Khungu - ndichiyani? Kapangidwe ka khungu

Khungu, malinga dermatologists ambiri, ndi wa anthu limba. Kukhala angapo zigawo ndi zosiyanasiyana ntchito, atsimikize zopezera Mitsempha ndi magulu a zolandilira mitsempha kupereka n'kofunika zoteteza munthu zinthu zachilengedwe. Komanso, khungu komanso n'chofunikira kulankhula, ndi luso kulandira mauthenga chogwirika ku dziko lakunja. Tiyeni wosanjikiza chapamwamba khungu n'kofunika okha monga malire makina, phindu lake ndi lalikulu kwambiri.

General maonekedwe a khungu

Gulu kugawa, kukhwima, akufa ndi kale maselo akufa ndi khungu. Ndi chiyani icho? Izi nsalu wonse umene ali zigawo angapo amene maselo anachokera ku chiyambi chomwecho, koma anakonza mbali zosiyanasiyana malinga mlingo wa kusasitsa. The khungu ndi chotchinga woyamba wachilengedwe chonse anakumana ndi aliyense zikanavulaza thupi la chilengedwe china.

Magawo kapangidwe: zigawo za khungu

magawo Kapangidwe ka khungu - 3 zigawo kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ofunika kwambiri awa ndi dermal ndi magazi zotengera, zolandilira ndi akatumba. Komanso ili mu dermis tsitsi. Ndipo awo "kholo", komanso misomali, ndi khungu. Ndi chiyani icho? Izi wosanjikiza tentha mthupi ili pamwamba chabe dermis ndi n'chofunikira zoteteza, osati poyerekezera ndi izo, komanso lonse chamoyo. Pang'ono zakuya dermis si zofunika kwenikweni wosanjikiza wa khungu - minofu, kumene mafuta amasonkhana adipocytes.

Magawo kapangidwe ka khungu

Wosanjikiza kuya ndi woyambira amene mwathunthu lili maselo angathe kugawa. Chifukwa iwo pali kubwezeretsa maselo owonongeka komanso kubwezeretsa anataya mamba tentha mthupi. The makulidwe a melanocytes woyambira wosanjikiza ili umodzi wambirimbiri mankhwala pigment wakuda (melanin) wofunikila kutetezela ultraviolet wa khungu.

Prickly wosanjikiza ili pamwamba woyambira ndi inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mizere 3-8 maselo amoyo kale sangathe kugawikana. Iwo zolumukizidwa ndi mnzake mu protrusions cytoplasmic opatsa mawotchi mphamvu ya khungu. M'madera a khungu pansi zinthu kunja zimachitika kawirikawiri, chiwerengero cha zigawo spiny maselo ukuwonjezeka zidutswa 8-10. Mu malo awa palibe zopangitsa thukuta ndi tsitsi: phazi ndi dzanja. Ndi kuwonongeka pafupipafupi mbali zina za zigawo a khungu komanso unakhuthala kupanga callus.

Pomwepo pamwamba wosanjikiza spinous ndi granular, imene muli theka akufa maselo epidermal. organelles chawo amasiya luso kutulutsa mphamvu, koma kudziunjikira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa tonofibrils. Granular wosanjikiza wapangidwa ndi zigawo selo 1-2 kokha zochokera kufanana pamwamba khungu.

Wanzeru wosanjikiza otchedwa maselo kwathunthu wopanda organelles. Cholinga chawo - chitetezo makina a khungu ndi ikutha pang'onopang'ono, kuwonongeka kwa stratum corneum. The yamasika zikundiyendera. Ndi osakaniza maselo akufa wazikang'a, amene chotchinga kwambiri zinthu tizilombo.

Ntchito ya maselo epidermal

Ntchito yaikulu ya khungu ndi chilengedwe cha mawotchi, thupi, kwachilengedwenso ndi mankhwala zotchinga delimiting chilengedwe mkati ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angathe ndi enieni. Koma si udindo onse ankaimba ndi khungu. Kodi izo, ndi momwe monga anafotokoza?

• Choyamba, pamwamba wosanjikiza delimits chilengedwe cha thupi ndi kunja dziko kuteteza thupi ndi kuteteza kutayikira zinthu zofunika ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu.
• Kachiwiri, chabwino dengalo likuteteza khungu ndi ionizing corpuscular ndi funde cheza cha mphamvu otsika, ndi thupi moyang'ana tsiku.
• Chachitatu, khungu khungu - wabwino mankhwala chotchinga kupewa malowedwe ndi mayamwidwe zinthu hydrophilic. Ndipo lipophilic (mafuta-sungunuka) iwo ali anaphatikizana.
• Ndipo pomalizira pa mndandanda, koma n'kofunika ntchito - chitetezo kwachilengedwenso. Pali pang'ono kwambiri mabakiteriya ndi bowa kuti akhoza kupatsira anthu kudzera pakhungu. Kuweta udindo woteteza ndi ankaimba ndi khungu. Ndi chiyani icho? Izi ndi zabwino makina chotchinga chabe salola kuti HIV, tizilombo, bowa kapena tiziromboti mu thupi, kuchititsa kutupa uko.

Popanda melanocytes ndi maselo akufa a ntchito khungu sizinachitike akuyendera. maselo zaminyewa zinthu monga malire makina, ndipo melanocytes - kuwala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti cuticle amateteza kuwonongeka ndi evaporation wa madzi, maselo pigment - kuchokera cheza ultraviolet. Zonsezi walola munthu kuti azolowere zinthu zimene zimachitika mu dziko yachibadwa. Ndipotu khungu walola chitukuko cha chamoyo kuchokera munthu kusintha, kuchokera mmadzi ndi kugonjetsa dziko.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa khungu

zigawo zonse za khungu phylogenetically kusanduka potipatsa ntchito zina. The khungu ndi dermis lakonzedwa kuti adziteteze zotsatira makina, thupi ndi mankhwala. Iwo anafunika kuchepetsa imfa ya madzimadzi lomwe mukhoza asanduke nthunzi pamwamba pake pokhapokha katulutsidwe wa zopangitsa thukuta. njira ina kwa thupi madzimadzi kutayikira m'thupi kudzera pakhungu lilipo.

Ngati tikulingalira khungu ku mfundo zodzikongoletsera maganizo, zoonekeratu ndi mfundo zotsatirazi. Izi wosanjikiza khungu sangakhale ndi makwinya ndi mabala, palibe Mitsempha. Izo zoyendetsedwa ndi mayamwidwe zinthu kuchokera mtsempha wa dermis wa khungu. Choncho mavuto ake okha zodzikongoletsera izi: hyperkeratosis (unakhuthala khungu zigawo) ndi khungu khungu. Kuthana ndi zinthu zimenezi, ndipo psoriasis, ndi chithandizo amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zodzoladzola.

Kudwala wa khungu ndi melanocyte

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda amene angathe kuvutika khungu. Kodi ndi mmene limati deta ndi kuwonetseredwa, kuwerenga m'munsimu. Woyamba gulu - matenda kucheza ndi anthu chulutsa epidermal woyambira maselo wosanjikiza. nthendayo imatchedwa psoriasis. Palinso kobadwa nako chikhalidwe - ichthyosis, imene mwana kale anabadwa ndi hyperkeratosis ndipo si yotheka. Gulu lachiwiri la matenda a khungu - chotupa. Kuyambira khungu angathe kwatuluka chiphuphu chakhansa ndi khansa. Yotsirizira limachokera ku melanocytes.