Hagia Sophia - chizindikiro cha Russia wakale. Woyera Sophia Cathedral

Hagia Sophia mu Kiev - khadi malonda osati likulu Chiyukireniya, koma mkhalidwe wonse. Zingati chifukwa izi zazikulu mapulani chipilala. Choyamba, Kiev St. Sophia - chizindikiro cha wakale Russian, ndipo kachiwiri - ndi umboni wa mbiri zakale ndi zamakono. Nzika iliyonse mphamvu zosafanana chabe amakakamizidwa kamodzi pa moyo wawo wokaona malo waukulu chonchi. The alendo amene anabwera ku Ukraine kuchokera ku ngodya akutali kwambiri a dziko lapansi mu malo oyamba, ndipo akufunitsitsa kuti mwaluso kamangidwe, anaimba mbiri zakale ndi Maulendo.

Kumene

Hagia Sophia - chizindikiro cha Russia wakale osati. Ngakhale kachisi uyu ndi m'nyumbayi ali udindo wa chipilala mbiri, nthawi yaitali iye anali umboni uliwonse nyengo yeniyeni ndi moyo m'nthawi ya mibadwo yonse. View kachisi ndi maganizo chilungamo anatsimikizira mfundo zonse za chikhalidwe cha boma ndi anthu.

Muzu kuchokera Kiev kapena alendo yachilendo, pamaso kufika ku kachisi chinsinsi, anakakamizika kupita kupyolera yaikulu m'dera, umene wazunguliridwa chitukuko yamakono, kudali chipilala kuti wamkulu Hetman Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, unakhazikitsidwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Ndiye, kuti potsiriza kuona mwaluso mapulani, inu ofuna kudutsa mu arched belu nsanja pamodzi ndi malinga atali, chibwenzi kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII. Ndipo ngakhale ndi zonse Saint Sophia Cathedral ili pafupi ndi likulu la mzindawu - adakali wabata ndi momasuka malo. Koma n'kovuta kwambiri kukhulupirira kuti apa panali nthawizonse.

Kamodzi pa tchalitchi kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu amayamba kuyang'ana kudabwa mu madera osiyana, yochepa, lonse ndi kunja dongosolo mwadzidzidzi limatuluka majestically oposa, m'dera amakhala akuluakulu, koma molunjika parishioner amayang'ana Orans - Virgin yagolidi chowala. Munthu amamva wamphamvuzonse mwina chapadera kapena kosalimba cholengedwa. Koma tsopano zidzakhala zosavuta kulingalira bungwe mavuto amene anali anasonkhana pansi makoma a nyumbayi, kuti kusankha chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa dziko.

Basi ndi mfundo

Hagia Sophia (chizindikiro cha Lazaro wakale ') inamangidwa ndi odzipereka m'zaka XI, ndi yeniyeni, mu zoyambirira. Ngakhale masiku ano, olemba mbiri, asayansi atapereka masiku angapo chilengedwe chake. Choncho, amaganiza kuti kukopa inamangidwa pa imodzi zaka izi: 1011 TH, 1017 TH ndi 1037 TH.

Masiku awiri otsiriza zochokera zolembedwa za mbiri zosiyanasiyana - Novgorod ndi "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", motero. Umboni wa zotsatira loyamba kuphunzira amaonedwa kukhala zipsera pa makoma a kachisi, komanso kuunikanso mfundo zina za mbiri yakale olembedwa.

Komanso angatsutse n'chakuti, mbiri ya malingaliro ndi kukwezedwa kwa Mpingo kuli indissoluble poyerekezera Christianity mu Russia. Kodi kochita ndi izo ndi atatu mphamvu wotchuka wa mfumu - Mfumukazi Olga, Prince Vladimir ndi Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya.

Malinga ndi mbiri, choyambirira Hagia Sophia - chizindikiro cha Russia wakale - ndi mlombwa ozungulira kachisi anamangidwa ku Kiev, Olga. Mwina kotero, kuti zinali nthawi kuyendera Mfumukazi ya Constantinople. Ndipo n'zotheka kuti zithunzi kachisi anali kuperekedwa kwa kholo la Constantinople. Mpingo yatsopano inamangidwa nkhuni, ndi mu 1017, ndipo pambuyo pake, izo yapsya pa moto Kiev.

Vladimir ndi Yaroslav

Malinga ndi nkhani zina kuchokera m'masiku, ndi Cathedral watsopano wa St. Sophia mu Kiev anaika Svyatoslav Vladimirovich. Iwo unali mpingo waukulu ndi mtengo. Inali m'munda (m'munsimu ndiye likulu), kumene mkulu anagonjetsa Pechenegs.

Kamangidwe, zandale ndi zauzimu zinachitika wa mpingo anakhala chachikulu cha St. Sophia ku Constantinople. Iye chidwi ndi maonekedwe ake ndipo, nthawi zambiri, anali kukumbukira wosaiwalika wa Mfumukazi Olga. Ndipo ngati ife kuvomereza mfundo ya ubatizo wa akazi, tiyenera kuyamba chakuti zikuchitika Constantinople, mu mpingo wa Hagia Sophia. Ndipo mu mpingo Korsun wa Hagia Sophia anabatizidwa ndi korona wokha Prince Vladimir. Ndi chifukwa pomanga mpingo mu Russia sanali ngozi.

Pansi Yaroslav m'kachisi kufika pachimake, komanso kutsindika ufulu ndi mphamvu ya Kievan Lazaro.

Ukulu wa tchalitchi

Pafupifupi imodzi ndi kudzipereka wa St. Sophia (mbiri ya chilengedwe limafotokoza nkhaniyi) ali nazo ndiponso Dipatimenti ya Metropolitan wa Kiev. Bwalo zogona metropolitans ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Koma ngakhale mfundo za nthawi m'gawo lake chidwi yekha ndi kukula kwake. Choncho, akhoza chinkhoswe mu nkhani za zipembedzo ndi boma, osati boma ndi atsogoleri, koma pafupi makoma ndi ufulu kusonkhanitsa nzika wamba mu Komiti kapena kuti kukondwerera chitunda cha kalonga watsopano pa mpando wachifumu.

Kodi izo zikuwoneka

Komabe, asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Hagia Sophia mu Kiev inamangidwa pa ulamuliro wa Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya. Lero nyumbayi anakhoza kukhala apamwamba a zomangamanga wakale ndi ukulu wowoneka bwino za m'ma XI. Mu mpingo uno zogwirizana ophatikizana Zojambula pakhoma ndi zithunzi. Mbali yaikulu ya mkati ndi chimasiyanitsa ntchito zithunzi (guwa ndi mzikiti chapakati). Malo ena onse anali ndi zithunzi zokongola m'makoma. Today mpingo ndi alendo akhoza kuona 260 mamita ² lodalirika Zithunzi pachibwenzi XI atumwi, ndi za 3 sq. M. mamita frescoes.

Sophia Cathedral odzipereka nzeru embodying, ndipo chotero zomangamanga ndi kupenta wa mpingo amayenera kulimbikitsa ndipo timavomereza Chikhristu ndi mphamvu ya ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Guwa ndi mzikiti chapakati nkhope kukopedwa a m'nkhaniyi ndi nkhani ya moyo wachikhristu. Iwo alemba ntchito ku glazes pa pulasitala yonyowa. Kachisi zithunzi tso 177 Kolerova mithunzi.

The medallion mzikiti chapakati akuonetsedwa Khristu wamphamvuyonse. Ndipo kuzungulira pachimake kamodzi wotanganidwa angelo aakulu anayi, koma chithunzi chimodzi chokha anakhalabe zithunzi. The mafuta otsala kale appended.

owonetsera zakale kukhala

Cha m'ma 1930s, akuluakulu ndiye Soviet Ukraine, anaganiza kuti Hagia Sophia (chizindikiro cha Russia wakale) ayenera kukhala owonera zakale-otetezedwa. The tchalitchi anayamba kuchita kafukufuku ndi ntchito yobwezeretsa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, ntchito ya nyumbayi wakhala anazindikira padziko lonse. Lero ndi Reserve National "Sophia wa Kyiv".