Hereford ng'ombe: makamaka kuswana, okhutira, mitengo nyama ndi kuswana

Onse ng'ombe ng'ombe pafupifupi yopambana ndi Hereford ng'ombe mtundu, umene uli yokha ochepa Aberdeen Angus, ndipo ngakhale ndiye si m'mayiko onse: pali limanena mosapita amakonda Hereford. Ndipo thanthwe kwenikweni kuchilingalira.

History of kuswana

Kusankha inayamba mu English County Gerefordshir m'zaka 17 mochedwa ndipo anavekedwa ndi kupambana ndi pakati pa 18 ndi. Makolo a Hereford kawetedwe ng'ombe anakhala ndi ziweto m'dera, yaing'ono ndi ntchito mu njira zingapo: monga kusodza ndi nyama ndi mkaka. Cholinga cha kusankha chinali choti kulemera kwa anthu imathandizira kusasitsa awo (kuchuluka earliness) ndi kusintha asonyezedwa kokha nyama. Zotsatira kuswana anali bwino kwambiri moti kuyambira 1846 pali mitundu studbook, ndipo pofika cha m'ma 19 izo inafalikira pafupifupi dziko lonse. Mu 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 20 Hereford kuyamba mu USSR.

kunja Hereford

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za mtundu ndi zida wofiira ndi woyera ng'ombe mutu. Ndipo dazi opatsirana ngakhale pamene anawoloka ndi Mitundu ina. M'mimba, m'munsi pachifuwa, burashi kwambiri yoyera mchira. Zipsera za mtundu uwu palinso pa nape ndi mapewa. Horn woyera, koma pa nsonga mdima. Malamulo a boma ndi amphamvu, nthawi zina mwano. zinafota mzere, kumbuyo, lumbar ndi sacrum molunjika. Miyendo amatangaza ndi waufupi. Pachifuwa chonse, yotakata, ndi dewlap kutchulidwa otukuka. Oimira Hereford mtundu ng'ombe (chithunzi chili patsamba yomweyo) ndi yaikulu lalikulu zokwanira: chiberekero wamkulu umalemera pafupifupi 700 makilogalamu ndi yamphongo zambiri kufika kulemera pa tonne.

Ubwino ndi maonekedwe a mtundu wa

mwayi waukulu ndi zovuta kuswana ng'ombe. Iwo undemanding kudyetsa, ankagwiritsa ntchito ufulu odyetserako ziweto, imene ng'ombe kudya zitsamba zonse, kuphatikizapo namsongole, ndipo amene n'ngotukwana. Choncho, Hereford ng'ombe mtundu safunikira msipu mwapadera anabzala.

Ng'ombe kusiyana ndi mkulu moyo amayembekezeka - zaka 18, koma osachepera 15. ng'ombe si kwambiri. Ndipo moyo, iwo kusunga luso la kubereka; khalidwe achinyamata sakhala ndi kugwa kuchokera chiberekero cha ukalamba.

Hereford ng'ombe amatanthauza yaing'ono-fruited, ng'ombe mwachitsanzo anabadwa ochepa - pafupifupi 25 kg. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kudutsa pobereka mosavuta ndipo popanda thandizo zina kwa munthuyo. Ngati otelochnom nthambi zinyalala lisinthike nthawi zonse ndipo anali wouma, ng'ombe pafupifupi konse kudwala; apulumuke ndi pafupifupi 98. Ndi kulemera pang'ono pa chiyambi cha moyo wa ng'ombe kukula mwamsanga; ½ zaka ng'ombe apeze kuti makilogalamu 400, ndipo ndudu butts - 430-450. Umutu ndi kupsa kumapangitsa kuswana ng'ombe za mtundu wa.

Tiyenera tionenso kusinthasintha mkulu wa mtundu, amene waphunzitsidwa acclimated kuti kwambiri otentha kapena ozizira nyengo, osati English. Komanso, ngakhale ng'ombe mosavuta kulekerera akutambasula yaitali popanda kuonda.

Zokolola za nyama pa ndi zaka kupha 65%. Chifukwa cha zili zabwino ndi kuchuluka zachilendo kudzinenepetsa index ukufika 70. Plus ndi nyama Hereford ndi otchedwa nsangalabwi, omwe ndi apamwamba kuposa masiku. Ndi chifukwa cha ubwino zonse Hereford ng'ombe, mtengo wake ndi apamwamba kuposa mu mitundu ina ya nyama.

Komabe, ali zina zabwino zimene tingaone kuti kuipa. Hereford ng'ombe imodzi yofunika kwambiri imene iyenera n'komwe posankha pa kuswana ake. Malomolochny chiberekero kuti sangathe anaikama. Choncho, ng'ombe ndi anapitiriza khanda mpaka miyezi itatu.

Ntchito yomanga nkhokwe kwa akazi ndi ana a ng'ombe

Ndi bwino kuchita zonse mu lotayirira nyumba barani, ndi m'madera ufulu osiyanasiyana. Yekha okhetsedwa okonzeka ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa maofesi osiyana akazi ndi ana ang'ombe, anayikidwa mu mzinda wa akumwa ndi feeders. M'pofunikanso kuonetsetsa pa Corral, umene kudyetsa ng'ombe mwakula. Kumidzi ku polowera mapeto a khola anakonza umayi kuchipatala komwe suckler ng'ombe anasamutsa mu masiku angapo isanafike calving. Kumeneko tikatha sabata loyamba pambuyo. zinthu zazikulu zida barani kusunga akazi ndi ana ang'ombe: ukhondo, kusowa drafts ndi zinyalala youma. Kutentha ngakhale mu nyengo nkhanza sayenera kwambiri: akulu Hardy ndithu, ndi ng'ombe, pamene kuzizira, anaikidwa mu msipu.

Kusiyana opanga zakudya, "Ntchito ya namwino" ndipo ng'ombe

Tsopano tiona kuti ng'ombe kupha kudyetsa ochiritsira udzu wothira mchere ndi balere flake. Pakuti lactating ng'ombe zakudya ayenera kukhala watanthauzo kwambiri ndi zambiri zosiyanasiyana: roughage - zosaposa 45% ya silage - pafupifupi 25, ndipo osachepera 20% limafotokoza. Akuwonjezeka kudyetsa ndi kudya: fupa chakudya ndi mankwala (diammonium, tricalcium etc.). Ng'ombe-opanga kuika monga chimanga wabwino ndi legume udzu, chakudya olemera ndi kumvetsera. Ng'ombe kwa miyezi itatu waukulu mtengo mkaka, koma ndi masabata 2-3 mungapereke udzu. Ng'ombe, anafika makilogalamu 200 (pafupifupi ati miyezi 8 zokha, koma pali milandu pamene miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ng'ombe ndi kupeza kulemera kwambiri) ali olekanitsidwa chiberekero - zidzachitikanso mofulumira okhwima, ndi mphamvu zoberekera adzakhala apamwamba.

Tikhoza kunena kuti chifukwa cha ndalama zimene zimafunika kuti kuswana Hereford ng'ombe, mtengo n'chozama kuposa izo zikanakhoza kukhala.

kugula Hereford

Mpaka tchulani mmene ndalama Hereford ng'ombe zimasokoneza. Mtengo wa ng'ombe kuti sizinathe anatuluka zaka woyamwa, otsika kwambiri - kuchokera rubles 130 pa kilogalamu wa ng'ombe pedigree ndi 115 - anafuna kupha. Kuswana ng'ombe, kuyamwa kumasuliridwa mu dongosolo chonse mphamvu ndi kucha ntchito ubereki, ingathe rubles 300 pa kilo. A ng'ombe, osachepera kawiri kumabweretsa mkulu khalidwe mbewu, akuti mwamsanga rubles 500. pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi.