Hydroxide potaziyamu. Chiphaso, ntchito, katundu

hydroxide potassium amatchedwanso caustic potashi, caustic potashi, hydroxide potassium hydroxide potassium ndi zambiri soda potaziyamu. dzina Latin zikumveka ngati KOH potaziyamu hydroxide. deta awo akunja ndi maonekedwe timibulu ichi chinthu popanda mtundu ndi digiri yapamwamba ya hygroscopicity. Njira amadzimadzi KOH akusonyeza wamphamvu zamchere anachita. Mwa kutsatira zimene zakulera electrolysis wa njira mankhwala enaake potaziyamu kubala kukonzekera. hydroxide potassium chifukwa katundu wake wapadera, wapeza ntchito lonse zosiyanasiyana za zochita za anthu.

Mu kugulitsa KOH ndi mu mawonekedwe a midadada yaikulu zinthu flakes amenewa, komanso mu mawonekedwe a granules, agglomerates kapena sing'anga-kakulidwe 40-50% njira. Chifukwa cha mtengo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi potaziyamu mu zikuchokera wawo sikawirikawiri monga natriesoderzhaschie. Price nkhani anakhala chifukwa kuti ntchito pa nthawi imene kufunika thupi katundu ndi mankhwala Musapereke mankhwala natriesoderzhaschie.

Ndi otetezeka kwathunthu, si flammable ndi kugonjetsedwa kotheratu kwa poyatsira zosavuta, hydroxide potaziyamu zotsatira pa thupi la munthu anafotokoza kuti mankhwala a kalasi wachiwiri. Ngozi amachititsa ingress caustic mankhwala pa nembanemba wa mucous ndipo ngakhale mu khungu anthu. Izi zingachititse kuti akuluakulu amayaka mankhwala ndi matenda aakulu khungu. Ngozi makamaka mankhwala kulowa diso.

Industrial wazolongedza hydroxide potaziyamu njira kumachitika mwa yopereka zitsulo mbiya kapena muli wapadera 100, 200 kapena 275 malita. Mu mawonekedwe olimba hydroxide potaziyamu ntchito woyera ng'oma youma pa 50-180 DM. Cu. Kupanga mankhwala flaked amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito muli ndi liners pulasitiki, komanso matumba polyethylene.

Mu Russian Chemical Technology potaziyamu hydroxide amakwaniritsa zofuna za GOST 9285-78, kuti mankhwala koyera mankhwala operekedwa ndi GOST 24363-80. Chifukwa malire yaiwisi KOH akulowa motsata okhwima muyezo CAS 1310-58-3.

Chemical neutralization anachita zimene chidulo sulfuric kuchita, kupeza hydroxide potaziyamu ndi madzi mchere amadziwika kuti aliyense kusukulu. Koma pali zinanso katundu wa KOH, zomwe zapezeka mankhwala osiyanasiyana ofunsira. Izo ntchito, kupatulapo neutralization zidulo, ngakhale mabatire zamchere, ndi catalysis, detergent, madzi kuboola, utoto, feteleza.

Popanda hydroxide potaziyamu kapena salinso amalowerera adzasowa chakudya, palibe kuyeretsa mpweya, kapena zitsulo kapena fakitale kapena asatayike. Izo ntchito mu kupanga zosiyanasiyana zipangizo organic ndi zochita kupanga, pepala, mankhwala, carbonate potassium mankhwala potassium sopo, kupanga labala.

Imodzi mwa minda wofunika kwambiri ntchito hydroxide potaziyamu ndi kupanga sopo zofewa. Detergents, mankhwala ochapira tsitsi, bulashi creams, bleaches kukonzekera ntchito KOH. ntchito ina yofunika pa nkhaniyi ndi kupereka m'ndandanda wa makampani adamfunsa salt potaziyamu.

Kupanga potaziyamu permanganate anaika ndondomeko maphatikizidwe ndi potashi caustic ndi wotsatira manganese woipa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa manganate potaziyamu analandira m'chipinda cha electrolysis lapansi. Pakuti potaziyamu dichromate angagwiritsidwe ntchito njira zofanana ndi zimene tafotokozazi. Koma nthawi amapangidwa maphatikizidwe wa finely kuuluka chromite miyala hydroxide (zina - carbonate) wa potaziyamu, kenako kukhudzana ndi asidi mu chromate analandira.

Kugwiritsa KOH caustic akhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira kwambiri pa ulimi wa osiyanasiyana mitundu, ndi ya mankhwala organic. Izo kumaonekera monga adsorbent mpweya wabwino kwa dehydrating wothandizira, chinthu ochititsa imfa ya hydroxides insoluble mu electrolyte mabatire zamchere mtundu.

Ndipo apa pali basi mndandanda mwachidule kufotokoza njira zamakono, zomwe ntchito KOH.