Common Pochard: photos, kufotokoza, malo okhala

Banja la abakha yaikulu ndithu, zambiri kuposa mitundu 100. shelduck ichi, woyera mutu bakha, bakha-bwato, Baikal Tilu yosiyanasiyana Tilu, mallard, shoveler, Brazil merganser, Muscovy bakha, pochard ndi ena.

Nkhaniyi limanena za mitundu aposachedwapa a bakha banja.

mafotokozedwe

Pochard - ndi bakha, miyeso ukufika magalamu 1400. Mbalame ali ndi thupi wandiweyani, pang'ono cholizira laterally. Pa ndege, kwambiri aukitsa chofinyira phazi, chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika svoebrazny yokhota kumapeto mawonekedwe. Mtengo ndi wofanana kukula kwa mutu ka mlomo wa. Mtundu ndi mwamuna (Drake) red-bulauni ndi Sheen chibakuwa, ndi bakha mutu wofiira mtundu. The wingspan mamita 0.6-0.8. Pochard bakha-zikuluzikulu akazi. N'zochititsa chidwi mchira wake. The mmbuyo ndi chifuwa pang'ono mdima imvi, kungakhale bulauni. M'mawere ndi pamimba kuwala mthunzi imvi. mlomo mtundu kuchokera imvi amakhala wauve buluu. Yoteroyo mwa anthu a amuna ndi akazi, chachikulu, imvi mtundu. Pa chifuwa Drake ndi mapewa malankhulidwe wakuda, imvi kumbuyo, mbali ngati atagonjetsa ndi nambwibwi ndi yopingasa. Mlomo, mosiyana ndi akazi, wotumbululuka buluu, wakuda pamwamba.

mayendedwe

Pochard - ndi diver kwambiri, kumizidwa m'madzi masekondi 30-40. mbalame zimenezi chete. Mkazi ali ndi mawu mawu, kwenikweni iye anali kulira pa ulendo wake. Drake pa panopa zina umabala phokoso ngati wenzulo.

Pochard, amene chithunzi mu pepala, n'zovuta kuti avule, koma ntchentche. sitiroko wake wa mapiko pa nkhani phokoso m'malo lakuthwa. Kutsogolera moyo m'manja, ambiri mwa anawatengera pa madzi.

Oimira mitundu zimatha kukhala zaka 20, koma nthawi pafupifupi moyo wawo ndi zochepa kwambiri. Kwenikweni, mbalame yaitali yaitali ali mu ukapolo, kumene akhaonera, kudyetsedwa ndi ankachitira bwino.

Common Pochard: malo

ndi mbalame amakhala kuti? Poyamba imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza ankakhala woyendera nthambi ya steppes ndi m'nkhalango steppes, koma pang'onopang'ono malo chikuwonjezeka, ndi mbalame akukhala pa nyanja ofunda ku Ulaya, yomwe ili kumpoto ndi kumadzulo. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuchepa kwa madzi malo watsiku ndi kuthetsa chifukwa kusintha zachilengedwe ndi zikamera wa yabwino amapeza ana nyanja m'mizinda mafakitale Europe.

Dera la kuthetsa (kuswana osiyanasiyana) ndi yaikulu kwambiri: izo umachokera ku Britain ndi nyanja ya Baikal, ndi Caspian ndipo Nyanja Black kwa Amu Darya ndi lodziwika bwino Semirechye. Kumwera midzi kunja madzi madera ndi louma mchere m'madambo. Mu US ndi Canada angapezeke pa kumpoto nyanja (Athabasca, Buffalo, Manitoba), kummawa kwa ankadziwana la Mtsinje Nebraska ndi m'mapiri a Sierra Nevada kumadzulo m'dzikoli. Mu Africa, mbalame amakhala kum'mwera kwa dera la Cape Verde, komanso mu Arabia.

Zima pochard amathera mu nyanja ya Baltic, Nyanja North, Black Sea, Nyanja Mediterranean ndi Caspian gombe, komanso zilumba Japanese, pa Suriya ndi kugombe aku Iraq, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Iran ndi Pakistan ndi kumpoto India.

Molt - nthawi zofunika pa moyo wa

Midzidzi ya drakes imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza wotumidwa kwa molting yochepa. Chaka chilichonse iwo kuuluka mu malo kusonkhana ziweto zambiri. Molting chikuchitika makamaka mu nyanja nkhalango. Koyamba molt m'chilimwe - ndi Yambitsaninso ukwati chovala, kukonzanso - yophukira - pamaso pa masewera banja latsopano. Young drakes molt choyamba mu September ndiyeno kwathunthu kusintha nthenga zawo.

The wamkazi umapita moulting pa chisa, ndipo ngati salandira anafungatirapo, iye limatifotokozera ndi amuna.

zodutsa Zosamukasamuka imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza

Imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza ndi maulendo ataliatali ndipo amangokhala. Recent moyo kokha chilumba cha Britain. Ichinso afika imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza yozizira ku Norway kumpoto kwa Germany, kuchokera limati Baltic ndi kumpoto Russia. Pa awiriawiri kukaikira mazira iwo pambuyo mofulumira ayezi ku m'mayiwe.

Pa Kokchetav nyanja (kumpoto Kazakhstan) ndi nyanja m'dera Kurgan ati molt mbali yaing'ono ya mbalame kuchokera Urals, Western Siberia ndi Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Ambiri mwa ringed kumeneko drakes kuwuluka Nyanja Mediterranean, kumene m'nyengo yozizira. Amauluka kudutsa mapiri a Kumwera Urals, Don otsika ndi kum'mwera Ukraine. A kagawo kakang'ono amakhalabe pa Black Sea gombe. Ena kuuluka kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.

Pambuyo wintering British mu March adza kwa ndege nthawi yomwe ikuchitika lisanathe April. The dera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mbalame Black Sea anayamba kusiya kumayambiriro April. Adjara akusiya kumapeto kwa March. Wopita ku Iraq mu March. Pa madzi kukaikira mazira afika mochedwa. Dera Middle Volga, zikuoneka mu sabata yatha wa April ndi mapeto a May iwe ukhoza kuwona nkhosa yaing'ono ya mbalame ataliatali. Kumapeto kwa April inu mukhoza kuona ndege unyinji wa mbalame zimenezi kudzera Tartary.

Wintering pa zilumba Japanese Pochard achoke pa mapeto a April. The drakes choyamba kuuluka pambuyo pawo masabata awiri kuwuluka akazi ndi mbalame wamng'ono.

kukaikira mazira

Nest amakonda kuyenda pansi pa madzi nyanja zozama za m'dera limeneli, nkhalango steppe, kumene ambiri bango, ndi m'madera lotseguka. M'dera kukaikira mazira a mbalame zouluka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, pafupifupi wokhudza madzi. Chabwino azikhala ndi ena mitundu ya abakha, saposa iwo pa gawo la kupanga chakudya, monga chakudya makamaka usiku. Pamene iwo zimaswana, amakonda masamba menyu. Pa kusamuka ndi wintering mbalame pamodzi ziweto zambiri.

Kufalitsidwa ndi njira chisa malo, zaikidwa ndi zimayambira wa udzu m'madzi. chifukwa ndi uyatsa zitsamba za bango mace kapena, m'mene muli zikutanthauza malowedwe. Ndiye pochard, kuti tafotokozazi, ndi alimbane kufwanyulira anakudzula ku chifuwa ndi downy bedroll mafelemu wa m'dzenjewo. Mlatho akuyandama chimatsatira bwino ndipo zochokera madzi chifukwa umatheka ndi mizu ya zomera za m'madzi. chisa china munamangidwa pa tokhala ndi tokhala, yokutidwa ndi mabango pa gombe, pafupi ndi madzi. Ndi masamba zomera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ali ndi awiri a 30 cm ndi kutalika kwake - 25 cm.

chakudya

Kudyetsa malo kwa iwo ndi matupi a madzi, imene kwambiri zomera za m'madzi, nthawi zina zazikulu kwambiri. Komanso kupewa nyanja mchere, kumene chakudya. Mphamvu imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza mu zomera ndi nyama (mphutsi, udzudzu, ntchentche zoluma, tadpoles, etc.). kusintha zakudya malingana ndi nyengo. Kusintha - kasupe ndi yophukira - masamba chakudya, ndi chilimwe ndi chisanu - nyama.

kubalana

Monga kuchulukana pochard? Akazi akhwime kugonana itatha yoyamba (ndipo nthawi zina chachiwiri) cha moyo, Drake kukula m'chaka chachiwiri. Chibwenzi ikuchitika pa malo kuswana. drakes angapo zambiri kusamalira mkazi wosakwatiwa, amacheza ndi madzi ndi kuonetsa kuvina, akuponyera mutu wake lalitali, zimatulutsa mluzu phokoso. Yaikazi ndi ufulu wosankha bwenzi lawo. Naye iye akazi, kupanga chisa ndi amawaumbatira mazira. Mu April - May, abakha anayamba kulenga zomangamanga. Mu ena zisa mazira angakhale akazi awiri kapena atatu, ngati mayi osasamalira kuponyera mmwamba mazira awo zisa za anansi. Nthawi zina zomangamanga ena chifukwa osadziwika akafa, ndiye akazi kutchera mazira mu malo atsopano. Mu kusanjika madzi - mazira 8 mpaka 12, mtundu wa Kamaoneka buluu. The wamkazi amawaumbatira mazira pafupifupi 25 masiku.

madzi mbadwa

Aswa anapiye kulemera kwa magalamu 40 50 ndipo ali mu chisa mpaka youma. Drakes samenya nawo posamalira anapiye ake kwa Jack si kubwera. Choyamba, iwo ali pafupi. Kudyetsedwa ndi akazi pamodzi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a unisex. Kusiya chisa, bakha anapiye atseka pansi.

Anapiye ake pa tsiku lachitatu anali wangwiro madzi ndi aigwire tizilombo. Pooh aswa anapiye a kadzidziyo ndi wandiweyani. Pa tsiku lachiwiri kupeza chakudya chawo, chikumujompha tizilombo ndi mbewu zomera, madzi. anapiye mwezi kale kwathunthu kunachitika, miyezi iwiri ndipo timatha kuuluka. Anapiye kupeza mu mapaketi, kusunga mabango ndi sedges. Pamene anapiye ake ngozi m'manda mu iwo.

Kumayambiriro August, iwo kusiya chisa, kupita ku moyo wosamukasamuka.

wachikondi munthu

Kodi otetezeka pochard? The Red Book of Russia lili ndi cha mbalame chifukwa chakuti chiwerengero cha mitundu utachepa kuchoka pa 60 kufika 10-15 zikwi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chitukuko tima madera omwe zikukhazikitsa madzi, umene uli masewera mbalame.