National nkhalango Development Njira

M'malo mwa boma la Russia zachitika njira citukuko kwa 2020, wotchedwa - "Njira 2020". Iwo ankagwira kuposa Akatswiri zikwi kwa chaka, ndipo mu 2011 mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri ndi RANHiGS HSE athana ndi pulogalamu. Izi ndi Baibulo lachiwiri la chitukuko la CRA (yaitali chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha), Baibulo loyamba inatha mu 2007 ndi unduna wa Development Economic ndi mabungwe ena, ndi chitukuko zinachitikadi m'malo mwa mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia.

Njira yoyamba

Concept (Njira) nkhalango Development mu Baibulo loyamba yokonzedwa zimafotokoza kutanthauza kuonetsetsa yaitali, zisathe umoyo wa ku Russia, chitetezo cha dziko, chitukuko zazikulu za cuma, kulimbikitsa udindo wa Russia m'dera dziko. Development Filimuyi kaonedwe kuyambira mu 2008 mpaka 2020, ndipo mawu ake omaliza (CRA 2020), boma linavomereza mu November 2008.

Maonekedwe a Yachiwiri kunali koyenera pa zifukwa ziwiri. A njira citukuko Analeredwa pa nthawi imene khama kwambiri za mavuto ndi zachuma padziko lonse. Ngakhale mfundo anali anayamba, izo sizinasinthe m'mayiko onse, kokha otukuka, kumene ku Russia sanali ntchito. Komabe, munakonda strategy citukuko kugwa cha 2008, pamene mavuto adafika ku dziko lathu. Zenizeni zikusintha kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali kuti ngakhale pa nthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo postulates ake onse anali chakale.

mavuto

mavutowo kwachititsa lakuthwa kwambiri, ndi kugwa kuya kwa zizindikiro zonse azachuma, tsono ambiri mfundo Buku ngakhale gawo loyamba la CRA 2020 anatembenuka unfeasible. National nkhalango Development Njira poyamba yokutidwa nthawi kuchokera 2007 mpaka 2012. Izo zinakonzedwa ndi mapeto a nthawi ino, kukwaniritsa kuwonjezeka mu moyo amayembekezeka ndi zaka ziwiri ndi theka.

GDP ayenera kukula mwa sate-eyiti peresenti ndi kukula zokolola peresenti makumi wina. GDP ayenera kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu peresenti naintini. ndalama alipo anakonza kuonjezera peresenti makumi anayi. Pali zambiri odziwika zina, kukwaniritsa kuti mwayi konse anafika.

Chifukwa chachiwiri

Ndi chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha njira dziko citukuko mu Baibulo yoyamba mwachionekere anali ndi departmental kumene anasonyeza chakumene benchmarks onse kachulukidwe kuti ayenera zimatheka ndi 2020, makamaka m'dera lililonse. Komabe, mavuto amene kukakumana ndi anthu Russian ndi ndalama zake, ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane sanali. njira kwa kukwaniritsa cholinga chilichonse anakonza declaratively.

Mwachitsanzo: ". Iwo adzakhala anapanga anthu zochokera mlandu ndi kudalira anthu mu payekha ndi gulu mabungwe a zachuma kugawanika Social adzakhala ndichepe chifukwa mwayi ofanana amayendedwe onse a moyo ndi kuyendayenda, chikhalidwe, ndondomeko chikhalidwe kuthandiza zigawo citetezo anthu ndi kuphatikiza osamukawo." Mau amenewa akhoza mokweza yekha kulira wachabechabe mumtima mwake.

Yachiwiri

Federation Russian nkhalango Njira Development mu Baibulo wake wachiwiri anayamba mu 2011 ndi dongosolo la Nduna yayikulu. magulu Katswiri zinalengedwa kuchuluka kwa makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuphana pakati pa mayunivesite awiri - ndi HSE ndi RANHiGS mapulezidenti awo Vladimir Mau ndi Yaroslav Kuzmin. Iwo anatenga mazana angapo makani, kukambirana ndi misonkhano. Zisathe Development Njira ya Russia anayamba ku Russia ndiponso osati - oposa zana akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko athe kutenga nawo mbali popanga ndondomeko za moyo wamtsogolo wa kuleza mtima wathu Mama.

Pakati pa Russia, kuti akonze dongosolo limene ife tsopano tikukhala m'chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri, makamaka ntchito: Lev Yakobson, Evsey Gurvich, Sergei Drobyshevskiy Vladimir Gimpelson Ksenia Yudaeva, Isak Froumin, Alexander Auzan, Mikhail Blinkin ndi zambiri. Tinakumana fupipafupi, ndi zipangizo lofalitsidwa patsamba the web zoyenera "2020 Njira". misonkhano ambiri inachitika mu mode lotseguka, gulu lolipiridwa kwambiri chidwi wa atolankhani. Zisathe Development Njira ya Republic anayamba pafupifupi m'mayiko onse CIS - Kazakhstan, Belarus ndi ena.

lipoti lomaliza

Akatswiri anagawa ntchito yake mu magawo awiri. zoyambirira za 2011, mpaka August, afufuza njira chitukuko ndi miyeso zogwirizana ndi chitukuko ichi. Pambuyo pake, boma anapatsidwa mwayi lipoti wogwirizira mu masamba mazana asanu.

Komanso, mu mautumiki ndi mabungwe takambirana ndipo anatsimikiza malangizo ake kutsirizitsa chikalatacho. Lipoti linakonzedwa mu buku la tsamba mazana asanu ndi atatu makumi asanu ndi anai ndi December 2011, ndipo mu March 2012 njira choyamba pa citukuko umoyo ndi zachuma mu Baibulo latsopano linasindikizidwa (pansi pa dzina yaitali).

Tinafunsa anthu

Pa 2012, tinaphunzira choncho Pofuna kulongosola asapita kumabungwe osiyanasiyana a anthu amene akufuna opezeka "Njira 2020". Tikumbukenso kuti chikalata ichi anapezeka otsutsa kuposa mbali.

madandaulo makamaka anali akadandaule zipangizo anagonjera ndi Gulu 3 (Xenia Yudaeva, Tatyana Maleva), apanga kusintha a dongosolo penshioni, gulu la 5 (Leonid Hochberg), Seŵeroli kusintha chinawonjezeka luso, gulu 6 (Alexander Galushko SERGEY Drobyshevskiy) - pa mfundo msonkho , gulu 7 (Vladimir Gimpelson ndi ena) pa msika ntchito, ndondomeko kusamuka ndi maphunziro ntchito.

Ntchito gulu 8 (Isak Froumin Anatoly Kasprzhak) ndi kulemekeza sukulu wodzudzulidwa onse popanda yekha. Palibe anakhulupirira apeza Vladimira Nazarova ndi Pauline Kozyrevoj pa kuchepetsa lochitira ndi umphawi kuziziritsa. German Gref ndi Oleg Viyugin anatsutsa akatswiri. Ndi zina zotero. Anthu a citukuko chuma strategy si alimbikitsa pang'ono sanazichite.

nyumba

Mu "Njira 2020" chaputala twente-faifi, imene yagawidwa m'zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi. Komanso pali chikalata ichi chikalata, limene limafotokoza "zachuma mchitidwe" (kusintha bajeti feduro), mndandanda wa miyeso aliyense malangizo a chitukuko, zimenenso zinali ndemangayi akatswiri. Ndime kwa bukuli monga:

1. latsopano kukula chitsanzo.

2. Macroeconomics. zinthu zofunika kukula.

3. Social ndondomeko. likulu anthu.

4. zomangamanga. Omasuka chilengedwe, akule bwino.

5. An boma ogwira.

6. The envelopu chitukuko.

"Njira 2020" ndi kuti, ndi chimake wina kuyesa kuimika mu ngolo limodzi "ng'ombe ndi akunjenjemera Doe". Kumene, tiyenera chitsanzo latsopano kukula zachuma ndi ndondomeko chikhalidwe. chuma anali adzatse- ankamangidwanso: mkubwela zamavuto, kufunika zoweta anayamba chowongolera, ndi Baibulo loyamba la "njira" inachokera pa msinkhu wake. wolowa Russian pafupifupi mwathunthu anamanganso chifukwa cha ziletso analowa Choncho, kuganizira mtengo wakale ndi tanthauzo. Komabe, "njira 2020" amagwiritsidwanso osasunthika kulekana ndi zachitikadi zosatheka: dziko likusowa bwino chuma kwa osachepera asanu peresenti chaka, ndi sipafunika kuchiyika icho pa katundu wa zipangizo ndi reallocation chuma kudutsa m'magulu, pamene otsika dzuwa. Kodi ndikutali kuchokera ku chenicheni wathu?

mchitidwe

Ganizo zoyambirira za "Njira 2020" - kuzemba yemweyo, amene anali kulola nkhani ya zinthu poyamba makuponi a mpikisano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati. Mkulu khalidwe anthu ndi kuthekera sayansi. Komwe mwamva izo? Pakati zamanja ntchito akhala kuthamangitsidwa ndi akatswiri, chifukwa palibe mafakitale, maphunziro ziwalo ndi Russian sayansi ntchito bwino - si zabwino kwambiri - mu asilikali mafakitale komanso makampani malo, zambiri za maganizo abwino kalekale kuti ntchito kudziko lina dziko.

mfundo Social imangidwa ndi akatswiri mu njira imene kuteteza zofuna za anthuwo, anthu onyozeka simutero, ndi wosanjikiza kuti zipangizo chitukuko nzeru, mwachitsanzo, yemweyo lanthano "pakati kalasi", tizitha kusankha chitsanzo aliyense wa katundu ndi ntchito. Akatswiri ankaganiza mu chitsanzo chawo chikukwera kuchepa kufufuma, kuvomereza malamulo bajeti lina limene amalamulira ndalama bajeti (malingana ndi mtengo wa mafuta). Iwo ankaona kukula ndalama osamveka ndi oipa, ndipo ndi zimene zikuwoneka choletsa bata ndi bajeti moyenera. Kale zaka zisanu kenako zikuonekeratu kuti mfundo chikhalidwe chiri mwamtheradi akatswiri mu mbali ina ya anthu. Chilengedwe kunja sanakhaliretu poyerekezera ndi malonda zochepa aukali malonda nyengo, popanda patsogolo, malo mpikisano, mwina zisungidwe, koma osati onse.

Dziko pambuyo mafakitale

Akatswiri aona chuma chathu mwa posachedwa m'tsogolo, pambuyo mafakitale, makampani utumiki ofotokoza zimene lolunjika pa zomwe likulu anthu, ndiko kuti, ndi chuma, limene lidzakhala lofunika kwambiri mankhwala, maphunziro, TV ndi nkhani luso, ngakhale kapangidwe. Pali ndithudi mwayi mpikisano adzakhala ngati anali frittered kutali ndi underfunding zonse machitidwe onse chikhalidwe, komanso chifukwa kasamalidwe inefficient kwambiri.

"Njira 2020" Ndikufuna kuti abwezeretse ndi kulimbikitsa ubwino poyerekeza dziko lathu m'munda wa mankhwala, maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe, koma pati tsopano? chuma Anthu anthu amene akhala mpikisano, amakalamba ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano kale zoipa kwambiri. Kuchizidwa madokotala wamng'ono tsopano chabe wowopsa kuphunzira kwa aphunzitsi achinyamata pafupifupi kanthu, ndi chikhalidwe, kwambiri, palibe wabwino zachitika panobe.

zambiri kuzemba

Ndi chuma positi-mafakitale, ndipo dziko ayenera kupanga izi "zachuma mchitidwe", kutanthauza kuti kusintha zinthu zofunika pa ndalama bajeti. Akatswiri akukhulupirira 2020 adzakhala ndalama zofunikira peresenti anayi GDP zazikulu, ndi moyenera bajeti, kuchepetsa ndalama chimodzimodzi anayi pa zana m'madera a chitetezo ndi chitetezo, mu ndalamazo zida boma, komanso kuchepetsa ang'onoang'ono kwa antchito omwe siaboma. nzika wamba a Russia mu zokambirana za njira imeneyi "mchitidwe" anali akukwiya, akuitana dongosolo losasamala, ena ngakhale ntchito mawu akuti "zonyoza zimayenda".

Mulimonsemo, akatswiri anapereka sewero kuposa aliyense malangizo: ngati kukonza simuli wotakataka mokwanira - apange sewero inertial, komanso yovuta, imene zipani musati zoperewerazo imfa, ndi zambiri otukuka sewero, kusintha mulingo woyenera, pamene zofuna za magulu nawo atengedwa mu nkhani ngati kuli kotheka. Andale kusankha njira yabwino.

Akatswiri ndi maulamuliro

Pamene lipoti lotsiriza linasindikizidwa, ndi curators ntchito anawerengera thandizo chopanda malire cha maganizo zikuluzikulu pulezidenti ndi boma, ngakhale kuti kusiyana maganizo analipo poyamba. Izi ndi zowona makamaka ndi kusintha penshioni.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri mwa zinthu za "Njira 2020" kale m'gulu dongosolo la ntchito za matupi amati: ndi vuto la magalimoto ku likulu (Mlembi Mikhail Blinkin), Ministry of Finance ndi Utumiki wa Development Economic zikugwiritsa ulamuliro zachuma, amene nthawi mlingo wa ngongole anthu ndi ndalama bajeti, mwachitsanzo. Penshioni kusintha komanso amapitirira bwana "Njira 2020", chomwe ndi kukambirana udakali kwambiri maganizo. Kodi tinganene chiyani za kusintha nyumba ndi ntchito limodzi ...

konsekonse

Njira ya citukuko anthu, analongosola mu 1987 ndipo anatengedwa ndi bungwe la International, ndipo lero akusiyana maganizo kwambiri pankhani atsogoleri dziko. mawu A za kufunika kwa nkhani imeneyi anali analengeza ndi General Assembly UN. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mayiko ambiri (ndi Russia makamaka) ayamba mfundo ya chitukuko, zomwe amapereka kwa udindo wa boma ndi mabungwe owona ufulu kwa anthu ena m'tsogolo kuonetsetsa wosangalala zosowa.

mbali Geographical a njira ya citukuko anthu bodza chakuti m'pofunika kuthetsa heterogeneity ya maboma. Pofuna kukhazikitsa mfundo za udindo wa nzika za umoyo wa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo wakhala chitsanzo cha tsogolo la chitukuko, pomwe mbali zitatu chikugwirizana: chuma, chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe. Njira ya citukuko za chilengedwe Mwachitsanzo, ayenera kuyambitsa mtendere wa machitidwe zachilengedwe za padziko lapansi, kuthetsa zingasokoneze kuli anthu.