Hippeastrum: kusamalira maluwa, zokhudzana ndi zinthu

Mu chilengedwe, hippeastrum imakula ku South America. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yake yomwe imapezeka ku Amazon. Malo awa amaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira onse a hippeastrums, kumene amwazikira kumadera ena a lamba lotentha. Pafupifupi, mitundu yoposa 80 ya nyama zakutchire imadziwika. Kulima zomera zimenezi kunayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1200: kukongola kwa hippeastrum, komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kunali kovuta, mwamsanga mwadzidzidzi kunatchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Pakalipano, pafupifupi mitundu 2000 ya zomera izi zafesedwa, koma pafupifupi 200 mwa iwo akukula mwakuya.

A yowala ndi yooneka maluwa ya hippeastrum nthawi zambiri kusokonezeka Ndi amaryllis, omwe mwachilengedwe amakula ku South Africa. Zili zofanana kwambiri, komabe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomera, ngakhale zili za banja limodzi. Kusiyanitsa pakati pawo kumakhalapo chifukwa chakuti hippeastrum imamangidwa ndi maluwa ochepa - 2-6, osati 6-12, monga amaryllis. Maluwa a hippeastrum ndi akuluakulu, ndipo nthawi yayitali, mapepala ngati masamba amatha kukula panthawi yomweyo. Tsvetonos yemweyo amaryllis - leafless.

Hippeastrum, yosamalira zomwe zili ndizokha, zimatha pachimake kawiri pachaka. Maluwa ake - aakulu ndi owala, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence. Zitha kukhala zonyansa (zofiira, lalanje, zoyera, rasipiberi) kapena kukhala ndi mtundu wa mitundu iwiri - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gippeastrum ikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Mababuwa amafesedwa miphika ndi kuya kwa masentimita 15: mu hippeastrum iwo ndi akulu okwanira, mpaka masentimita 20 m'mimba mwake. Mtunda wochokera ku mababu mpaka pamakoma a chidebe uyenera kukhala osachepera 2-3 masentimita. Mbande yabwino kwambiri ya zomera ndi osakaniza tsamba ndi nthaka. Pansi pansi ndikuika ngalande. Babu amafunika kudulidwa pansi ndi magawo awiri pa atatu - mbali imodzi imakhala pamwamba pa pamwamba.

Pomwe maonekedwewo amamera, maluwawo amayamba kuthirira madzi ozizira kwambiri. Kamodzi pamlungu, ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera kwa maluwa. Nthawi ya maluwa idzakhala yotalikirapo ngati muyika malo otentha. Ngati simukusowa mbewu, mzere wouma bwino umadulidwa asanakhazikitsidwe, momwe ndondomekoyi imawonongera zomera. Hippeastrum, kusamalira komwe mukukula kumaphatikizapo kuyisunga pamalo okwera bwino komanso odzola mpweya wabwino, imafuna mpumulo. Kawirikawiri amabwera m'dzinja, mu September-October: pa nthawi ino, mitundu yambiri imafera masamba. Poto ndi babu ayenera kuikidwa pamalo ozizira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya osapitirira madigiri 12. Panthawiyi, chisamaliro cha hippeastrum chimapereka madzi okwanira osakwanira, makamaka kupyolera mu khola, kuti nthaka mu mphika isakhale yosakanizidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mizu siifa. Chomeracho chimadzuka mu Januwale ndi February, kumasula mivi ya maluwa.

Hippeastrum, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukonzanso nthaka yowonjezera nthawi zonse, imafuna kubzala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, monga chotengera chakale chimakhala cholimba kwa babu. Muyenera kuchita izi mwezi ndi theka mutatha mutengowo. Gawo la substrate yakale ndi makulidwe a masentimita 2-3 ayenera kuchotsedwa pamwamba pa chaka, ndikuchichotsa mwatsopano. Mababu pa nthawi yomwe amaikiranso amawunika mosamala. Malo okhudzidwa akudulidwa, kuwaza chilonda ndi malasha osweka. Musanabzala m'nthaka yatsopano mababu onse, ngakhale kunja kwabwino, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi maola awiri mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate.

M'chilimwe, chimera chimakula bwino m'mundamo, pamalo amodzi. Kawirikawiri zimabzalidwa pansi, pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, koma mukhoza kumangika miphika ndi zomera m'munda, kuziwongolera m'nthaka. Pochita izi, chemba pulawu, pansi pake yomwe imathira miyala kapena mchenga kuteteza mababu a zomera ku mphutsi. Mazirawa, akukula panthaka, amamwetsa masiku onse 7-10 - izi ndizokwanira. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse. Kukumba zomera asanafike m'dzinja chisanu.