Kachisi blachernitissa Woyera mayi Kuzminki (Moscow)

Banja Stroganov amalonda kamodzi yosavuta Pomor wamba, 1716 kunapezeka kuti zovuta kwambiri. Nthabwala, anamaliza kumanga mpingo, makamaka anaimika chizindikirochi, kamodzi anadandaula kuti yoyamikira ndi Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich! Ndi chizindikiro ichi cha Lady Wathu Blachernae, nampatsa dzina lake kwa mpingo, kumene anapitiriza kuyambira nthawi, m'mudzi, amene anatchedwa Vlakhernskoe.

Magwero a chizindikirochi

Dzina la chizindikirochi likuchokera ku dzina la gawo la Constantinople, amene poyamba anali kachisi kachisi uyu. Pansi zothandizira mipingo yawo ake zinali osati kwa Constantinople, koma lonse la Byzantium. Mbiri ya nthawi akukamba za mmene m'chaka 626 mapemphero, anakwera pamaso chizindikirochi, Holy Amayi a Mulungu opulumutsidwa mzinda kuchokera alimbane ndi Aisiraeli. Patapita zaka zambiri, ulimo Russia, mphamvu zake zozizwitsa idzaonetseredwa pa mliri kolera mu 1830. Wasunga anthu onse Kuzminok kumene iye anali, ndipo onse okhala m'midzi yapafupi ndi matenda m'khutu.

chizindikiro ichi sanali munthu wamba. chilengedwe yake amati ndi mlaliki Luka, ndi chi mmodzi wa atumwi a Yesu Khristu. chizindikirochi anapangidwa mu mpumulo ndi luso lapadera voskomastiki. Zimaonetseratu zinali chakuti sera anawonjezera razmelchonnye zotsalira za oyera mtima. chithunzi anapanga motere akutchedwa reliquary.

Maonekedwe a chizindikirochi ku Russia

Amadziwika kuti m'zaka za m'ma V zinafika Constantinople, ndiye likulu la dziko la Chikhristu, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko - Woyera Phiri Athos. Mu 1654, a Athonite Chimonko kupita nawo ku Moscow n'kupereka mfumu achipembedzo Alexis, ndipo nayenso, mopepuka opatulika Stroganov. Pakuti chizindikirochi ndi mpingo matabwa a Dona Wathu Blachernae linamangidwa.

Koma kawirikawiri matabwa mpingo imagwera moyo wautali. mpingo uno anaima sikisitini yekha ndipo pamoto, koma chifuniro cha Mulungu chizindikiro wapatali anapulumutsidwa. Mu chaka chomwecho, popeza anapempha dalitso la bishopu akulamulira, anayamba kumanga mpingo watsopano, za mtengo, koma akhadikhira tsoka chimodzimodzi ngati poyamba. Mu 1758 chifukwa cha "moto wosweka winded," iye anafa. Koma nthawi iyi opatulika anatengedwera ku moto.

Pomanga nyumba mwala mpingo

Ndi nthawi munda moto Stroganoff banja Kuzminki wadutsa mu malo a banja la Chiwerengero Golitsyn. Mbadwa za Chilituyaniya Grand Duke Gediminas, iwo kwa zaka zakhala chamankhwala chodalirika boma. chaka chino ndi zaka mazana asanu kuchokera pamene anayamba utumiki wawo.

Chaka chotsatira, anayamba kumanga mpingo mwala pa malo pamene anaima mpingo kutenthedwa. Pangani ntchito ndi kukonzanso ntchito Earl analamula wamanga IP Zherebtsov, amenenso zikugwira redevelopment ndi kukhazikitsanso munda wonse. Iye analowa mbiri ya zomangamanga, monga nthumwi ya kalembedwe Baroque. Komanso, dzina lake amagwirizana ndi malangizo ndi, ikutchedwa oyambirira Moscow classicism. Kwa zaka zambiri kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga pa munda.

Kamangidwe mbali ya mpingo watsopano

The Mwala wa madziko wa kachisi ntchito mahatchiwo kuika mwambo mipingo Russian tetrahedral m'munsi mbali ya nyumbayi, ndipo unakula pamwamba octagonal ng'oma. Choncho tinamanga matchalitchi ambiri Russian Orthodox. matabwa octagonal belu nsanja inamangidwa pafupi. chokongoletsera onse a mpingo anapangidwa mu kalembedwe Baroque. Mu 1762, ntchitoyi inatha pa lonse, koma mapeto anabwereranso mu zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.

Kuzminki malo anali kunyada kwa silithandiza Golitsyn, ndi kusintha kwake, iwo sanalekerere ndalama. Mu 1784, anawapempha kuti wotchuka Moscow wamanga rr Kazakov, ndi mwana wa wotchuka V. I. Bazhenova, amene ankagwira naye ntchito ya Big Kremlin Palace. Iye anayamba ntchito yomanga kachisi, malinga ndi zofunikira kamangidwe ka nthawi.

kachisi

R. P. Kazakov anasintha tetrahedral yaikulu yomanga ndondomeko zozungulira, aumbike mwa mawonekedwe a ng'oma, ndi mutu pamwamba overbuilt. Pa mbali zonse zinayi za nyumbayi anali khomo ndi masitepe kukongoletsa ndi makumbi. Yothandizana wonse zikuchokera Anachotsa mwala belu nsanja. Choncho kachisi blachernitissa Woyera mayi Kuzminki anapeza zazikulu bwino.

Pa nkhondo ya 1812, kachisi kakusintha chiwonongeko ndithu. Iwo zinabedwa zinthu za mbale mpingo ndi mafano. Panali maumboni amene amafotokoza za nthawi zambiri kulemekeza zinthu zopatulika anachita asilikali French. Pa pempho la Golitsyn pa ntchito yobwezeretsa za mapulani bwino. Mu 1819 iye anali opatulidwira ankamangidwanso kwathunthu yopemphereramo wa St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Komabe, ntchito ku kachisi chinatenga angapo zaka. M'nthawi analemba za zodabwitsa nsangalabwi iconostasis ku malire izi. Pamwamba zinayenda bwino osema miyala dziko. Tinaitanidwa ku ambuye wotchuka Ural.

Pali umboni kwambiri kuti kachisi blachernitissa Woyera mayi Kuzminki zonse mu pamaso pa anthu a banja olamulira. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1828, Mfumukazi Maria Fedorovna anapereka kwa kukongoletsa zithunzi za chipini wapatali a ngale ndi diamondi. Mu 1858 m'kachisi, anafika kwa Mfumu Alexander II. Komanso, malo Kuzminki anaona nthumwi zina zambiri Nyumba ya Romanov. Kuyambira 1859 m'kachisi manda banja Golitsyn. Mu zaka zoyambirira za m'ma XX izo kachiwiri wobwezeretsedwa ndi wodzipereka.

Tsogolo la mpingo pambuyo zisinthe

Zitasintha pa blachernitissa mpingo Woyera mayi Kuzminki nawo tsoka malo ambiri olambiriramo Russia. Kwenikweni mu zaka zoyambirira za akuluakulu a boma kulibe Mulungu anagwira zamtengo zonse ndi zinthu za mbale mpingo. Pamene kachisi potsiriza anatsekedwa chizindikiro zozizwitsa anagwidwa Mpingo wa Dormition mu Vishniac, ndipo pamene anaima ntchito, chizindikirochi unasamutsidwira Tretyakov Gallery, ndalama zimene iwo likusungidwa lero. Mu 1929, m'tchalitchi anali anagwetsa, ndipo nyumbayi anamangidwanso kupitirira kuzindikira, kupanga izo mu nyumba tchuthi. Pa nthawi yonse Soviet izo munali ndi malo mafakitale, ndipo ndi thiransifoma substation, ndi makalasi. Kwathunthu penti ndi zokongoletsa stucco anawonongedwa. Ululu mtima umadzala pamene inu kuwona zithunzi za kachisi wa zaka.

kubadwanso

M'zaka zotsatira kukonzanso, ambiri Russian mipingo Orthodox chabwezedwa kwa okhulupirira. A nthawi ozindikira za mbiri yakale. Kunali koyenera kutsitsimutsa zimene makumi mwankhanza anawonongedwa. A amathandiza kwambiri mu izi, ndipo ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi osiyanasiyana mabungwe onse a dziko. Lokonza ndipo anapita m'kachisi blachernitissa Woyera mayi Kuzminki. Iye anali kutchulidwa mndandanda wa zinthu ikhalenso choyamba. Iye imayang'anira ntchito ya mmisiri EA Vorontsova. Kwa zaka zitatu omanga ndi lokonza anabwerera mpingo maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Mu 1995 wodzipereka, komanso mipingo yambiri Russian Orthodox.

Moyo wa mpingo lero

Lero, kachisi ndi yaikulu chipembedzo ndiponso chikhalidwe cha malo. Pamene akuthamanga Sande sukulu ndi sukulu ya catechesis achikulire ndi ana. Komanso, pali laibulale, chitseko ndi lotseguka kwa aliyense. Mu nyumba osiyana ndi okonzeka ndi mobatizira wosasintha akuluakulu. Ngati mipingo yambiri ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, inasanduka malo oti aliyense angathe am'dziwe ndizosowa Orthodoxy, kwa zaka zambiri, pafupifupi kutsekedwa kwa misa.