Imago - ndichiyani? Wamkulu (okhazikika) siteji ya chitukuko munthu tizilombo ndi ena arthropods

Tizilombo pa moyo wake anakumana ndi kukonzanso zakuya za nyumba kunja ndi mkati mwa thupi. Mu mawu ena, metamorphosis chibadidwe nyama zonse. Ndizo basi amatenga ndi makhalidwe chosiyana ndi omveka bwino. Post-embryonic chitukuko cha tizilombo ndi chitadutsa, kawirikawiri magawo atatu motsatizana: dzira, larva, imago. Mu mitundu yambiri pali chinthu zina: triungulin, pupa ndi zina zotero.

Malinga ndi mmene mipita ambiri tizilombo magawo kakulidwe, akhoza kupatsidwa kwa limodzi la magulu awiri akuluakulu: a tsankho kapena wathunthu kutembenuka. Choncho, ndondomeko metamorphosis ayenera ukhala ngati mmodzi mwa muyezo waukulu chifukwa gulu la.

Kuchokera m'nkhani, mudzaphunzira zinthu zofunika za magawo chitukuko cha tizilombo ndi metamorphosis wathunthu ndi chosakwanira, ndi hypermetamorphosis.

Imago - ndichiyani?

Mawu "imago" ndi lochokera Latin ndi kwenikweni likumasuliridwa kuti "njira". Mu zinyama ndi mawu otanthauza wamkulu (chomaliza) siteji ya chitukuko nyama ndi zovuta mkombero moyo (ena tizilombo arthropods). Gawo udzatha. Ndi kubwera nyama ake amatha kubereka ndi, monga ulamuliro, kuti resettlement. Imago kosamugonjera molt. Mu stepi ino, kukula kwa tizilombo arthropods kutsazikana.

Malinga wotani metamorphosis ndi khalidwe lililonse mitundu, siteji imago angayambe m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Development ndi metamorphosis chosakwanira

Chifukwa chosakwanira kutembenuka khalidwe la atatu magawo chitukuko tizilombo: dzira, larva ndi wamkulu. Mbali khalidwe la mtundu wa metamorphosis ndi kufanana kwa maonekedwe ndi akulu mphutsi, monga otsiriza, ali mouthparts, pawiri maso zowonetseredwa ndi mapiko achikalekale. Komanso, pali zambiri moyo ofanana. Mphutsi za tizilombo ndi metamorphosis chosakwanira amatchedwa nymphs.

Mtundu wa metamorphosis amapezeka Orthoptera, Tarakanov, damselflies.

Kukula kwa metamorphosis wathunthu

Pa kutembenuka zonse tizilombo ndi arthropods ndi ku magawo 4 5 chitukuko: dzira, larva, pupa ndi wamkulu. Nthawi zina n'zotheka kudziwa siteji ya prepupal. Larva Pankhaniyi kuti nsapato wamkulu pafupifupi sizikuwoneka kumvetsa izi, suffices kukumbukira mbozi gulugufe. Ndi lopanda dongosolo zovuta kwa diso, ndi zoyamba kunja mapiko ndipo kawirikawiri ali ndi mtundu wina wa mouthparts.

Kamodzi larva woona anamaliza kukula, izo zimaleka mphamvu amakhala n'kupuma ndipo inasanduka pupa a. Ndiye izo hatches ku imago lapansi. mphutsi woona ambiri m'magulu atatu: (. kafadala pansi, kafadala pamadzi ndi ena) gusenitseobraznye, vermiform (kafadala, Diptera, etc.) kampodeovidnye.

Mtundu wa metamorphosis ndi khalidwe la onse Lepidoptera (agulugufe), Coleoptera, Diptera.

Development ndi hypermetamorphosis

Njira yovuta kwambiri chitukuko cha tizilombo ndi hypermetamorphosis. Ndi khalidwe la ena kafadala (telefoni-mzati kachilomboka, Meloidae, etc.), Lacewing, ikulira ntchentche, ndi angapo Hymenoptera.

Pamene hypermetamorphosis siteji larval chitukuko tizilombo chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. Kapangidwe ndi njira ya moyo ya mphutsi za mibadwo yosiyana pali kusiyana amphamvu. Mu gawo loyamba, iwo sadya, koma mwachangu kusuntha ndi kukhazikika. Instar larva zambiri amakhala malo makamaka. Sikuti anadyetsa, komanso kukula. Nthawi zina, anasamukira ku mtundu wina ndi mzake yogwira, amafuna zosinthidwa za chamoyo. Nthawi awa, larva akukhala amodzi ndi mabasi mphamvu. A otchedwa "lozhnokukolka". Kenako, monga Mwachitsanzo, kafadala ku banja Meloidae, izo n'kukhala chidole lenileni, amene akukula imagos kachilomboka.

Features ya kapangidwe ka imago ndi

Monga tanena chomaliza chitukuko cha tizilombo ndi ena arthropods ndi imago. Kodi ndi losavuta kumva ponena kuti m'chinenero choyambirira. mawuwa likumasuliridwa mu magwero ena ngati "nkhope woona" ndiponso ndithudi iwo ali. Pa moyo wake, sinasinthe kwambiri m'kupita panthawi imeneyi pa anthu, iwo asiya njira ya chitukuko. Molting ndi kwina mitundu yambiri. Koma aliyense ulamuliro ali kuchotserapo. Choncho, mayunitsi m'munsi (thysanura, springtails neri Al.), Ngakhale mu gawo wamkulu cuticle nthawi bwererani.

Kusiyana waukulu ku wamkulu tizilombo juveniles ali motere. Amayambidwa mapiko maliseche, tinyanga zigwirizana wa nambala atathana a zigawo aumbike wina mouthparts mtundu (zambiri mosiyana ndi mphutsi za). Imago maximally ndinazolowera chilengedwe, ndipo izi zimaonekera limagwirira dziphunzitsiranso ndi zinthu zambiri structural: mbali ya dongosolo kupuma, mawonekedwe thupi, kukula kwa ziwalo, zina njira chitetezo, etc ..

Pakuti ambiri arthropods, tizilombo imeneyi - ndi pachimake pa chitukuko. Kuchotserapo anthu ochepa nkhupakupa. Ali chilichonse chimachitika zosiyana. mitundu Parasitic kusamukira mkati thupi M'mimbamo ndipo zimakhala khamu kutaya zizindikiro zawo morphological khalidwe la akulu. Zimenezi amatchedwa dezimaginizatsiya.

Age zokhudzana discoloration

Vyluplyayas ku pupa, choncho kudutsa ndi molt lomaliza gawo larval, tizilombo masamba chipolopolo wake. Kawirikawiri mtundu wapachiyambi ndi opepuka mu kamvekedwe (osati woyera ndi paler). Panthawi ina (kwa maola ochepa masabata 2-3) pigment mankhwala anasonkhanitsa ndi oxidized mwa kulankhula ndi mpweya mumlengalenga, umene cuticle darkens.

Mitundu ina ya Mwachitsanzo, ndi imago njenjete (kuti Lepidoptera) limapezeka ndi "awo" maluwa zooneka.

Kusintha kwa mtundu mwina chifukwa kusintha ena mu thupi. Choncho, m'chipululu dzombe poyamba ali ndi lachikasu wobiriwira mtundu. Pa nyengo kuswana pali kudzikundikira mu thupi la michere kugonana ndi chifukwa ofalitsidwa ndi pinki kulocha chimakwirira (onani chithunzi pamwambapa).

The moyo wa imago ndi

Kutalika kwa okhazikika sitepe chitukuko siyana amasiyana malinga mitundu. Yachidule moyo bagworm njenjete agulugufe wa banja, sachoka maminiti pang'ono chabe. Species Gawo akulu amene sakondwera masiku kuposa 2-3 (kuphatikizapo mayflies, Chironomidae) alibe chepetse chakudya ndi mouthparts.

Chiwindi angatchedwe tizilombo chikhalidwe monga nyerere ndi chiswe. chiberekero awo ndi Mfumukazi moyo kwa zaka 20 ndi 50 motero. View cicadas Magicicada septendecim yodziwika ndi 17 chaka mayendedwe amoyo, amenenso ndithu kwambiri mfundo za tizilombo.

Zimachitika mwachibadwa ndipo ndithu milandu paradoxical. Mwachitsanzo, kuti ankadziwa zonse mbawala kachilomboka (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) mu gawo wamkulu amathera masabata angapo kenako n'kufa, pamene larva wake ndiye kuti ali ndi zaka zisanu.

Nthawi zambiri, malo okhala, nakhala ndi mphutsi ndi akulu a mitundu yemweyo amasiyana mu kagawo kakang'ono zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, udzudzu. The larva ali ndi zakudya lililonse kwa mdani (zomera, mabakiteriya) ndi moyo mu madzi. Imago - zouluka tizilombo. Akazi kudya magazi a nyama peresenti, ndipo amuna - madzi ndi secretions a zomera.

Ntchito yaikulu ya siteji imago

Choncho, chomaliza moyo tizilombo ndi gawo wamkulu, chimene icho chiri, inu kale pamwambapa. Kumvetsa akamanena za mtima kuphunzira zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mlathowo n'zosavuta ndikuganiza kuti Ntchito yaikulu ya gawo lino. Mu akula mwamtheradi zamoyo zonse muchuluke, kuchita yokonza chiwerengero cha mitundu. Ngati chiwerengero cha tizilombo dzira-atagona mwa akazi kuposa chiwerengero cha amuna, ali chonde. Mwachitsanzo, mfumukazi njuchi akhoza kusiya kaye kwa nyengo mpaka mazira 1500.

siteji wamkulu n'kofunika mawu a mitundu Pamudzi. Zimenezi ntchito ndi kupezeka kwa akuluakulu anayamba mapiko ndi miyendo.

Akukhudza pa onse tanthauzo kwachilengedwenso siteji imaginal, tisaiwale kuti imago - ndi mtundu wa chiwonetsero cha njira zamoyo zinachita kugwirizana ndi kukula arthropods lapadziko ndi mtima anayamba mu wotanganidwa niches zachilengedwe.