Gustav Meyrink: yonena, zilandiridwenso, anatengera ntchito

Mmodzi wa olemba otchuka kwambiri kuchiyambi cha XIX-XX zaka - Gustav Meyrink. Zosonyeza komanso womasulira amene walandira kuzindikira zikomo padziko lonse buku "Golem". Akatswiri ambiri molondola kuti mmodzi wa bestseller zoyambirira za m'ma 20.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Tsogolo wolemba kwambiri anabadwira ku Vienna mu 1868. atate wake Minister Carl Von Hemmingen wakwatiwa ndi Ammayi Mary Meyer, chifukwa Gustav anabadwa wapathengo. Mwa njira, Meyer - dzina lake lenileni, alias Meyrink anatenga ina.

Biographers tione mwatsatanetsatane chidwi: wolemba zosonyeza anabadwa pa January 19, tsiku lomwelo monga wotchuka American analemba lachinsinsi la American Edgar Allan Poe. Mu mbiri ya mabuku a m'mayiko awo, iwo achita ntchito yofanana.

Childhood Gustav Meyrink anali ndi mayi ake. Monga zisudzo, iye ankakonda panjira, kotero ubwana wake anakhalitsa ku woyendayenda nthawi zonse. Kuphunzira akubwera mmizinda - Hamburg, Munich, Prague. Akatswiri Meyrink amanena kuti asapita mayi ake anali ozizira. N'chifukwa chake, malinga ndi otsutsa ambiri zolembalemba, wotchuka anali ziwanda otchulidwa yaikazi ntchito yake.

Prague nthawi

Mu 1883 Meyrink anabwera Prague. Apa maphunziro a Academy of Trade ndipo anali banki ntchito. Mu mzinda uwu, Gustav Meyrink zaka makumi awiri, mobwerezabwereza zosonyeza naye ntchito zake. Prague si maziko kwa iye, komanso anthu a m'nkhaniyi mu mabuku angapo monga "The Golem," "Walpurgis Night", "Mngelo wa West Tsamba".

Apa anali imodzi mwa nkhani zikuluzikulu za moyo wa wolembayo anati biographers. Zokhudza izo angaphunzire chiyani pa nkhani ya "The Pilot" lofalitsidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake. Mu 1892 Meyrink anali kuyesera kuti adziphe, akukumana ndi mavuto zozama. Iye anakwera pa tebulo, anatenga mfuti anali za kuwombera, munthu ndinazembera pansi pa khomo la buku - "moyo pambuyo pa imfa". Kuyesa kusiya moyo umene iye anali panthawiyo adakana. Nthawi zambiri, lachinsinsi mwangozi unachita chachikulu mu moyo wake ndi ntchito.

Meyrink anakhala ndi chidwi kuphunzira theosophy, kabbalah, ziphunzitso lachinsinsi la East, ankachita anati yoga. Yotsirizira anamuthandiza kupirira osati wauzimu, komanso matenda. Wolemba moyo wake onse anadwala ululu kumbuyo.

banki

Mu 1889, Gustav Meyrink kwambiri chinkhoswe mu zachuma. Pamodzi ndi mnzake, Christian Morgenstern maziko a banki "Mayer ndi Morgenstern." Poyamba zinthu anapita ku phiri, koma wolemba Ntchito banki si ovuta, ndi kusamala kwambiri moyo wa zokoma boma.

Pa chiyambi cha wolemba inati mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa cha ichi, iye anamenyera duel ndi msilikali wina. Mu 1892 anakwatira pasanapite nthawi pachabe ukwati, koma kusudzulana mu 1905 chifukwa cha kuchedwa malamulo ndiponso khama la mkazi wake.

chakuti banki akufotokozera zoipa kwambiri kwambiri, kunapezeka mu 1902, pamene Meyrink anabweretsa operekera ntchito zamizimu ndi ufiti pa ntchito ya kubanki. Iye anatha pafupifupi 3 miyezi m'ndende. Milandu anazindikira miseche, koma Pankhaniyi akadali kungasokoneze ntchito yake ndalama.

Mu ntchito oyambirira zolembalemba

Meyrink ntchito luso inayamba mu 1903 ndi nkhani yaing'ono satirical. Kale anali ndi chidwi noticeable zongoganiza. Nthawi imeneyi, Gustav amagwira kugwilizana ndi Prague Wachiwiri-romanticism. M'chaka anawamasulira buku lake loyamba "Hot amuna ndi nkhani zina," ndipo kenako lanyimbo lalifupi "Orchid. Chachirendo nkhani".

Mu 1905, amayandikira ukwati chachiwiri - ndi Filominoy Bernt. Amapita, anayamba kufalitsa magazini satirical. Mu 1908 pakubwera zosonkhanitsira chachitatu cha nkhani yochepa - "Sera". ntchito zolembalemba sangathe kudyetsa banja, kotero Meyrink anayamba kuphunzira yomasulira. Pakuti yochepa anatha kumasulira 5 mabuku a Charles Dickens. Translation Meyrink chinkhoswe mpaka mapeto a moyo, kuphatikizapo powasamalira kwambiri malemba zamatsenga.

Buku "The Golem"

Mu 1915 anafalitsa buku wotchuka ndi mlembi - "Golem". Meyrink yomweyo amalandira ulemerero European. Pa maziko a nthano mankhwala kwa Mphunzitsi wina wachiyuda amene analenga chilombo dongo ndi zamoyo pogwiritsa ntchito kabbalistskih malemba.

kanthu zimachitika Prague. The owerenga, dzina amakhalabe wosadziwika, mwanjira anapeza chipewa cha mbalame zinazake Athanasius. Patatha izi, ngwazi akuyamba kuona maloto zachilendo, monga ngati iye ali mbalame kwambiri. Iye akuyesera kuti apeze mwini chipewa. Pomaliza, amvela kuti miyala iyi ndi wakukubwezera, amene anakhalako zaka zambiri zapitazo, mu Prague, mu ghetto Ayuda.

Buku wopambana kwambiri padziko lonse, kusiya mbiri chifukwa kuti aziyenda nthawi makope 100 zikwi. Kutchuka kwa mankhwala ali sanaletse ngakhale First World nkhondo, amene kunabuka pa nthawi imeneyo, ndipo chakuti ntchito si kutamanda chida, pamene Austria-Hungary sanasangalale bwino.

German kwa Russian "Golem" anawamasulira odziwika Soviet womasulira David Vygodskii mu 20-30s.

Woyamba pikhabuluka anaonetsetsa kutchuka Meyrink komanso mabuku wotsatira Komabe, ngati makope lalikulu, salinso umatulutsa. "Green nkhope" linatulutsidwa chiwerengero cha magazini 40 000.

Kupambana mafilimu

Pambuyo kutulutsidwa kwa buku "The Golem" zatchuka anatengera Meyrink mabuku. Nkhani yoyamba anasamukira ku chophimba chachikulu mkulu filimu German Paulo Wegener mu 1915. Dziwani kuti ndi buku la Meyrink zikugwirizana iwo okha nthano pachiyambi. Ngakhale kuti salamulidwa kuti bukuli ouziridwa Opanga filimuyi. udindo ankaimba Golem Wegener. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye analenga trilogy za munthu dongo. Mu 1917, kupenta "The Golem ndi wovina," ndipo mu 1920 "The Golem: Kodi Iye anadza ku dziko lapansi." Mwatsoka, filimu yoyambirira ali amaona otaika. Iwo asungidwa za 4 Mphindi maola chophimba nthawi. Koma ayamikike Wegener Golem anakhala kuzindikira cinematic njira.

Meyrink filimu anatengera mabuku sikuthera pamenepo. Mu 1936 ku Czechoslovakia, pakubwera filimu "The Golem." Meyrink kutamandidwa ntchito motsogoleredwa ndi Julien Duvivier. Mu 1967, pafupifupi kwenikweni buku anajambula French wotsogolera Jean Kershborn. Mu 1979, ku phunziro lomwelo amangomvera Polish cinematographer Piotr Szulkin.

"Green nkhope" ndipo "Walpurgis Night"

Chotsatirapo cha kupambana kunja ntchito angapo a wolemba, monga Gustav Meyrink, "Green nkhope" ndipo "Walpurgis Night". Mu buku lachitatu la Austria kanthu impressionist kachiwiri kuchitika Prague, pa First World nkhondo. "Walpurgis Night" kwalembedwa mu mawonekedwe grotesque, izo kachiwiri zambiri zongoganiza, esotericism. Author akuseka anthuŵa Austria ndi akuluakulu.

Pakati pa nkhaniyi ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri ya m'nkhaniyi. Imperial Moyo medic ndi mbuye wake, hule amene anagwa mu umphawi, ndi woimba wamng'ono Ottakar mu chikondi ndi mphwanga wa wotchuka Záhradky, amene wapathengo mwana ali.

The kanthu chachikulu chikuchitika mu Walpurgis Night, pamene, malinga ndi nthano, sanalinso kutsatira malamulo mwachizolowezi, chitseko ajar pakati dziko lathu ndiponso tsiku lotsatira. Ndi fanizo limeneli Gustav Meyrink, amene yonena kumagwirizana ku First World nkhondo, pofuna kufotokoza zinthu zoopsa za nkhondo ndi kusintha kubwera.

Kukwaniritsidwa - nkhondo wamagazi ngati wotsikayo kuchokera zojambula za nthawi ya nkhondo Hussite. Akatswiri Kenako tikambirana "Walpurgis Night" monga ngati chenjezo. chakuti ndendende chaka chimodzi mwa Prague zinachitika dziko mau, nkhanza anazunzidwa asilikali lachifumu.

Mu Russia, "Walpurgis Night" unakhala wotchuka kumbuyo mu 20s lapansi. Akatswiri ambiri mabuku ngakhale kuti Archibald Archibaldovich wa Romana Bulgakova "Master ndi Margarita", mkulu wa odyera Griboyedov nyumba, anakopera kuchokera Bambo Bzdinke, mwini nyumba za alendo "Green Chule" kuchokera Meyrink.

Kunena Meyrink

Mu 1921 Meyrink limafalitsa buku "White Republic" sanalandire bwino ofala anthu, ndipo mu 1927 anamasula otsiriza lalikulu ntchito yake - "Mngelo wa West Tsamba". Poyamba, otsutsa anam'chitira wosayamikira machitidwe omasuliridwa Russian anaonekera yekha mu 1992, chifukwa cha Vladimir Kryukov.

Buku chikuchitika mu zigawo zingapo za tanthauzo. Patsogolo pathu Vienna 1920. Nkhani khalidwe chapakati - wotsatira ndi mbadwa ya Dzhona Di, zenizeni m'moyo Wales wasayansi ndi alchemist za m'ma XVI. manja yake itagwa nyimbo makolo. kuwerenga limavomerezedwa ndi zochitika zofunika mu moyo wa protagonist lapansi. Zonsezi ndi ophiphiritsa ndipo limafanana ndi yonena za Dzhona Di.

Mu buku limeneli anakopeka ndi mabuku Russian. Ena otchuka ku mawonekedwe a Dostoevsky ndi Andrew White.

kalembedwe Zizindikiro Meyrink

Features Meyrink kalembedwe bwino kunachokera ndi buku lake posachedwapa. Pa malo ake alchemical chizindikiro cha ukwati zopatulika. Pali zinthu ziwiri - mwamuna ndi mkazi, amene amafuna kukakhalanso ku amodzi limodzi mu chikhalidwe waukulu. Zonsezi ndi amatikumbutsa ziphunzitso za kutanthauzira psychoanalytical wa ophiphiritsa alchemical Carl Jung a. Panopa mankhwala mu ambiri otchula alchemy, Kabbalah ndi ziphunzitso tantric.

imfa wolembayo

Gustav Meyrink, mabuku amene ali otchuka patali chotero, zapita pa zaka 64. imfa yake kumagwirizana ndi tsoka la mwana wa Fortunatus. Zima 1932 mnyamata 24 wazaka anavulala pamene kutsetsereka, napeza moyo mu chikuku. Mnyamata sakanakhoza kupirira izi ndipo anadzipha yekha. Pa msinkhu umodzi, pamene anali kuyesera kuti atate wake, koma Meyrink-akuluwo opulumutsidwa mwa kabuku mwachinsinsi.

Wolemba otha mwana wake zokhudza 6 miyezi. December 4, 1932, anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Izo zinachitika mu yaing'ono m'tauni Bavarian wa Starnberg. Iye anaikidwa lotsatira mwana wake. Kumanda Meyrink anapereka woyera Mwalawapamutu ndi lolembedwa mu Latin pompo-pompo, kutanthauza "kukhala".

Mu Russia Meyrink wachita kale mukulakwitsa, makamaka m'nyengo ya Soviet. Utatha Soviet Union kwambiri za ntchito zake amasuliridwa Russian ndi kufalitsidwa.