Kapangidwe anatomical a mtima wa munthu

Mtima - limba lalikulu la m'thupi. The anatomical Kapangidwe ka mtima wa munthu ndi chotero kuti kwathunthu kuonetsetsa kukhazikitsa ntchito ya lolamulila a dongosolo la kotunga magazi a chamoyo wonse.

limba ili pamtima M'mimbamo: pamtima mu mediastinum zapambuyo pamwamba pa chifundamtima. 70% ili mu mtima wa M'mimbamo thoracic kumanzere, 30% - kudzanja lamanja la sternum lapansi. Taganizirani kapangidwe ka mtima wa munthu, kuyambira makoma ake. Mtima khoma lili ndi atatu wosanjikiza dongosolo: ndi M'kati - endocardium alimbane ndi maselo za indofeliyamu; sing'anga - minofu kapena myocardium, wopangidwa mwa cardiomyocyte ndi; akunja - epicardium ndi pericardium anapanga ndi Kakhungu woonda minofu connective, pamwamba wamkati amene ali ndi mesothelium. Thupi M'mimbamo mkati anatumiza endocardium, komanso ndipamene mavavu mtima. Pericardium, limatchedwa mtima shati, amaivundikira kunja ndipo ndipamene otchedwa thumba mtima. cholinga chake chachikulu - kuchepetsa mikangano pa ntchito mtima komanso kuteteza kuti asatengere kunja. Pakati pa mapepala pericardium ali ndi danga kudula ngati wodzazidwa ndi pang'ono madzi.

mtima agawidwa ndi kugawa mu amachepetsa awiri mphako - lamanzere ndi lamanja. Aliyense theka imakhala ya atrium ndi ventricle. The theka bwino nthawi zonse magazi venous lamanzere - wolumikizira. Kapangidwe ka mtima wa munthu ndi mwazi venous konse zimasakanikirana ndi wolumikizira. Chambers lili pakati pa chabwino vavu tricuspid, mu malo kuchoka ku ventricle lamanja la mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga - valavu m'mapapo mwanga. The theka kumanzere kwa mtima pakati pa atrium ndi ventricle ndi bicuspid kapena mitral valavu, ndi kung'ambika linanena bungwe kuchokera M'mimbamo wa ventricle kumanzere - tricuspid timapepala ta kung'ambika valavu ndi kachigawo a. The makulidwe a kumanzere khoma yamitsempha yamagazi ndi yokulirapo kuposa bwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa ventricle kumanzere nthawi zonse ntchito intensively zambiri, kumasuka magazi mu msempha, chimene zina udzadutsa thupi, ndi bwino - yekha mu zotengera m'mapapo.

Mu atrium bwino magazi ndi mitsempha awiri akuluakulu, omwe amatchedwa chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi dzenje. Iwo kusonkhanitsa magazi venous kuchokera ku ziwalo zonse. The atrium kumanzere akulowa mwazi wa zinayi mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga, amene pambuyo ndende mpweya m'mapapo amakhala wolumikizira. mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga, thunthu m'mapapo mwanga amatchedwanso, mu mwazi venous amapita ku mapapo, izo adzatuluka ventricle bwino. Womwe ndi mtsinje waukulu wa msempha kupereka magazi wolumikizira wa thupi lonse, izo adzatuluka ventricle kumanzere. Kuchokera pamwamba Ndizachidziwikire kuti kapangidwe ka mtima wa munthu si wosiyana ndi mitima ena zolengedwa zoyamwitsa.

Mtima amalandira magazi kwa mitsempha awiri inatsekeratu. Anachoka mtsempha wamagazi inatsekeratu limachokera ku lamanzere kung'ambika nkusani kapena kumanzere nkusani wa Valsalva, inali 1 cm pamwamba pa mayikidwe a mavavu semilunar. Iwo ukugawa mu zapambuyo kumanzere ukutsika nthambi ndi envelopu kupereka magazi kuti mbali ya anterolateral ndi kumanzere yamitsempha yamagazi zapambuyo khoma, komanso mbali ya septum interventricular, nsonga ya mtima ndi atrium kumanzere. Kuyambira pomwe kung'ambika nkusani kapena nkusani lamanja la Valsalva zikuyamba pakali mtsempha wamagazi inatsekeratu. chotengera ichi akukamba magazi kwa myocardium wa atrium chabwino ndi ventricle bwino, mbali yaing'ono ya septum interventricular.

Mtima wa munthu, dongosolo la zomwe takambirana, amachita ntchito za automatism, conduction, excitability ndi contractility. Ntchito ya thupi ili kutsogoleredwa ndi malo mtima mwa a medulla oblongata ndi mlatho. Iwo bwanji kugunda kwa mtima, atrioventricular conduction mathamangidwe, mphamvu ya contractions mtima.

The Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa mtima wa munthu kotero kuti ntchito zake n'kofunika kupereka alternating chidule ndi kutakasuka, ndiko kuti, systole ndi diastole, kuonetsetsa kayendedwe ka magazi, ndi kuti ndi zizipezeka mpweya ndi zakudya maselo zonse za thupi.