Kievan Yairo: maphunziro ndi mbiri

Kievan Lazaro - wosiyana chodabwitsa cha mbiri akale European. Agwilitse mwachirengedwe wapakatikati pakati pa chitukuko cha Kummawa ndi Kumadzulo, chakhala malo ofunika kwambiri a ojambula mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe ndipo anapanga osati kokha pamaziko a eni kudzidalira, komanso chikoka zofunika kwa anthu oyandikana nawo.

Mapangidwe mapangano fuko

State Education Kievan Lazaro ndi chiyambi cha mapangidwe anthu amakono Asilavo mizu pa nthawi imene madera ambiri a kum'mawa ndi South-East Europe akuyamba Great Ataliatali wa Asilavo, chimene chinafika mpaka mapeto a VII atumwi. Single pamaso pa khamu Asilavo pang'onopang'ono limaphwasuka kusandulika mu kum'mawa, kumadzulo, kum'mwera ndi kumpoto mabungwe Asilavo mafuko. Pakati pa TH ine. Mu gawo la Ukraine ano wakhalapo Antsky ndi Sklavinsky Union of mafuko Asilavo. Pambuyo smashing m'nthawi V BC fuko la Huns ndipo mofulumira yomaliza ya Western Roma Nyerere Union anayamba amathandiza kwambiri ku Eastern Europe. Nkhondo ya mafuko Avar sanapereke mgwirizano uwu unakhazikitsidwa mu boma, koma m'kati mapangidwe statehood sichinayambe ndinayima. mafuko Asilavo ankalankhula m'mayiko ena ndi kuyanjana kulenga mapangano atsopano a mafuko.

Poyamba, pali kanthawi, wamba mgwirizano wa mafuko - kwa nkhondo kapena chitetezo anansi oipa ndi wongosamukasamuka. Pang'onopang'ono kucheza aliyense ndi chikhalidwe ofanana ndi moyo wa mafuko oyandikana. Pomaliza, gulu anapanga Kupititsa protogosudarstvennyh mtundu - m'dziko ndi maukulu amene kenako zinachititsa kuti ndondomeko monga mapangidwe boma Kiev Russ.

Mwachidule, zikuchokera mafuko Asilavo

m'masukulu ambiri mbiri masiku ano zikugwirizana ndi maganizo chiyambi cha anthu Chirasha, Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi kuti kugwa kwa lalikulu Asilavo anthu ethnically cohesive ndi zikamera wa mapangidwe latsopano chikhalidwe - mafuko mgwirizano. The mgwirizano mwapang'onopang'ono mafuko Asilavo wafunsira boma la Kievan Lazaro. maphunziro State anali inapita patsogolo pa mapeto a VIII atumwi. Pa gawo limodzi la Mphamvu za tsogolo la mapangano asanu ndale inakhazikitsidwa: dulibov, Drevlyane, Croatia glades, Ulichi, Tivertsy, siveryan. Munthu woyamba adadza Dulibsky Union, akulumikiza mafuko omwe alipo m'dera la distilikiti. Gorin mu East ndi West. Cholakwika. The yabwino kwambiri udindo Hrs anali glades fuko imene gawo pakati Dnieper Mtsinje. Black grouse mu kumpoto kwa mtsinje. Irpen ndi ros kum'mwera. Mapangidwe boma lakale la Kievan Lazaro zinachitika m'mayiko a mafuko awa.

Zikamera wa zoyamba za boma

Zikhalidwe za mapangidwe mapangano mafuko anakula kufunika zankhondo ndiponso zandale. Ambiri anagwira pa nkhondo kupanga n'kukagwiritsa atsogoleri a mafuko ndi zigawenga - zida asilikali akatswiri akutumikira atsogoleri kwa amalipiritsa. Iwo ankasewera ndi misonkhano mbali yofunika ya anthu aufulu, ankhondo kapena malipiro wowerengeka (Komiti), zomwe zochimwazo kumathetsa nkhani yofunika boma komanso boma. Kodi anapatukana mu wosanjikiza wa utsogoleri mafuko manja a mphamvu kwambiri. The zikuchokera wosanjikiza uyu wopangidwa ndi boyars - alangizi ndi zoyerekeza kalonga, Akalonga ndi retainers awo.

Kudzipatula Polyansky Union

Makamaka kwambiri anthu ndondomeko maphunziro zikuchitika pa nthaka Polanski maukulu mafuko. Izo zidakula mtengo wa Kiev - likulu lake. Mphamvu wamkulu ukulu wa ndi mbadwa ya Polyansky Prince Kyi.

Pakati VIII ndi IX CC. mu ukulu wa apanga weniweni preconditions ndale kwa zikamera pa maziko woyamba zake boma Asilavo, amene analandiranso dzina la Kievan Lazaro.

Maphunziro dzina la "Lazaro"

Funso lakuti "Kodi apita dziko Russian", woperekedwa ndi mbiri Nestor, sanapeze yankho lomveka bwino lero. Lero, mfundo zingapo sayansi za chiyambi cha dzina la "Lazaro" ndi ofala pakati azambiriyakale, "Kievan Lazaro". Mapangidwe mawuwa akulimba zozama zapitazi. Monzama kulankhula, mawu awa ntchito za madera onse East Asilavo mu yopapatiza - amaganizira yekha Kiev, Chernigov ndi Pereiaslav dziko. Mwa mafuko Asilavo, maina awa ochuluka ndiponso molimba mu maina osiyanasiyana kumalo. Mwachitsanzo, mayina a mitsinje - matayala. Ros, neri Al. Yemweyo mayina Asilavo anthu amene anatenga udindo waukulu pa sing'anga m'mayiko Naddniprianshchyna. Malinga ndi asayansi, dzina la mmodzi wa mafuko, amene anali gawo la Union Polanski anali mame kapena Russes, ndipo kenako basi kunsonga ya mgwirizano woti ukhoza Polyansky anayamba kudzitchula Russ. M'zaka za m'ma IX inathera ndi mapangidwe boma wakale Russian. Kievan Yairo kolengedwa.

Dera la kummawa Asilavo

Mwachirengedwe, mabanja onse ankakhala mu nkhalango kapena nkhalango. m'madera zachilengedwe ankalemekeza pa chitukuko cha chuma ndi chitetezo cha moyo. Zinali m'ma M'madera a zitunda, nkhalango ndi nkhalango anayamba mapangidwe a boma la Kievan Lazaro.

Makonzedwe onse a gulu kum'mwera kwa mafuko Asilavo kwambiri bwanji chikhalidwe cha ubale wawo ndi anthu oyandikana ndi mayiko. Dera la okhala Lazaro wakale inali pa malire pakati East ndi West. mayiko amenewa zili pa mphambano za njira zakale ndi zamalonda. Koma mwatsoka, malo awa anali otseguka ndipo mosadziteteza zopinga zachilengedwe, zomwe zimachititsa kuti atenge kuti incursions ndi kuukira.

Relations ndi anansi

Pa VII- VIII zaka. kuopseza waukulu am'deralo anali anthu mlendo wa East ndi South. Zofunika makamaka pa maphunziro anali Khazar Khanate - boma amphamvu, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha kumpoto Black Sea ndi Crimea. Mwachibale kwa Asilavo Khazars ife anatenga mochititsa aukali. Choyamba, iwo woyikidwa msonkho ndi Vyatichi siveryan, ndipo kenako - ndipo munda. Kulimbana ndi Khazars chinathandiza kugwirizana kwa mafuko Polanski mgwirizano mafuko, amene ankagulitsa, ndipo anamenyana ndi Khazars. Mwina chifukwa cha Khazars kwa Asilavo anawoloka mutu mbuye - Hagan.

Anali ofunika kwambiri asapita wa Asilavo mafuko ndi Byzantium. Mobwerezabwereza akalonga Asilavo kumenyana ndi malonda ndi ufumu wamphamvu, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale adalowa mapangano ake ankhondo. Mu kumadzulo kwa East Asilavo anthu anakhalabe kugona ndi Slovaks, Zitsulo Czechs.

Mapangidwe a boma la Kievan Lazaro

chitukuko Political Polyansky ulamuliro zinachititsa kuti zikamera kumayambiriro kwa zaka VIII-IX, maphunziro anthu, yomwe kenako anasankha dzina "Lazaro". Monga likulu la mphamvu atsopano anayamba Kiev, olemba mbiri XIX-XX Art. Iwo anayamba kuitana ake "Kievan Lazaro". maphunziro dziko linayamba mu Middle Dnieper, komwe ankakhala drevlyans, siveryane ndi kudula.

Wolamulira wa Russia anali mutu wa Kagan (Haka) anakongola Russian Grand Duke. N'zoonekeratu kuti udindo akanangokhoza kuvala Ambuye, amene ndi udindo wawo pamwamba Prince mafuko mgwirizano. Kulimbikitsa boma latsopano anasonyeza ntchito yake yogwira asilikali. Kumapeto kwa VIII mu. Russ anatsogolera Polyansky Prince Bravlin anaukira Crimea gombe, ndipo analanda writhing Surozh ndi Korsun. Mu 838 ya Lazaro anafika ku Byzantium. Choncho linaperekedwa asapita zamtendere ndi ufumu kum'mawa. Education East Asilavo boma la Kievan Yairo anali chochitika chachikulu. Iye anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa mitundu yamphamvu nthawi zambiri.

Akalonga loyamba Kievan Lazaro

Analamulira ku Russia oimira Kievich mafumu, monga abale Askold ndi Dir. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, iwo anali co-olamulira, mwina poyamba analamulira Deer, ndiyeno - Askold. Masiku amenewo, pa Dnieper pali squads cha Normandy - asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda, Danes, Norwegians. Iwo Pofuna kuteteza zamalonda ndi monga aganyu pa kuukira. Mu 860 Askold, wakuti asilikali 6-8 zikwi. Man, anatengeka Kostantinopol kampeni nyanja. Kukhala Byzantium, Askold za chipembedzo watsopano - Christianity, anabatizidwa, ndipo anayesera kubweretsa chipembedzo chatsopano, amene angatenge Kievan Lazaro. Maphunziro, mbiri ya dziko latsopano anayamba kumva chikoka akatswiri Byzantine ndi anzeru. Wa Russian Ufumu m'dziko tinaitanidwa ansembe ndi mapulani. Koma izi Askold miyeso sanam'bweretsere bwino kwambiri - pakati otchuka ndi anthu wamba anali akadali mphamvu ya chikunja. Choncho, Christianity anabwera mochedwa mu Kievan Lazaro.

Mapangidwe boma latsopano kufotokoza chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano mu mbiri ya kum'mawa Asilavo - nyengo ya anthu ndale moyo zonse kunachitika.