Kiev: kumasulidwa kwa mzinda kuchokera ankhondowo Nazi (1943)

Chofunika, kodi tsiku November 6, 1943 - kumasulidwa kwa Kiev. Pa tsiku limeneli, panali chochitika chimene ndi bated mpweya kuyembekezera okhala mumzinda uwu wakale. Lero, pamene mbiri lachibadwa anasintha ndipo mwachangu zagwiridwa ndi maonekedwe atsopano pa ndikofunikira kudziwa zoona zokhudza zochitika pa zaka zonsezi. Makamaka, anthu onse amene amakayikira ungwazi chiyamiko amene anali kumasulidwa kwa Kiev (1943), ayenera kukumbutsidwa milandu Nazi.

Ngakhale zosavuta kuganizira zimene mwina chifukwa cha mavuto a kukhalabe mu mzinda asilikali a ulamuliro wa Hitler, pamene zaka ziwiri imene mu Babi Yar anawomberedwa wamba 100 zikwi, anthu amagwa 180 zikwi, ndi 150 zikwi okhala Soviet Ukraine anali anatumiza kwawo ntchito mu Germany.

Zinaliri poyamba kutsogolo kumayambiriro kwa November 1943

August 26 anayamba kumenyana ndi Dnepr, amene anatsatira limodzi la ntchito wotchuka m'mbiri ya nkhondo - nkhondo pa za Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi. asilikali Soviet anali kukakamiza limam'chititsa madzi chopinga, kumadzulo gombe amene anasanduka mu Wehrmacht mu mzere wamphamvu kumbuyo linkadziwika kuti "East Wall". Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko la Germany anali kuyembekezera asilikali Soviet kuyamba ndi tiponye chisanu ndi kuwoloka Dnieper pambuyo ayezi anapereka kwa izo.

Chifukwa cha kupambana nagonjetsa wa Red linalanda ndi bridgehead pa gombe lamanja la Dnieper ndipo anapita kwa mtsinje kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa Kiev. Choncho zinalengedwa ndi prerequisites kwa amphamvu yophukira zolawula.

Kumasulidwa kwa Kiev kwa adani lopondereza: Kukonzekera kwa opareshoni

Poyamba Choyamba Chiyukireniya lamulo (Eks Voronezh) kutsogolo presupposed ntchito ziwiri basi pini. Chief mwa iwo anali kuti zagwiridwa ndi Bukrin bridgehead, ili 80 kuchokera kum'mwera kwa mzinda wa Kiev, ndi wothandiza - kuchokera kumpoto. Malinga ndi dongosolo, mu October anayesa kawiri konse kuti kuukira. Komabe, nthawi zonse akumenya ndi Burkinskiy malangizo analephera, koma anawonjezera bridgehead, amene anali m'dera kumpoto kwa Kiev Lyutezh. Chinthu chimene chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuukira komaliza, cholinga chimene anali kukhala kumasulidwa kwa Kiev. Pa nthawi yomweyo asilikali pa bridgehead Burkinskiy akulangizidwa "zomangira" ngati kuli kotheka magulu ankhondo Wehrmacht, ndipo ngati mikhalidwe yabwino - kugumula kutsogolo ndi kuyamba kupitabe patsogolo. kuyesera abale akewo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cholinga ichi. Makamaka, kuti mdani sanadziwe kulanda 3 alonda thanki Army, Bukrin bridgehead magalimoto oti muli nazo zida m'malo mwa zitsanzo, amene anali kusocheretsa oyendetsa mdani kuuluka reconnaissance sorties.

Adani pamaso kumenyana Kiev

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa November mu Red Army m'dera Kiev wakhala utumiki mifuti 7000 ndi mortars, ndege 700 ndi 675 akasinja ndi mfuti kudziletsa injini. Nambala yomweyo ozimitsa ndi zoponya mabomba anali mdani. Komabe, chiwerengero cha mfuti ndi mabomba ochita ndi akasinja mu Red Army anali ndi mwayi pang'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuphimba mzinda pa lamulo kumpoto German analamula yomanga mizere 3 zokhalamo chitetezo, kukhalapo kwa zomwe kwambiri kulepheretsa gulu la asilikali athu.

Kumasulidwa kwa Kiev (1943): The gawo loyamba la ntchito ya

Yambani nagonjetsa anapatsidwa m'mawa wa 3 November. Choyamba, wamphamvu zida zankhondo kukonzekera, kenako nkhonya kumadzulo, anyalanyaza Kiev unachitikira. Iwo wopereka 60 ndi 38 Army mothandizidwa ndi magulu ankhondo Chachisanu alonda thanki Corps. Unagunda msonkhano weniweni mpweya nkhondo imene anawomberedwa pansi 31 mdani ndege, ndipo aces onse Soviet anapanga 1150 sorties. Aukali kumenyana pansi. Chifukwa, pa mapeto a tsiku kunapezeka kuti amenye wathu mphamvu anasamukira lonse kutsogolo pa mtunda wa 5 kuti 12 Km.

Events November 4, 1943

Kyiv kumasulidwa anali penapake kuchedwa chifukwa nyengo siili bwino. mfundo ndi yakuti masana pa November 4 drizzling mvula. Kuti azigwirizana kuthamanga pomenyana asilikali Soviet kunkhondo woyamba unayamba alonda apakavalo Corps ndi nkhokwe, kuphatikizapo woyamba Czechoslovak Brigade, molamulidwa ndi L. Svoboda. Komanso, madzulo mu zolawula, amene anapitiriza usiku nawo mayunitsi wa Chachitatu alonda thanki Army, analankhula pa adzitengere ulamuliro timafalitsa chipwirikiti pakati pa asilikali German.

November 5

Wina m'mawa Soviet akasinja anabwera Svyatoshino ndi oletsedwa pa msewu wolumikiza Kiev kuti Zhitomir, potero kudula gulu Kiev a magulu otsala a Nazi. tsiku lonse panali kukangana nawo oyenda pa, zida zankhondo, ndege ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, zimene adani zowawa agonje kwambiri ndi anakakamizika abwerere.

November 6

Pomaliza, asilikali Soviet analowa Kiev usiku. Kumasulidwa kwa mzinda zinachitika m'malo mofulumira, monga Red Flag anaukitsidwa pa izo mu maora 00 ndi mphindi 30, ndi 4 koloko m'mawa mu mzinda wa chowomberedwa ndi mfuti potsiriza zinaleka.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, anapeza kuti asilikali a Choyamba Chiyukireniya Front anagonjetsa thanki 2, magawano 9 oyenda ndi chimodzi Moto magawano.

Mapeto a ntchito

Chiyambireni cha November lamulo la gulu German wa makamu "South" anakonza counterattack m'dera Krivoy Rog, Nikopol ndi Apostolovo, icho sichikanakhoza unkachitira likulu la Soviet Ukraine, nkhokwe zake, anapereka oti muli nazo zida ndi Moto magawano. chochitika ichi anafulumira kumasulidwa kwa Kiev ku Anazi, ndipo pa 7 November asilikali a Choyamba Chiyukireniya Front anakwanitsa kumasula kumzinda wa Fastow. Komabe, pa November 10-11, mothandizidwa mayunitsi German anafika kwa chithandizo cha kuthawa asilikali Wehrmacht, nayamba woyamba kwambiri m'mizinda German. Komabe, patangotha sabata imodzi (13 November) linatulutsidwa Zhitomir. Kuukira anali amphamvu kuti mbali ya chiwiri Army Corps Wehrmacht unatha abwerere, kokha kufika 50 kukafika kum'mwera kwa Kiev. Mu 13 ili ndi 60 Army ku mapeto a November anafika mzere kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch ndi Yelsk.

Pamene dziko mukondwerera chigonjetso cha

Kumasulidwa kwa Kiev ku Nazi (tsiku: November 6, 1943) padabwera anthu Soviet ndi lingaliro la chimwemwe chachikulu. Pa nthawiyi, mu Moscow Ine anapatsidwa sawatcha 24 volleys. Panapita mbiri chiwerengero cha mfuti nawo.

Pakuti mtima kwapadera ndi ungwazi kunkhondo, zomwe zinachititsa anamasulidwa Kiev, malangizo ndi mendulo ya 17 500 anthu akhala kupereka. Ena mwa iwo anali mkulu ndi asilikali 139 a Choyamba Czechoslovak brigade. Pankhani unit asilikali, ndi mbendera ake Ufumuyo dongosolo la Suvorov digiri yachiwiri. Komanso, m'madera 65 ya Soviet ndi mankhwala anapatsidwa Lemekezani pano Kiev. Pakati pawo, asilikali molamulidwa ndi msilikali General K. Moskalenko, mkulu-General Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky ndi Major General P. Korol'kova.

zotsatira

Kiev Kumasuka (Date: November 6, 1943) inali yofunika zoopsa zimene zikuchitika ku Great kukonda dziko lako amadzibisa nkhondo. Pa ntchito ndi asilikali a Soviet Union anagonjetsa oyenda zisanu ndi zinayi, chimodzi ainjini ndi awiri magulu oti muli nazo zida za Wehrmacht anabweranso n'kudzapha anawononga akasinja 600 1,200 mfuti mortars, komanso ndege 90. ndi bridgehead zofunika m'mphepete mwa Dnieper 230 Km yaitali mpaka kukafika ku 145 mwakuya, lomwe kenako anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu nkhondo yomasulira ya kumanja Bank Ukraine analengedwa. Komanso, lamulo Soviet anatha kusokoneza akazembe German okonzeka counterattack m'dera Kirovograd.

miscalculations

atsogoleri Soviet, anaganizira ndiponso anagwira ntchito, zomwe zinachititsa anamasulidwa Kiev, kuti zavomerezedwa zinthu zolakwika. Makamaka ngati mayunitsi patsogolo wa Red Army analephera kuononga mdani mphamvu yaikulu pambuyo November 15, anatha potsimikizira-kuukira, ndipo mpaka 22 December asilikali athu analephera kukwaniritsa patsogolo kwambiri gawo lino.

ovulala

Anafa pa onsewo chikumenyana anafika zikwi zingapo. Makamaka Chiwerengerochi zotsatirazi kuperekedwa ku historiography Soviet pofotokoza Red Army zomvetsa: anthu 6491 anaphedwa, 24 078 - anavulala. Koma asilikali a Wehrmacht, asilikali 389 anaphedwa ndi wovulazidwa 3018.

Anayankha womkanikizawo

Kumasulidwa kwa Kiev ndi kupambana kwa asilikali a Soviet mu kumanja Bank Ukraine anachititsa kumveka lonse. Makamaka chidwi anali nkhani za mu English ndi atolankhani American ankaona chochitika monga kugonjetsedwa ndi yaikulu ya ulamuliro wa Hitler. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti la wotchuka Radio London inafotokoza kuti pamene asilikali a Wehrmacht wotanganidwa Kiev, dziko la Germany monyadira kuti sakhala patali kugonjetsedwa onse a Red Army mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa, ndipo pambuyo kumasulidwa likulu la Ukraine kale Germany wokha anayamba kumva kulira belu maliro.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe anali kumasulidwa kwa Kiev, komanso zomwe zinali zomvetsa pamagulu chikumenyana ndi zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi zimakhudza njira zina za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.