Kodi chithokomiro ndi chiwalo? Ntchito ndi matenda a chithokomiro

Chithokomiro limabweretsa gulu la matupi yoyipa kwambiri pa chamoyo wonse. Choncho, matenda aliwonse ndi mavuto aakulu, monga mmene zinalili wa kunyalanyaza chithandizo ngakhale kulumala kapena zotsatira amapha. Popeza mfundo imeneyi, m'pofunika kufufuza zotheka matenda a chithokomiro England zinchito.

chithokomiro Kodi

Ichi ndi chiwalo chofunika wa zopangitsa za endocrine. Monga ntchito yake yaikulu kudziwa timadzi moti chifukwa tikukonza khola la ndondomeko homeostasis. Popanda ntchito lathunthu la chamoyo wonse sizingatheke.

Ndi chithokomiro England mu makona kutsogolo kwa khosi njanjira pamwamba m'munsi mwa mandible ndi munsimu - ndi jugular mphako ya sternum, ndi mbali - m'mbali kutsogolo kwa lamanzere ndi lamanja sternocleidomastoid minofu. Monga anthu kukula malo thupi angasinthe penapake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ana chitsulo chili pa mlingo wa chithokomiro chichereŵechereŵe, anthu pa m'badwo iye anatsitsa kwambiri pansipa (ndi mu malo oterowo kuti thupi ndipamene otchedwa sternal khosi lotupa).

Magawo ndi zikuchokera

Mabele England - thupi lopangidwa lobes awiri ndi Korinto. Pereshek yokha mwachindunji kutsogolo padziko trachea a. Koma gawo la pafupi lamanzere ndi lamanja mbali. Nthawi zina kupezeka chidwi zina kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe pyramidal.

Dziwani kuti chithokomiro England - ndi mchitidwe waukulu wa dongosolo endocrine. Pa nthawi yomweyo lake lamanja Lobe lalikulu kuposa kumanzere, ndipo amakhala ndi vascularization zambiri. Ponena za chithokomiro kunenepa, kawirikawiri ranges ku magalamu 20 60. Ndipo chithunzi ichi kumawonjezera pa unamwali ndipo amachepetsa ndi isanayambike ukalamba.

Chidwi n'chakuti mabele England mu akazi zosakwana amuna, ngakhale pa mimba amakhala akuluakulu. Komanso mu thupi ili, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa perfused, yodziwika polumikiza chakunja ndipo mkati kapisozi. Ndi kapisozi akunja ali amagwira ntchito mu mapangidwe Mitsemphayi, chofunika kukonza England pa trachea ndi m'phuno.

The ndondomeko ya kotunga magazi

Mabele England - thupi limene kumaliza ntchito kwambiri kuchuluka kwa magazi zofunika. Ndi chifukwa chake iye ali ndi venous yaikulu ndi machitidwe wolumikizira otukuka. Ngati Tikayerekeza kukula otaya mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi, chithokomiro yomweyo kudzakhala nthawi 50 wamphamvu kuposa ulusi minofu. chiwerengerochi kuwonjezera kwambiri mu mwambo matenda amene anatsagana ndi kuchuluka kumasulidwa mahomoni.

magazi mu chithokomiro England ikuchitika mwa awiri chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mitsempha chithokomiro, zomwe ndi pakati pa iwo anastomoses. Phunzirani kutulutsa magazi ndi lymph ndi chifukwa ntchito yogwira kachitidwe venous ndi lymphatic. Mu nkhani ya zinthu pathological ya chithokomiro komanso mabele popatsana linanena bungwe tireoblokiruyuschie immunoglobulins ndi chitetezo antithyroid.

Innervation ya chithokomiro England wapangidwa zikomo zotheka kuti nthambi ya mitsempha vagus ndi nthambi ya ganglia khomo lachiberekero.

timadzi ntchito

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti chithokomiro England - mchitidwe dongosolo endocrine. Choncho, n'zomveka kulankhula za kupanga timadzi. thupi ili amatulutsa mitundu itatu ya mankhwala: calcitonin (a peputayidi timadzi) ndi awiri ayodini munali mchitidwe - thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine. Zimathandiza kuti lithe kale gawo apical ya chithokomiro epithelium ndi danga intrafollikulyarnoe (ndi zotsatira tsankho). Chiphunzitso calcitonin ndi chifukwa thymus England ndi parathyroid ndi thandizo yogwira C-maselo. Popanda izo, sikukanakhala zotheka lamulo la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kagayidwe mu thupi.

Ndipotu chithokomiro timadzi - mankhwala amene amakhala ndi ntchito kwachilengedwenso. Pa ntchito iyi, izo ochitachita mmene maselo zosiyanasiyana za thupi kutali.

Tirioidnye mahomoni Mwachitsanzo, zifunika bwinobwino lithe zimapanga zimakhala ndi ziwalo. kusungitsa kwa iwo thyroglobulin. Koma cholinga chachikulu cha chithokomiro timadzi - kupereka zosiyanasiyana mankhwala kuti kugwira ntchito yaikulu mu chitukuko cha mphamvu ndi thupi kugwira ntchito bwinobwino, ngakhale pa mpumulo.

Chithokomiro timadzi - ndi mbali popanda imene kumakhala kovuta kukonza ntchito za mtima, matumbo peristalsis ndi kukonza khola kutentha anakhumba thupi.

Monyanyira mu chithokomiro ndi

Mahomoni ndi zotsatira kwambiri pa chamoyo wonse, kukhala woyambira mlingo kagayidwe kachakudya pa mlingo ankafuna. Choncho, nkhani ya owonjezera kuwombola izi inapita patsogolo, ndi kuchepekedwa - ndi liwiro.

Zonse zotheka matenda a chithokomiro akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu yambiri yakuti:

- matenda limodzi ndi kuchepa mu mlingo wa mahomoni - hypothyroidism;

- pathologies imene kuchuluka kaphatikizidwe mahomoni (hyperthyroidism);

- matenda amene saonetsa kusintha ntchito zinchito za zopangitsa koma analimbikitsa morphological amasintha akuphatikizapo (hyperplasia, khosi lotupa mapangidwe mfundo etc.).

Imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe waukulu wopita ku zikamera wa limati pathological - ndi chosowa ayodini m'thupi. Choncho nthawi zonse zofunika kutsatira zakudya, chifukwa pali mankhwala zathu selo ndi chinthu zothandiza komanso kupewa malowedwe ake mu chithokomiro minofu.

matenda ofala

Start, mwina ali ndi matenda amenewa, monga chithokomiro mfundo. Matendawa kobvuta miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Ndipotu, chithokomiro mfundo - mbali yaing'ono ya nsalu yake, umene wazunguliridwa ndi kapisozi a. Kusinthaku chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa ayodini, chifukwa mu chitsulo akuyamba kulimbikira, kungolandira chinthu ichi kwa magazi. Akutulukira struma dilates Mitsempha, motero potero minofu. The chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ndi mapangidwe malo. kusintha mogwirizana ya chithokomiro England - ndi dzina lina la matenda.

Madokotala ambiri anakumana ndi zikamera wa zidindo zambiri pa nthawi yomweyo, kuopsa ndicho angathe kuchokera chosaopsa kuti zilonda. Ngati kusintha ngati zachitika, m'pofunika kuchita opaleshoni. Chosaopsa opaleshoni mfundo si chofunika, ndipo amaliona ndi ayodini ndi thupi.

Vascularization ya chithokomiro England - vuto lina, umene umakhudza mapangidwe mfundo. Kwenikweni wake inali yakuti kuwonjezera mitsempha anayi chitsulo mapangidwe ziwiya atsopano magazi, omwe chifukwa cha maonekedwe a zisindikizo (mfundo). Popeza kuti kuchuluka vascularization tingaone ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

- ululu minofu zotengeka;

- pafupipafupi maonekedwe zomverera Chotupa chija;

- magazi akutsikira;

- kusintha mofulumira thupi;

- thukuta;

- mapangidwe edema;

- matenda m'thupi;

- Kuchuluka tulo ndi kutopa.

Kuwonjezera mbali za kuchuluka magazi mu chithokomiro England amathanso ndichepe chidwi ndi zinthu, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale ntchito kugonana. Zochizira matenda ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala-m'thupi yemwenso.

ntchito pachithunzichi anathetsera

Uziyenda yachibadwa ya chithokomiro England zimadalira onse kukhulupirika kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi ntchito ya chamoyo wonse. Choncho, kulephera aliyense ana amakumana ndi mavuto palpable.

Yafupika chithokomiro ntchito - ndi easing ntchito ya thupi ili. Vuto limeneli lili ndi dzina lina - hypofunction. Pali zifukwa zingapo ntchito zinchito mwina kuchepetsedwa:

- matenda amene amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa prostate kapena choipa;

- kobadwa nako anomalies;

- chosowa ayodini m'thupi;

- pa chowawa kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe chopatsa kuwonongeka chithokomiro.

Koma hypofunction sekondale, mu nkhani iyi m'pofunika kulabadira pituitary kuwonongeka, amene nthawi ya prostate.

Hypothyroidism - vuto lina lomwe sitingakane. Mfundo yofunika ndi mlingo wa timadzi amadalira ntchito zonse kunachitika a machitidwe onse thupi ndi luso lawo kulimbana ndi katundu nthawi zonse. Ngati chithokomiro England m'mbuyo, ndiye adzachititsa unyolo anachita zotsatira mu chikhalidwe kwambiri poipa wonse wa munthu. Ndipo ngati izi kwa matenda ena, kuwalaka kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri.

The njira yofala mankhwala ndi matenda amenewa - ndi timadzi m'malo mankhwala. Nthawi zina kuti abwezeretse magwiridwe a prostate kubwerera mwakale, moti kwa miyezi ingapo kutenga chithokomiro mahomoni.

nkhani ina imene kuliganizira ndi hyperthyroidism. Izi ndi matenda amene akufotokozera chifukwa kuwonjezera ulimi wa mahomoni monga triiodothyronine ndi thyroxine.

Matendawa akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu: pulayimale, sekondale ndi ukachenjede hyperthyroidism. Nthawi zambiri, mbiri ya chitukuko cha vutoli ndi khosi lotupa poizoni. Ndi mtundu wa minofu England chisindikizo akhoza zimachitika zinthu kuchititsa kupanga kwambiri mahomoni.

Hyperthyroidism - ndi matenda amene angathe chifukwa thyroiditis subacute, tizilombo matenda prostate, khosi lotupa nodular kapena adenoma poizoni. Zotsatira za zinthu zimenezi ndi matenda oipa ndi mantha amphamvu, kukumbukira kuwonongeka, ophthalmopathy (exophthalmia), limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka mu khansa chithokomiro tulo ndi poyizoni kwambiri za thupi ndi mahomoni.

Ambiri, pali kwambiri mavuto a machitidwe onse ndi ziwalo, zikubweretsa inasinthiratu. Motero, munthu angayambe wolumala kapena kufa. Hyperthyroidism amaliona ndi mankhwala kuchepetsa timadzi, kupyolera opaleshoni ndipo ndi thandizo la ayodini nyukiliya.

Other wamba kudwala

Townsfolk zambiri anakumana ndi amenewa matenda oopsa monga hyperplasia ya chithokomiro England. Ichi sichina, monga kuwonjezeka mu maselo zinchito wa limba. Chifukwa, mabele England kukula kumawonjezera kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti ambiri otchedwa Chotupa chija.

Chifukwa cha matenda zimakhala zimabwezera osakwanira ulimi wa mahomoni. Koma ambiri, syndrome oterowo akhoza kukhala pa maziko a matenda osiyana kwambiri. Ndipo malingana ndi zifukwa kusintha ndi njira mankhwala. Iwo ali mitundu yambiri ya kukula kudzikonda maselo zinchito:

- pa mfundo (kuwonjezeka Prostate kukula chifukwa maonekedwe a cysts ndi mfundo);

- akakufunsani (yunifolomu kuwonjezeka popanda kuchita zisindikizo);

- osokonezeka.

Tsimikizirani kuti akufotokozera kuwonjezeka chithokomiro syndrome selo likhoza unayamba pa malo monga kusintha mofulumira thupi, maonekedwe a apezeka mu khosi, amaika zonse irritability, wosakhazikika kugona ndi mantha. Zizindikiro zimenezi kungathandize kudziwa chiyambi cha hyperplasia ndi kanthu moyenerera msanga.

Wina kudwala kuti nthawi zambiri zofunika kuchitira endocrinologists - hypoplasia ya chithokomiro England. izi kobadwa nako malformation, omwe amasonyeza kupanda Kukula kwa minofu ya thupi. Chifukwa chimene anthu kuthana ndi matenda amenewa, kupanda ayodini m'thupi pa mimba. A udindo zoipa komanso kungathandize zosiyanasiyana zopindika chitukuko yoopsa pa chithokomiro ntchito otsika pa kubala ana. matenda angathe kuonedwa ana, chifukwa ndi chifukwa cha hypothyroidism ndi cretinism.

Njira yaikulu kugonjetsa hypoplasia - ndi ntchito mahomoni chithokomiro. Komanso, si koyenera kuti akuchedwa chithandizo. Nawonso kuonetsetsa kuti zofikisa mwana ndi magawo physiotherapy. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri, ana ndi matenda ofanana akufotokozera kuphwanya minofu kamvekedwe ndi kayendedwe.

Pali milandu pamene odwala kubwera kwa madokotala-endocrinologists ndi vuto ngati sakanikira chithokomiro England. Ndiko kuti, ndi bwino kufotokoza terminology mankhwala ultrasound, malinga ndi zomwe vuto amatchedwa kusintha akakufunsani. Tikuyankhula zokhudza kusintha chithokomiro minofu omwe thupi lonse akuganizira cholakwika phokoso.

Zimayambitsa kusintha zimakhala, waukulu - chosowa zonse ayodini m'thupi. M'goli chithokomiro minofu akufotokozera pa maziko a matenda otsatirawa: subacute thyroiditis, Chotupa chija, aakulu autoimmune thyroiditis, akakufunsani khosi lotupa poizoni ndi kusakaniza. Childs, kutupa zimakhala ndi chifukwa pathological olusa a chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Ponena za chithandizo, ndi ponena kuti improvisation aliyense ana amakumana ndi mavuto zoipa mtengo, kotero m'pofunika poyamba kukaona dokotala oyenerera. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri kutumikiridwa mankhwala nkhani munali ayodini kapena potaziyamu iodide. Koma mu nkhani ya kuyan'anila za mabele England ali anapereka analogue kupanga a chithokomiro timadzi. Kukachitika kuti wodzaza minofu anayamba amaumiriza ziwalo pafupi, ayenera kulingalira opaleshoni.

Nkofunika kudziwa zambiri za vuto monga echogenicity kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro England. Kuti akhoza kumva ngati ntchito ultrasound. Mfundo yofunika kuti mawuwa yekha ntchito pofotokoza ultrasound chithunzi. liwu limene luso nsalu kusonyeza amalandira phokoso lake mkulu pafupipafupi.

Mfundo yakuti kusintha chithunzi ultrasound umboni wa maonekedwe wa kudwala iliyonse. Mulimonsemo, ultrasound njira kumathandiza molondola kwambiri oterewa kuphwanya mu boma, kapena chithokomiro ntchito.

thyroiditis Hashimoto a

nkhani zimenezi ayenera mwapadera. Nkofunika kudziwa mukakumana ndi matenda monga "chithokomiro ait", izo si matenda aakulu amene amafuna njira mokwanira lipole. Akamanena za vutoli n'chakuti, mu thupi pali aakulu kutupa minofu kuti ali ndi chiyambi autoimmune. Chifukwa cha boma ndi kungasokoneze ya chitetezo cha thupi maselo a mabele.

Tikumbukenso kuti matenda amenewa ndi 30% wa matenda onse obwera ndi prostate. Komanso, vuto limeneli akupezeka akazi kawirikawiri 15-20 nthawi zambiri koposa anthu. Pachiopsezo anthu zaka 40 mpaka 50.

Autoimmune thyroiditis akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ingapo:

- sabweretsa chisoni. Akufotokozera mu kuchepa kwambiri chitetezo chokwanira choncho idiopathic m'chilengedwe.

- Cytokine chovutika. Izi mawonekedwe a matenda akuwonetseredwa pambuyo ntchito interferon ntchito pofuna kuchiza chiwindi ndi magazi matenda.

- Matenda. Chifukwa mitundu iyi thyroiditis kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chitetezo ndi T-lymphocytes mu Prostate minofu.

- Postpartum. Matendawa akufotokozera chifukwa cha mimba.

Kumene, kulongosola nkhani ya "chithokomiro ait - kuti ndi" zofunika kulabadira mankhwala. Atamva matenda imeneyi, choyamba tiyenera kupita kwa dokotala. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo matenda a odwala Kwalamulidwa timadzi m'malo mankhwala. Kutenga mankhwala akuchipatala muyenera tsiku lililonse likuwonjezekabe Mlingo.

Ngati matenda ndi mu gawo kukalamba ndipo SCA zafika kukula ndithu, izo kupeza thandizo la madokotala monga n'zokayikitsa bwino popanda opaleshoni kukwaniritsa patsogolo chogwirika mu chithandizo.

Nkofunika pa chitukuko cha kutupa chiyani sachita ntchito mankhwala. Zilibe kuthandiza kuti n'chongoletsa zotsatira za HIV, ndi kudwala adzapitiriza patsogolo. M'pofunika zimalimbana ndi woyenera yake mankhwala kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri. Mukamachita zimenezi, mukhoza kupereka mukufuna.

Kufunika kupewa

Ndizachidziwikire kuti anapha matenda a chithokomiro pamaziko a zambiri pamwamba - ndi ngozi. Choncho, ngati zizindikiro zilizonse Muzisamala ayenera kupita kafukufuku ndi nkhani ya pathological boma ulamuliro mwamsanga kuyamba chithandizo. Pofuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda a chithokomiro asatayike, muyenera kutsatira malamulo wamba ochepa: alemere zakudya zanu Zakudya ayodini, zonse kuchititsa konzanso wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa (zambiri kudzera mano anakhudzidwa ndi mano, matenda likulowerera ku England) ndi njira mokwanira za chithandizo chilichonse chimfine.

Ndi oyenera ndi mokwanira yokonza njira mukhoza kupewa zambiri mavuto kugwirizana ndi matenda a chithokomiro.