Khalidwe chuma mtundu wa anthu a? Russia ndi zopezeka mudziko

Anthu asayansi nthawi zambiri anapeza mawu monga "zopezeka mudziko la anthu." Kodi nkhani izo nthawi zambiri ntchito? Kodi tanthauzo nkhaniyi ali kwa sayansi ndi chuma dziko chiyani? Kodi ndizodabwitsa za chuma mtundu wa anthu Russian? Kuphindula mawu amenewa, poyerekezera ndi malo osiyanasiyana?

Ovuta zida za cilamulo

M'nkhani kwambiri, mawu akuti "zopezeka mudziko la anthu" likugwirizana ndi luso nkhani. Kumene, lingaliro ili lokha angagwiritsidwe ntchito zambiri ambiri. Choncho nthawi zambiri zimachitika. Mu zopezeka mudziko akhoza kumva ngati anthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe, ndi luntha la mtundu, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo.

Komabe, akuti nthawi zambiri chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi mzake - "Information Resources". Akamanena za zodabwitsazi.

Information chuma - ndichiyani?

ndi mfundo zazikulu zosonyeza akamanena za chodabwitsa monga chuma mudziwe chiyani? Pakati pamwamba - tanthauzo potengera chiphunzitso chakuti anthu akhala osauka njira ya mapangidwe formations zosiyanasiyana zakale. Malinga ndi gulu wamba, pali chisanadze mafakitale anthu, T. E., Anthu imene moyo wa anthu thandizo m'munsi inachokera pa ntchito yamanja. Pang'onopang'ono Kutacha. Zotsatira zake zinali ndi anthu mafakitale, kumene khama lalikulu la anthu anauzidwa kuti ulimi wa chuma.

Panali mawu monga chuma "" kutanthauza kuti katundu amene angagwiritsidwe adamulowetsa ngati n'koyenera. Kwa iwo amene ali khalidwe la anthu mafakitale, asayansi amanena, monga ulamuliro, chuma, ntchito, zachilengedwe, ndi zachuma. Pali m'dziko lino, ndipo pali zopezeka mudziko la anthu. Industrial mapangidwe monga theorists asayansi chikhalidwe ndikukhulupirira kusanduka mu mfundo. Panali Nayenso lonse ndi dziko zinthu zambiri.

Pa dziko zinthu zambiri

Theorists wa anthu positi-mafakitale ankakhulupirira kuti masiku ano m'mayiko otukuka monga iwo kukula, malingana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana - zachuma, zandale, luso, - Anayamba kuona kufunika kwa chuma chokwanira, zomwe adzalola Mwachitsanzo, kuti efficiently zimafalitsa, ndondomeko ndi sitolo deta. Chifukwa, pansi pa zofuna atsopano a chikhalidwe ndi chuma m'mayiko otukuka, panali otchedwa dziko zinthu zambiri. ndi makhalidwe otani? Khalidwe chuma dziko la mapangidwe positi-mafakitale anthu?

Zikuphatikizapo, monga ulamuliro, kwa magulu a zachuma. Kuti ndi tanthauzo la zinthu zambiri zimene gwero makamaka pa msinkhu wa ntchito pa dzuwa la kupanga ndi mitundu ina zitsanzo malonda. Mwamsanga pamene chida ichi m'mayiko olemera anaonekera, inapita njira mu zigawo zowonjezera za chuma.

Msika dziko chuma mudziwe national

Theorists kulankhula msika maziko a zinthu zambiri dziko. Kodi zimachitikadi? Panopa mayiko dziko Tumizani ku zitsanzo mzake chuma zosiyanasiyana, zomwe kuchita angakhale hardware ndi mapulogalamu njira, eni luso osiyanasiyana, zojambula, ziphatso, kasamalidwe kupanga lingaliro ndi chuma, nzeru, khalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Pali nkhani yolembedwa kuti nkhani zonse zokhudza chuma mtundu wa anthu yodziwika ndi mwayi ufulu. Ndiko kuti, amaganiza kuti akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta yanu lililonse.

Choncho, chuma cha anthu positi-mafakitale, motero, monga nzeru Nawonso achichepere, ena ma aligorivimu (kuchita, ndi mapulogalamu a pakompyuta amene timagwiritsa ntchito lero), kulola kuthetsa mavuto mwamsanga. National zinthu zambiri, monga akatswiri ena amakhulupirira ayenera pamaso pa nzika za mayiko osati zochepa mtengo kusiyana ndi amene ali khalidwe la mapangidwe mafakitale. Kodi kufunika kwake yothandiza?

Kufunika kwa zinthu zambiri

Choyamba, ndi chuma chimene anthu dziko la zokhudza mtundu wa zomwe mukufuna, amatumikira monga chida cha chilengedwe cha mankhwala chikhalidwe kwambiri. Kodi Mwachitsanzo? Theorists a mtundu mudziwe akunena za anthu a malonda chilichonse digito - owona, mapulogalamu. La makhalidwe awo - malo pa yosungirako sing'anga, zamagetsi (Pankhaniyi tikulankhula zokhuza kuthekera kufala kuchokera kwa munthu wina mu uthunthu wa sanali chuma) kapena chikhalidwe - mu mawonekedwe a mabuku kapena zikalata.

Ndi zinthu zambiri za yofanana ndi mosamala azikhala ntchito. Kodi iwo akuimilira? Malinga ndi maganizo otchuka pakati theorists, mudziwe ntchito - ndi chogwira ntchito si lokhalamo anthu pofuna kuthandiza munthu zofunika kuzikwaniritsa. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za kufunika kutenga mankhwala zambiri.

Information ndi zochita zokha machitidwe

Kodi zimagwirira ntchito zothandiza, ankaikira positi-mafakitale machitidwe (amene kale yovomerezeka angapo makina)? Kodi mfundo ndi zimayenda mwa iwo?

Kuti tiyankhe mafunso amenewa, ife tikuti ndi wofufuza ochepa ku chiphunzitsochi. Kuyamba, yesetsani kuona chimene "dongosolo mudziwe". Malinga ndi ofala theorists wa postindustrial anthu kutanthauzira kwa mawu ndi capacious kwambiri. Zimakhala monga zigawo zingapo. Mmodzi wa iwo - yemweyo mudziwe dziko ndi zopezeka mudziko anthu, makhalidwe a chidapatsidwa kwa ife pamwamba. Ndiko kuti, ndi deta zambiri, chidziwitso mu mawonekedwe a zikalata ndi owona. Komanso, kachitidwe mudziwe zikuphatikizapo magulu yosungirako lakonzedwa kutsogolera mfundo ndi maganizo amagwiritsa ntchito zothandiza kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Wina chigawo mudziwe machitidwe - luso, ndi mndandanda wa njira ndi luso, deta yosungirako ndiponso pokonza. Komanso, kachitidwe mfundo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asilikali zimagwirira ntchito zofunika. hardware ichi, mapulogalamu, zida malamulo, chuma nchito, ndi zina zotero. D.

Udindo wa kachitidwe mudziwe lero

Mu chakudya cha theorists thupi limodzi mfundo dziko ndi zopezeka mudziko la anthu - Kodi maziko a kachitidwe kamakono ndondomeko kulamulira. The angagwiritsire ntchito awo, ali mawonekedwe a kachitidwe kompyuta, kuphatikizapo kulankhulana. Ntchito ya zida lakonzedwa pokonza mfundo, akatswiri amanena, ndi basi wamkulu m'mayiko lero akhale, komanso chuma mafakitale anthu mafakitale. Mphamvu chuma limati kwakukulukulu kudziwa osati, nkuti, dziko zachilengedwe, komanso nkhani.

Information ndi zamalonda

Ndi chodabwitsa mu funso n'zogwirizana, kotero kuti nkhani zachuma. Muchiyese chitsanzo cha dziko lathu. Uziyenda amakampani ano, malinga theorists, pa mlingo kuti ikukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu positi-mafakitale zimatheka pamene ntchito kokha zinthu zambiri apamwamba. Lingathe ntchito yawo yaikulu monga amene ali lililonse kwa mafakitale, mphamvu ndi maphunziro. Amadziwika kuti zonse mwa zochitika zimenezi - Russia ndi zopezeka mudziko. Ndipo kufunika pang'ono-mikangano.

Komabe, ngati inu kutsatira mfundo za theorists wa anthu positi-mafakitale, dziko lathu mwayi kusonkhezera mu dziko pokhapokha ngati kukhazikitsa njira kuonetsetsa mosazindikira kuti angathe chibadidwe mu dziko zinthu zambiri. Kodi zimenezi ziyenera kuchitidwa? Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito luso, anatchula gwero Russian dziko monga ya zachilengedwe, nzeru anthu, chikhalidwe anali wodzilemekeza ndi njira yeniyeni mumaganiza positi-mafakitale?

ndi kuthekera kwa anthu mudziwe chiyani?

Theorists amakhulupirira kuti angathe amene ali pano anthu sayenera okha luso logwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kokha. Nkofunika kuti boma lino la mlingo yoyenera sukulu sayansi amenewa anayamba ndi mabungwe zosangalatsa zomwe angathe kutsogolera latsopano kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi kuti kupereka zinthu zambiri. Tiyenera sukulu ya maphunziro a akatswiri omwe ali okonzeka kuchita izo.

National zinthu zambiri za Russia - ali, chotero, mwayi osati kwa sayansi, n'zothekanso kuchita maphunziro oyenera kuti khalidwe patsogolo methodological kapangidwe njira zothetsera kukanikiza mavuto. Only mu nkhani iyi latsopano la Russia pali mwayi kumanga, monga theorists a positi-industrialism mukukhulupirira ano mudziwe anthu. Kwenikweni, izo, malinga ndi lingaliro otchuka, mwina?

Kodi anthu mudziwe?

A ankatanthauzira limanena kuti mudziwe ndi yovomerezeka kuganizira za dera linalake limene mbali yaikulu ya nzika wotanganidwa wolandira, njira, transmits kapena masitolo yosiyanasiyana zambiri, owona, deta. Ie ukugwira ntchito yaikulu dziko gwero - zambiri, imene anthu angathandize zosangalatsa zilizonse. ndi muyezo pa chitukuko cha anthu ndi mlingo wa zambiri chiyani? Akatswiri kuyitana zitatu - kuchuluka kwa makompyuta, chitukuko maukonde, komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu akugwira ntchito IT-dera.

Chabwino, molingana akwaniritsa zimenezi, Russia anganene udindo wa dziko limene lakhala ndi mphamvu yakumangirira ndi anthu mudziwe. Russian gwero dziko ndi lowonjezera ndi dziko atakhala otchuka chimphona IT-mafakitale kukula msika Intaneti ritelo ndi zigawo zina pafupi izo (banki processing, ndi zina zotero. D.). Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti muyezo wa anthu positi-mafakitale mukhoza kutengedwa ngati luso nzika kuyenda mokoma malamulo zimene zikuyenela la mapangidwe latsopano. Izi otchedwa "mudziwe chikhalidwe".

chuma Information ndi chitukuko cha m'mayiko

Malinga ndi ena theorists, ziyembekezo za chitukuko cha limati wamakono likudalira lingaliro adzakhala anayambitsa kuimika angathe zinthu zambiri kumabungwe osiyanasiyana chuma. Chifukwa chiyani? Monga tidanena pamwamba, Chofunika kwambiri, zimene yodziwika chuma mtundu wa anthu zokhudza mfundo - adzaupereka kwa gulu zachuma. Mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha anthu ndi dziko - mphamvu ya ntchito zawo. nkhani zachuma - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa gawo ambiri amachita chidwi chuma mu funso. Solvency a boma, zokhazikika zopezera machitidwe ake kupanga ndi zitsanzo malonda zimadalira Choncho, pa ubwino wa dziko zinthu zambiri za anthu.

Kulankhulana ndi danga lonse

Choona chidwi ndi tanthauzo la mfundo za postmodern theorists formations anazindikira osati mabwalo yopapatiza maphunziro, komanso mkulu mlingo ndale. Pali zitsanzo za mapangano mayiko kumene, mu nkhope ya mayiko munthu mu dziko kuzindikira kufunika ntchito limodzi mu mapangidwe zinthu zambiri anthu ndi machitidwe ofanana. Makamaka, chiwerengero cha zikalata zimene zimasonyeza kusaina mtundu wa mapangano intergovernmental, ponena kuti mgwirizano wa masiku ano makamaka chifukwa cha khalidwe la mudziwe kuti ntchito ndi anthu - onse pa mlingo wa mayiko osiyanasiyana, ndipo mbali ya mogwirizana padziko lonse.

Information, akatswiri amakhulupirira, kuzindikira boma mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chitukuko cha chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kulamulira njira kuonetsetsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa angathe gwero chogwirizana, anakhazikitsa nyumba udindo ndi mabungwe pa mlingo boma dongosolo la mphamvu wamkulu. Ngati pangano zogwirizana yolembedwa ndi inati, amapereka kukhazikitsa miyezo zokhudza ntchito mwaphindu zinthu zogwirira ntchito zambiri, mphamvu zomanga, ncholinga kuthetsa mavuto akhoza kumatanthauza Sankhani oyang'anira zigawo wopatsidwa mphamvu ndithu.

Ndi chidwi kuti cilamulo zida, amene kuwonjezekeredwa ndi theorists wa anthu postindustrial, pafupifupi chimodzimodzi monga mu mapangano lonse. Izi zikhoza kuonetsa chakuti nkhani mfundo, zomwe ife tiganizire lero - amene bwanji zinthu zambiri mitundu, - anatengedwa wonse, ndi zambiri kapena zochepa mwapadera anamasulira pa mlingo wa mgwirizano wa mayiko. Kuphatikizapo ndi nawo Russia. Komanso ncholinga anzanga mu nkhope ya limati zosiyanasiyana panalibe kusiyana kumvetsetsa zolinga ndi zokhumba kuti wapatsidwa ntchito pamodzi, zingadziŵike mfundo imene gulu ndondomeko ya kuphatikiza a zofunika boma m'munda wa chitukuko cha lingathe zambiri anthu a akhoza kupereka. Pa zinthu yemweyo nthawi ya standardization n'zothekanso kukhazikitsa njira chitsimikizo chifukwa chakubwera zibwenzi kuonetsetsa ali ndi zida yolondola ntchito lokhazikika mu malamulo a mapangano a.

chuma Information ndi danga IT-Russian

Mchitidwe akhoza kudzitama za dziko lathu, ngati tikukamba za chitukuko cha chikhalidwe zambiri, momwe bwino ntchito zinthu zathu ziwalo, mlingo wa luso malowedwe? Pamwamba takambirana, kodi zopezeka mudziko yodziwika ndi mtundu wa anthu mudziwe - ubale ndi chuma. Kodi azimuth imeneyi yafotokozedwera Russian?

Zitsanzo kuti amapeleka mayankho ku mafunso ena mu mtsempha wosangalala, mu Russia zokwanira. Taonani kulingalira chizoloŵezichi, monga kusinthika kwa laibulale zili (mabuku, nkhani, magazini) kuchokera pa pepala mwambo kwa mtundu yadigito. Apa Russia ndi kulowa m'malo ndithu. Tili Mwachitsanzo, polojekitiyi Intaneti monga "Rukont" - ndi digito dziko gwero kumene Intaneti mukhoza kukopera mabuku, periodicals, zosiyanasiyanazo matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi zomwe zili - zomvetsera, video ndi mapulogalamu. zipata Ichi ndi laibulale yapakati-nthambi pamaziko a maganizo "KONTEKSTUM". "Rukont" - dziko digito gwero, kudziwika kwa anthu ambiri ku Russia, ndi kusinthidwa ndi magwero atsopano a chidziwitso tsiku ndi tsiku. ndiAmene ake akugwira ntchito mwakhama pa kuwongolera magwiridwe a mawonekedwe ikuchitika kuwonjezeka zonse zili amanena. gwero ali zopezera lalikulu la abwenzi, m'mene chiwerengero cha nyumba zazikulu, mayunivesite, malaibulale. Ndipo osati Russia komanso kunja.

dongosolo Buku la Catalogs pakompyuta yapangidwa Russia. Pali mungapeze mudziwe, mwina kwambiri mayina dziko lathu, mabungwe alamulo - mabizinesi, mabungwe aboma, mabungwe omwe si a phindu. Ngati ife Mwachitsanzo, ndi chidwi Foundation "Resources National", kuti mudziwe za malo izi tikhoza kupeza ngakhale imodzi Intaneti lowongolera.

Ndi kufunika IT-dera la zachuma lomwe ndi bwino komanso. Turnovers a mabungwe akuluakulu Russian m'dera lino pafupifupi mabiliyoni ambiri. Ambiri-zopangidwa dziko lathu zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndi atsogoleri mu zigawo zawo. Mu Russia, palinso mpikisano Intaneti ntchito - amadziwika gwero national kwa nzeru mail, ngakhale umodzi, yaikulu malo ochezera pa Intaneti, ali kufufuza yake engine.

Koma mlingo wa Internet malowedwe mu Russia, Chiwerengerochi ndi monzama ofanana ndi maiko olemera. Access kwa maukonde ndi, pafupifupi anthu onse a midzi, ndi kupyolera mu njira angapo. Izi basi anatumizanso lamya mauthenga, mafoni, Kanema. Choncho, mlingo wa chikhalidwe mudziwe, ife mwina ayenera sataya chimene chili mwa maiko otukuka. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi kunena kwa theorists, zimene kufotokoza zopezeka mudziko la mtundu pambuyo mafakitale anthu. Komanso, ndithudi, chinthu zachuma.