Siteji ya chitukuko tizilombo: tsankho ndi kutembenuka zonse

chitukuko Post-embryonic, mwinamwake kudziwika poslezarodyshevym, zonse zamoyo-okhala padziko lathuli akhoza kugawidwa mu njira ziwiri: mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina. Mtundu woyamba ndi chibadidwe zokwawa, mbalame, nyama. Wangobadwa kumene kapena kutuluka kwa dzira ndi buku laling'ono la wachinyamata. Mtundu wina wa chitukuko akupezeka nsomba, achule ndi arthropods. M'nkhani ino, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo konkire, tikambirana siteji ya chitukuko cha tizilombo.

Udindo zamoyo metamorphosis ndi

Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ndi chosakwanira ndipo wathunthu metamorphosis (metamorphosis) amatipatsa zinthu kwambiri mulingo woyenera moyo wa tiana ta ndi achikulire mitundu ndi kuchepetsa mpikisano m'munsi chakudya pakati pawo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zina chakudya, ndipo facilitates resettlement mitundu zatenga osiyana malo (mpweya, nthaka madzi kapena mobisa). tizilombo metamorphosis ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa nambala yaikulu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo mu nthawi ino mu dziko (pa miliyoni). Iwo amakhala pafupifupi onse alipo niches zachilengedwe. Tizilombo ndi arthropods kalasi mtundu. Tizilombo chitukuko sitepe ndi mbali zotsatirazi: dzira (Ndisanaumbidwe chitukuko), larva, pupa, imago (chitukuko postembryonic).

Gawo mazira choyamba ndi kuvomerezedwa gawo tizilombo moyo mkombero. Iwo ali zipolopolo ochepa. Woyamba amatchedwa chorion (ali ndi ntchito zoteteza ndi makina). Mu mitundu ina, ndi zigawo zovuta la sera kapena chitin ndi wamuloŵerera. pores. Chipolopolo chachiwiri, yolk kapena serous, mwachindunji pokhudzana ndi wosabadwayo. Iwo umaperekedwa ndi yolk ndi. Mawonekedwe, mtundu ndi kukula mazira chorionic tizilombo zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, ziwala mazira kutalika ukufika 11 mm, ndi akangaude - 0,14 yekha mm. tizilombo kwambiri kuikira mazira, ngakhale palinso njira viviparous, monga Madagascar cockroach. Kuyambira dzira akutuluka larva, ndilo gawo lotsatira chitukuko tizilombo.

kutembenuka kwathunthu

Ndi mmene kwa mitundu subclass tizilombo mapiko. Asanakhale munthu wamkulu - imago, thupi anatuluka dzira, akukumana awiri moyo magawo osiyanasiyana kwathunthu: mphutsi ndi zikwa. Tizilombo, amene yodziwika ndi metamorphosis wathunthu, wotchedwa golometabolicheskimi. Zikuphatikizapo magulu a Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, ndi zina zotero D..

siteji Features amati

Iwo koposa zonse, mu dongosolo anatomical za thupi. Ambiri mphutsi kwina dongosolo ubereki. Komanso mouthparts osiyana, choncho mtundu wa chakudya. Taganizirani magawo larval chitukuko cha tizilombo ndi metamorphosis chosakwanira.

Chimodzi mwa zamoyo amakezana - atombolombo, kutchera mazira ake mu madzi madzi ubwenzi. Patapita masiku 20, ndi mitundu ina pambuyo pa miyezi 2-9 zikuoneka pronymph (prelarvae), amene amakhala masekondi ochepa, ndiye amaziralira, ndipo anapanga Naiad - weniweni atombolombo mphutsi. Iwo ali kukula yaing'ono (1.5 mm), ndi mkombero moyo, malingana ndi mtundu wa tizilombo akhoza masiku angapo zaka imodzi atatu. Larva amapha mwachangu madzi ndipo ali ndi trachea kwa kupuma, kawirikawiri limatuluka pamwamba.

Kupitiriza molt ndi kukula, iye amakwawa mmadzi pa zomera madzi umatheka ndi adziwonetsa ngati tizilombo wamkulu - atombolombo ndi mapiko zofewa ndi thupi chimakwirira. Kwa kanthawi sayenda. Chitin wosanjikiza kuphimba ikamauma tizilombo. Atombolombo amakhala timatha kuuluka. Kuti adzimvera, zotsatirazi: mphutsi za dragonflies mu osiyanasiyana malo amapereka mbali ya tizilombo izi. Onani kuti kugonana okhwima tizilombo Tombolombo ndi larva ake kufanana mu njira chakudya (onse ogwirira) ndi kupuma (matupi - trachea). kusiyana Koma ndi malo awo: imago moyo mu mlengalenga, ndi mollusks - madzi.

tizilombo mphutsi ndi metamorphosis wathunthu

The oimira kuti Lepidoptera Mwachitsanzo, agulugufe, mbozi, ndipo iwo amatchedwa ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wamkulu. Ku dzira akutuluka ndi larva, gnawing chipolopolo wake ndipo pomwepo wayamba kudya masamba ndi mbali zina za mbewu ndi zibwano zawo wamphamvu - mandibles. Thupi lake linali nyongolotsi-ngati, ali ndi mutu, atatu thoracic ndi khumi zigawo m'mimba. Zophimba Amawapatsa tsitsi - bristles. Agulugufe - tizilombo, amene yodziwika ndi kutembenuka wathunthu. Pa mlomo wa mmunsi cha larva ndi nthunzi ayironi amene amasiyanitsa chinsinsi. Congealing mu mlengalenga, ndipamene ulusi kuti amagwiritsa ntchito larva kuti chikhungwa mapangidwe. Kukhala mmenemo, ndi larva kwasanduka pupa a. Zimakhala moyo kwa masabata angapo zaka imodzi atatu, ndi Kadziwotche nymph kuti ali ndi zaka 10. Thupi lake aumbike glycerol ndi betaine - zachilengedwe zoletsa kuwuma.

gulugufe larva - tizilombo ndi kutembenuka kwathunthu, nthawi zambiri kuchucha. Last molt zolinga zawo pupation. Mitundu ina ya mphutsi tizilombo maina osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kafadala, sawflies - ndi larva, mu alleculinae ndi darkling - lozhnoprovolochnik, mollusks otchedwa mphutsi za dragonflies ndi prelarvae otchedwa nymphs awo.

ndi pupa Kodi

Izi gawo la mayendedwe amoyo tizilombo, imbaenda chitukuko cha anthu okhwima - imago. siteji Pupal yodziwika mu thupi si amphamvu ndipo akhoza kusuntha. Kuwonjezera silika, chikhungwa yomanga ndi kulimbitsa nyama zambiri ntchito particles mchenga kapena zipolopolo. Mu ufulu pupal tinyanga, miyendo ndi mapiko a akulu tsogolo la anthu ndi ufulu pafupi thupi. Zochitikazo zikwa ndi khalidwe la mitundu ya agulugufe, ladybugs, ena Diptera.

imago

Pakuti gawo lotsiriza la tizilombo chitukuko yodziwika ndi mapangidwe wa ubereki (dongosolo maliseche), ndi mbali zonse kunja chibadidwe mu mtundu uwu. Monga larva ndi imago amachita ntchito ya kufalitsa tizilombo zosiyanasiyana malo. Komanso, akulu ali ndi udindo kubalana ndi kukhala kumaliseche. Amuna, iwo amatchedwa testes ndi akazi - mazira. Palinso zopangitsa Kumvetsela secreting chinsinsi ndi copulatory ziwalo kwa mating.

M'nkhaniyi, ife anayang'ana pa siteji ya chitukuko tizilombo, ndi chitukuko mozungulira ndi chosakwanira ndipo wathunthu metamorphosis.