Icon wa St. Olga: mtengo umene uli kutsogolo kwa mapemphero ake?

"Muzu wa Orthodoxy" amatchedwa ndi anthu a Wofanana woyera wa Atumwi Mfumukazi Olga, chizindikirochi ndi m'zaka za m'ma XVI, ndi limodzi mwa akulemekezedwa mu Russia. Iye ndi mdzukulu wake woyera Prince Vladimir, kuwala pa chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu achotsedwa kugombe la Dnieper mdima wa chikunja, complementing mzake, akhala mu mbiri yathu chimake cha mzimu akuchikazi ndi makolo awo.

Kiev Prince Mkwatibwi

The mbiri yakale, lili ndi dzina la "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka", ndi woyamba zilipo zolembalemba zipilala, pamene sakutchula dzina la Mfumukazi Olga, ichi "mayi Russian wauzimu" amene fano akutionetsa lero awasungira ambiri mipingo chizindikirochi. Saint Olga kuperekedwa mu chikalata ichi ngati mkwatibwi wamng'ono Kiev Prince Igor

nthanoyi akuuza kuti a banja wakale wa akalonga Izborsk ndipo anabadwa mu 894 mu Vybuty m'mudzi ili pafupi Pskov. Panali ndi msonkhano wake woyamba ndi mkwati m'tsogolo, amene anachoka mu mtima mwake chikumbukiro cha kukongola koyera ndi zoyera, moyo pa magombe a Velikaya Mtsinje.

Kuwawa kwa umasiye oyambirira

Ndizo izo, ankafuna akwatibwi ena onse anasonkhana Kiev, pamene nthawi dzina osankhidwa ake. Ndipo anapanga mkazi wake ndi Grand Duchess wa Kievan Lazaro. Koma Olga sanapatsidwe yaitali losangalala. Nkomwe anabadwa Svyatoslav awo oyamba kubadwa anagwira wamng'ono kalonga vuto - anatenga Igor m'nkhalango kutali nkhalango imfa aukali pa manja a Drevlyane wonyenga okhala kumadera amenewo.

Chisoni, kupha wamasiye sakutonthozeka, koma chisoni sikungakuthandizeni, koma m'pofunika kuti abereke mwana, ndipo wolamulira wa dziko Russian tsopano ndekha. Zonse zothandiza tsopano kugona pa mapewa ake aakazi. Koma choyamba, azisangalatsa moyo, ndi kukumbukira wokwatiwa pafupifupi monga chiyenera kukhala, Olga pakati kulanga akupha mwamuna wake.

Iwo kokha pambuyo pake, kukhala Mkristu, iye anayamba, malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha chikhulupiriro choona kupempherera adani athu ndi kuwakhululukira. Ndiye iye anathira mwamuna wake ofunkha lonse amisala mkwiyo mdima wakunja wake. Kawiri kutikopa akazembe awo Kiev, wina analamula kuti aike moyo, pamene ena uzitenthe ndi moto. Ndipo kwambiri kwa Mlomo ndi madzi moyo wa magazi mdani, anasamukira kumuwombera wake pa mzinda Drevlyane kumene ndalama adani anapha zikwi ndinapitirira.

wolamulira wa Russia

Ayi, chithunzichi akutionetsa kachisi chizindikiro cha lero. Saint Olga anabadwa kenako kuchokera wosasintha wa Constantinople, kenako mafuko ndi anthu okhala ndi Lazaro wakale, anaonekera amphamvu komanso ankhanza wolamulira, thupi lokha mphamvu, woyenera ndi States kwambiri. Ndipo mobvutika, koma womvera kwa atumiki ake.

Anapanga kalonga wanzeru kulimbitsa mphamvu yake centralized, nagawira ufumu wake pa dziko lapansi "manda" - malo loti kazembe waika, koma aliyense wa iwo anayambitsa rents, kusonkhanitsa kuti kutumiza asilikali. Dzina "manda" ankakhulupirira kuti kubwera kwa izi "alendo" sanasiye chimanjamanja. Zinali mtengo kwa anthu, koma chuma chuma, motero phindu boma.

Ndipo akutsogolera olimba dzanja NAC anzeru wolamulira wa Russia kwathunthu mphamvu. Kukhala chuma, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo anaonekera ndi mizinda yatsopano. Iye anakula, ndipo achinyamata kalonga Svyatoslav, amene akafike m'badwo anaika Chaka chilichonse, anali kuyendetsa boma.

Kusamalira maphunziro wauzimu wa anthu

Anakumana ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha limati amphamvu kwambiri a nthawi imeneyo - Byzantium, Mfumukazi Olga anazindikira kuti si zokwanira kusamalira moyo wake zachuma ndi asilikali kwa chuma cha boma. Iye anadziwa kuti ndi moyo wamba wauzimu akhoza kuika pamodzi anthu ake ndi kukhala maziko odalirika mapangidwe mtundu.

Ambuye andithandiza kuchipanga icho mwanzeru, ndipo adasiya boma m'manja mwa mwana wake kale wamkulu, Olga walunjika zombo zambiri anapita ku Constantinople naye kuona zipatso za dziko lapansi, anabweretsa mwa chikhulupiriro, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo kuthetsa kukanikiza nkhani zamtendere ndi kuonetsera mphamvu ya usilikali.

kubadwa mwa Mzimu mu wosasintha woyera

Mu likulu la Byzantine kalonga m'maganizo chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa akachisi ndi ukulu anachita polambira. Anamvetsera ku amakopeka mpingo kuimba ndi comprehended kwa nthawi yoyamba kwa mfundo latsopano - chibvomerezo, mapemphero, mtanda ndi chizindikiro. Saint Olga anabatizidwa ndi mbadwa ya Constantinople Theophylact, ndi pa mwambo wa godfather ake anali Mfumu Constantine yekha Bogryanorodny.

Malinga ndi sacramenti ndi Mfumukazi Elena anapambana dzina mu polemekeza mfumu ya Konstantina Velikogo mayi woyera, amene anapeza Cross wa Ambuye Zoona ndi kufalitsa chikhulupiriro choona wakhala wotchuka mu boma la Roma. Limayerekezera Novokreshchenykh wolamulira wa Russia, kubwerera kwawo, iye anakhala mlaliki wa Chikhristu m'dziko la ufumu wake.

ntchito mokokomeza kunyumba

Home Mfumukazi Olga anabwera ndi zambiri zithunzi katundu ndi mabuku mapemphero. Ndi linadzagwiritsiridwa Russia ndi ansembe ena Orthodox, amene anali kulipira anthu a Kiev kwa Khristu, kupembedza mafano mpaka pamenepo. Lamulo Olga mu Kiev, pa manda a akhristu oyamba Prince Askold anamanga kachisi wa St. Nicholas, amene anaikidwa chizindikiro naye ku Constantinople.

Woyera Mfumukazi Olga wakuchitirani ntchito komanso kutamanda mu Russia Utatu. Pali miyambo, Suli kutali ndi kumudzi kwawo pa magombe a mtsinje waukulu vouchsafed kuona atatu akubwera pansi kuchokera kumwamba wowala ray ndi pa nthawi yomweyo analosera kuti malo adzamangira kachisi ulemu wa Wodalitsika Utatu ndipo m'kupita rustle mu mzinda waukulu malonda. Iye inakhazikitsidwa pa magombe a kulambira mtanda maziko kachisi amene anayambitsa ntchito yomanga Pskov.

Mofanana Kyiv O wolamulira modzipereka wanzeru anamanga mpingo wa Hagia Sophia, amene anali opatulidwira ku 960. kachisi wake wamkulu anali mtanda, amene anatidalitsa ake mu ubatizo woyera wa mabishopu ku Constantinople. Ilo linapangidwa kuchokera ku Mtengo wa Moyo Kupatsana Ambuye, kupyolera zinawululidwa zozizwitsa zambiri za machiritso.

Zamatsenga chisoni Mfumukazi

Komabe, ngakhale ola wakantha Russia kuti mupewe mdima wa chikunja ndipo illumine chikhulupiriro chikale. Mbiri inanena kuti panali boyars mwachilungamo Kiev ndi retainers, kudana nzeru ya Mulungu, ndipo anali pakati pawo Prince Svyatoslav, kukhwima ndi ndiri wamphamvu ndi nthawi mwana wa Olga.

Ziribe kanthu momwe analangiza mayi ake chikhulupiriro choona, kapena kuumirizidwa kuti abatizidwe, anapitiriza zonse apitiriza. Komabe, anthu a zoyerekeza, amene anatembenukira kwa Khristu, musalole izi ndi ena salola iwo zosangalatsa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mwana wake zapita mphamvu zonse, ndipo mayi ake achipembedzo kwathunthu odzipereka ku ntchito ya Mulungu ndi ntchito za chikondi. amchigulu yafotokozedwa yekha mu masiku pamene Svyatoslav akhala yokopa ndi retinue wake.

Zaka zomalizira za olungama

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake ankakhala mu Kiev, kulera adzukulu, mwa iwo akukula ndi m'tsogolo Baptist a Lazaro Prince Vladimir. Mokokomeza agogo anawalangiza m'chikhulupiriro, analankhula za Mulungu Mmodzi, ndipo kuti Iye analenga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, koma sanayese n'komwe kuwabatiza iwo, oopa mkwiyo wa mwana wake wa Amitundu.

Ngakhale wansembe iye anali mwamantha chinsinsi. chitonthozo iye yekha anali buku la mapemphero ndi fano. Olga Woyera mpaka masiku otsiriza a wake sanaime kuti kuwafunsa Ambuye kuti amuululire zinthu za dziko Russian. Ndipo Wamphamvuyonse anamvetsera kuchonderera ake, kuwayika kwambiri pa ake Ofanana-mdzukulu. Chimodzimodzi wolungama anaitana Yekha mu 969.

Canonization ndi churchwide kulambira

Canonization "bwana wa chikhulupiriro mu Dziko la Russia" zinachitika pa tchalitchi mu 1547. Komanso linatsimikizidwa popereka ulemu wake chilengedwe ngakhale mu nthawi chisanadze Mongol. Kuyambira akuyamba nkhani ndi iconography ake. M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti mu mbiri ya Chikhristu mwa akazi asanu canonized Sts, ulemu uwu kupereka ndi Saint Olga.

chizindikirochi, phindu limene zimaonekeratu kuchokera kwambiri kapangidwe kake ndi ugodnitsu Mulungu akugwira mu dzanja limodzi mtanda woimira kukhulupirira ena kachisi fano - chizindikiro cha ntchito ndi kufalitsa yake Amitundu m'mayiko Mkhristu. zizindikiro anthu Tingaone pa mafano ndi otungira zina za chikhulupiriro Mwachitsanzo, Wofanana Atumwi Mfumukazi Tamara.

Zizindikiro, adzalemekezedwa ndi okondedwa

Mfumukazi Olga ndi ulemu monga mayi wanga wauzimu wa anthu Russian, chifukwa kwa iwo anachokera mapangidwe ake pa njira ya chikhulupiliro cha chikhristu. akachisi osawerengeka anamangidwa mu ncindi. Ali ndi anthu ambiri kupita kukapembedza zaka moona Wofanana Atumwi wolemekezeka.

Zilibe youma otaya awo ndi m'masiku athu. Iwo amakonda kulemekezedwa kwakukulu Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha St. Olga mu Moscow mu mpingo nyumba pa ulendo Center wa Moscow Orthodox - mkulu-nyamuka likulu kachisi. Malowa ali pamtunda pansi pa hotelo chakhumi ndi chisanu, "University", tsiku lililonse akutsegula zitseko zake mazana okhulupirira amabwera kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko.

Ambiri adziwe, ndi chizindikiro cha St. Olga ku St. Petersburg, kusungidwa mu anamangidwa pomulemekeza ake kachisi ili Strelna. Izi chipilala mapulani anamangidwa mu Park St Michael pa kugombe la Gulf wa Finland, nthawi zonse amakopeka amwendamnjira ambiri ndi alendo. Ndipo onse a iwo nthawi yaitali kukumbukira fanizo la kalonga, atanyamula mtanda dzanja lake, anam'patsa kholo la Constantinople. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha Saint Olga.

Kodi kupemphera pamaso pa chithunzi ichi?

Akukhulupirira kuti amutsogolere chizindikiro cha Mfumukazi Olga amathandiza wokhulupirika phindu nzeru zokhudza moyo ndi chidzaza m'mitima yawo ndi chisomo, kotero koyenera kuti aliyense za nkhawa zathu zonse ndi mayesero a moyo. Anapanga kukweza iye pemphero kulimbitsa Russia pa chitetezo olakwa ndi pokonza mitima yawo.

Palinso milandu pochiritsa akudwala matenda okhudza ubongo adalitenga chizindikiro cha Saint Olga. Chomwe chimapangitsa izo chithunzi woyera? Iwo adzakhala olondola kunena kuti kwenikweni chirichonse, kupatula pemphero anati kuchokera mu kuya kwa mtima wake ndi odzazidwa ndi chikhulupiriro chamoyo. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, St. Olga mauta khutu zimene tapempha ndi chitetezero pamaso pa Mulungu pa ntchito yawo.

Tikudziwanso kuti akazi atavala dzina la Olga, ankatetezedwa ndi dzina la fano la St. Olga. Photos m'nkhani ino ithandiza kulenga lingaliro la iconography wa chithunzichi ndi momwe anaona mwini Nthawi osiyana.