Philosophy ndi sayansi: Kufanana ndi kusiyana. ndi kufanana nzeru ndi sayansi chiyani?

Kodi nzeru ndi sayansi? Kufanana ndi kusiyana kwa khalidwe awiri kupitiriza ayankhidwa ndi asayansi ndi ochita kafukufuku. Nthawi zambiri ali poyerekezera ndi chidziwitso cha asayansi ndi anzeru.

magwero

Amadziwika kuti BC ku Greece anali nzeru ndi sayansi. Kufanana ndi kusiyana amapezeka mu nthawi ya kale. Poyamba nzeru anatuluka sayansi chilengedwe kuti amaphunzira zinthu zonse. Mu olemera mzinda anayamba kuoneka sukulu. Anakhala nsanja kambiranani maweruzo zosiyanasiyana ophunzira. Iwo ankatchedwa nzeru ena - mu Chigiriki "okonda nzeru."

M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chachuluka. Pang'onopang'ono anasiya nzeru za sayansi woyamba palokha, monga sayansi. Asayansi amene akhala atithandiza mu phunziro lake lapamtima, analenga sukulu yapadera. Science zayamba pa nthawi imene za akatswiri anazindikira kuti kudziwa zimenezi - chidziwitso cha chinachake khola nthawi zonse. Anatsutsa maganizo paokha - kuonetsetsa ndi mfundo zina anthu amene sichikatsimikiziridwa.

interrelation

sayansi yeniyeni kuphunzira zinthu zina za moyo. Philosophy chimagwirizanitsa zonse, choncho n'kofunika anthuwo amalanga. Chomwecho Agiriki akale. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira okamba za nthawi poyerekeza ndi sayansi nzeru: woyamba bwinobwino chilengedwe ndi malamulo ake, nzeru chomwecho chimakwirira osati chikhalidwe komanso anthu. Iwo umapita kungodziwa ndi yopapatiza.

Kutsutsana zimene chofanana ndi nzeru ndi sayansi, inapitirira kwa zaka zambiri. Ananyamuka ndi posachedwapa positivism sukulu ndi chiphunzitso Marxist anayesanso funso limeneli. Othandiza mfundo zimenezi amakhulupirira kuti ufulu kulibe ali mtundu wokha wa nzeru, ozikidwa pa zinthu zofunika sayansi. Kodi izo zidzakhala ziri mu ntchito?

Universal njira zomwe zikanati kudziwa kufanana kwa nzeru ndi sayansi, ndipo sichinayambe anakonza. maphunziro ambiri pa nkhani ankachititsa Husserl. Iye anali mlembi wa chiphunzitso cha "nzeru ngati sayansi mwakhama." Koma iye ngakhalenso anthu ake akhala akulephera kukwaniritsa zotsatira zokhutitsa umenewu. Philosophy ndi sayansi, kufanana ndi kusiyana amene makamaka kwambiri anaphunzira za m'ma XX, wafunsira chiphunzitso existentialist. postulates wake monga kutsindika kuti amalanga awiriwa ndi pang'ono kuchita ndi mzake.

malire a chidziwitso

ndi kufanana nzeru ndi sayansi chiyani? Mwachindunji, iwo njira yodziwira zinthu. Komabe, njira zawo ndi zolinga osiyana kwambiri. Science ndi wochepa, amafufuza zokhazo zimene zili mkati mwa mutu wake yopapatiza. Mu nzeru monga palibe malire, limaphatikizapo zinthu zonse padziko. Kudziwa ichi yosokoneza, si zochokera mfundo momveka bwino.

Kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa nzeru ndi sayansi Tingaone poyerekezera empiricism. Mwachitsanzo, mu sayansi ndi zamoyo anaphatikizana zinachitikira ndi zatsopano ndi zofunika, monga wopanda iwo n'zosatheka kutsimikizira chiphunzitso chilichonse. The nzeru za zinthu izi mopepuka kwambiri.

zosiyanasiyana

amalanga Scientific ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti dziko ndi zovuta - pali zambiri magawo. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo pali sayansi yake. Mwachitsanzo, sayansi ndi masamu umafananirako koma pa nthawi yomweyo, pang'ono kuchita ndi zaumunthu lapansi. Philosophy ndi sayansi, kufanana ndi kusiyana kuti akhoza kukhala zowoneka tione chitsanzo zosiyanasiyana, osati ngati chakuti woyamba yaikulu, ndipo lachiwiri ndi osiyanasiyana ndi zosamveka.

Asayansi amakhala otanganidwa ndi dera lawo yopapatiza. Iwo alibe chidwi mmene ntchito zawo kumaonekera ambiri a sayansi. Afilosofi nthawizonse ndayesera mu mbalume zawo kuphimba dziko lonse ndi malamulo ake onse ndi zotsutsana. Amenewa anali Aristotle, Hegel, Kant ndi ena ambiri anzeru wotchuka wa umunthu.

kumwa kulibe

kusiyana zofunika nzeru za sayansi ndi poyerekezera nkhani zawo nkhani. Anzeru kufotokoza osati dziko lenileni, koma makonzedwe "kanthu" - zinthu zimene sangakwanitse chikumbumtima anthu. The maphunziro sayansi chokhacho chimene weniweni.

Non-umunthu ndi mbali zofunika sukulu onse nzeru zaumunthu, kuyambira ndi dziko wakale. Mu China ndi India (mmodzi wa chitukuko kwambiri wakale wa dziko) "kanthu" maziko chachikulu chiphunzitso chirichonse. Anonso analiko nzeru Western. Kwa anzeru "kanthu" n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa ndi imodzi mwa nsalu, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza tsinde la zonse alipo. Anzeruwo mibadwo mibadwo akhala akuyesa njira zosiyanasiyana kupeza mtheradi - tingoti chidziwitso. Asayansi sanapange nawo ntchito imeneyi. Iwo kufufuza mfundo zenizeni ndi nkhaniyi. N'zochititsa chidwi kufanana ndi kusiyana nzeru, sayansi ndi chipembedzo angathe kuchitidwa mu ubale ku Mtheradi.

Objectivism ndi subjectivism

Kodi kukhala ndi nzeru zofanana ndi sayansi? Common kwa iwo kuti iwo onse ali ozindikira ntchito maganizo. chifukwa awo chimaoneka mu machitidwe ena. Chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi, ndiye nthawi zosiyana. Science Cholinga kukhala cholinga. Iwo amadalira kokha pa mfundo youma. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wogwira amaona ndi maziko a ziphunzitso za sayansi. ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kuti iwo zigwirizana okha a chidziwitso chabe.

Philosophy komanso akuyesetsa kuti cholinga, koma kuyambira pakati pa maphunziro ake nthawi zonse munthu, nzeru ena sangathe itachotsedwa zotsatira za ntchito yake, maganizo ndi ubale munthu nkhani zimene aphunzira. Nthanthi udindo wa woganiza aliyense zachokera mfundo zosiyana kwambiri ndi sayansi. Choncho, nzeru zilizonse ndi zotengera malingaliridwe zolemba. Ndi zimenezi n'chakuti mkati mwake pali masukulu osiyanasiyana ndi ziphunzitso, nthawi zambiri amatsutsana ndi mzake. Mu sayansi, ili singakhale. Ngati wasayansi ndi mfundo kutsimikizira chiphunzitso, m'malo mwake adzakhala ndi kuwerengera ndi mu ntchito zawo. Anzeruwo Mwinanso amakana ndi kukana wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, ena mwa XX atumwi, anakana zinachitikira masukulu Loona za m'ma XIX, ndi zina zotero D..

Udindo wa nzeru mu sayansi

Philosophy ndi sayansi sindikufuna basi kufanana ndi kusiyana. Iwo ali mbali ya wina ndi mzake. Mfundo sayansi woyamba zamangidwa pa mfundo aumunthu. Ngakhale asayansi amakono kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya nzeru, amene poyamba anayesedwa ngakhale anzeru a ku Girisi. Ndipo palibe kutsutsana.

Philosophy - njira ya nzeru, logic, nthanthi chiwembu. Zonsezi ndipamene maziko a dziko lonse ndi chilengedwe sayansi. Palibe wasayansi simungakhoze kuchita popanda njira tatchulawa kumvetsa ndi kumvetsa njira ya dziko. Motero, ena mwa makhalidwe nthanthi ndi zida woona wa kafukufuku sayansi. kuganiza theoretically, kuika zigawo zikuluzikulu dongosolo munthu mu chifanizo limodzi - zinthu zonse zofunika kwa asayansi.