Kodi maziko kusamba bwino kusankha mbali unsembe

Kaya dongosolo ankafuna maziko odalirika nthawi zonse Mzimuyo durability ake. Molondola kuti adzaone zomwe maziko pansi kusamba bwino - si chinthu chophweka chifukwa womanga iliyonse. Makamaka m'mavuto kuwalanditsa nthaka zovuta (peat kapena chikhamu).

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti kulimbikitsa kusankha ya maziko?

Akadali m'kati kupanga osambira makamaka lili cholinga ziyenera a zinthu zotsatirazi kuti athane zingakhudze khalidwe la maziko, ngati kuli kulakwa kusankha.

1. Kuya kwa kuzizira pansi. Izo zimatengera dera ndi kudziwika kwa onse. nthaka kutupa akupezeka yozizira pamene madzi nthaka peremerzat kuyamba. Zizindikiro izi Tingaone chikhamu mwa ming'alu mu msewu ili pafupi kapena pa n'chodabwitsa nthaka.
2. Zochita za nthaka zambiri kudziwika, ngati pali nyumba ndipo mukhoza kufunsa omanga. Ngati zoipa, kudula zigawo pamwamba, mpaka pali zigawo olimba. njira zodalirika distending pansi recess mlingo yozizira koopsa ndi kama wa miyala ndi mchenga. Yotsirizira ntchito nthawi zonse imathandi- mwakufuna katundu. Underestimating chikhamu kungachititse kuti olakwika maziko. Ngakhale mapindikidwe wamng'ono kumabweretsa maonekedwe a ming'alu pa makoma, otsetsereka ndi kuchepetsa mipata. Kuzama kwa yachibadwa nthaka yokwanira Zikhomo 0.5 m.
3. Mlingo wa pansi. Madzi ali mavuto aakulu pa simenti, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa kapena kukhazikitsa dongosolo ngalande pa Nyumba Zam'mwamba.

Maziko pansi kusamba ndi manja ake kuti: mmodzi bwino

Kupanga chisankho lamanja la maziko kusamba, m'pofunika kuti ayanjane ndi peculiarities wa mtundu uliwonse.

1. Mzere maziko

Posankha maziko pansi kusamba ndi chabwino kwambiri mabasi pa fomu iyi. Izi zimafuna ndalama otsika, ndipo mukhoza zonse zichitike ndi manja ake. Yunifolomu katundu ndi mamangidwe mophweka kulenga maziko odalirika yomanga nyumba yaing'ono.

Malinga katundu wopangidwa ndi maziko pansi pa kusamba. Chabwino n'chiti, ngati nyumba ndi mtengo? Apa ndi abwino kwambiri melkozaglublenny (50 cm) kwa katundu yaing'ono.

maziko olimba ndi msonkhano. Zoyambazo adalipo chifukwa sikutanthauza zida zina kwa iye, ndi kumanga monolithic ali mkulu kudalirika. Pakuti osambira alipo osiyanasiyana zipangizo:

• konkire;
• mabotolo;
• chomenyedwa konkire;
• njerwa.

Team thandizo yaikidwa pa chipika simenti. Chiyambi cha suti kusamba kuika kuchokera corpulent njerwa zofiira.

2. mlatho maziko

Ngati malo oyamba chuma liwiro la zomangamanga, mitengoyo zili pa funso loyamba mu dongosolo la zomwe maziko pansi kusamba bwino. Izi njira ndi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito polenga yophunzitsa kunyumba yomanga nyumba munda ndi mtengo ndi thovu. Iye ali bwino yosayenera kwa vuto la nthaka.

Milu pansi kuti akuya yatsoka nthaka chosatha. Iwo mizati zodula, koma kupanga mfundo ndi ofanana. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anapanga zovekera kukhazikika bwino ndipo anapanga konkire.

Top unapangidwa analimbitsa simenti raft maziko, koma kumanga opepuka zingabweretse izo ku matabwa. Kwa kutupa kwa zigawo chapamwamba nthaka sanali bwanji nyumba, kusiyana ndi analengedwa pamwamba pansi. Muyenera kupereka chitetezo cha mtengo chinyezi.

3. slab maziko

Analimbitsa monolithic slab mwangwiro aligns ndi m'goli katundu kusamutsidwa kwa nthaka. Zilibe deform maziko a nyumbayo. Pansi wosanjikiza kukhazikika analengedwa kuchokera kudzazidwa mchenga. Pakuti osambira izo sikawirikawiri ntchito chifukwa lakonzedwa akatundu olemera ndi kwambiri mtengo wa mowa zakuthupi.

4. Base pa milu wononga

kupeza Posachedwapa kutchuka wononga milu anaika mu nthawi yochepa. Iwo safuna chisanadze mankhwala malo ndi kukumba zitsime, zimene zimachititsa zakuthupi ndi ntchito ndalama. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo iwe uyenera kutaya pa ogulidwa ndi unsembe wa milu ndi njira yapadera. Buku unsembe n'zothekanso, ngati iwo ali ndi kulowa bwino mu nthaka. Ambiri, kagwere milu ndi amtengo wabwino njira kwa yomanga kusamba. Unsembe kumatenga masiku 1-3 yokha, pamene inu athanso tiyambe kumanga.

Kodi bwino kuchita maziko pansi kusamba. Pomanga maziko a

Kwa mtundu uliwonse amafuna yake maziko yomanga luso.

1. Kukonzekera Gawo tikukonza

The chiwembu yomanga akukonzekera, m'zochitika zonse, kupatula m'munsi wononga, kumene yomanga si anachita. Black nthaka kuchotsedwa kwa masentimita 15, m'munsi ndi angaimbidwenso ndipo anapanga kulemba.

2. ogwiritsa Mzere maziko

Ntchito yomanga olimba overstates mtengo ntchitoyo ntchito, makasitomala wayamba kuganiza za zimene bwino kuti maziko a kusamba ndi manja ake. Band monolithic m'munsi ali wosakanikirana chifukwa cha kuphweka kupanga motere.

1. Trenching. miyeso yawo imadalira pa zinthu nthaka ndi akatundu.
2. Kukonzekera maziko a. Kujambula khushoni mchenga. Wosanjikiza makulidwe kwa melkozaglublennogo maziko ndi 300 mm.
3. Formwork unsembe msinkhu wa masentimita 50. Nkofunika kuti ngakhale chapamwamba yopingasa msinkhu, kupititsa patsogolo mosavuta kufalitsa pakhoma.
4. Kuika yaing'ono wosanjikiza simenti pansi ndi unsembe wa lathing armature. Kudzaza buku la formwork onse.
5. Kumatira chapansi pamwamba. Chophweka njira kuchiika icho pamwamba zigawo ziwiri za chuma denga.

3. unsembe wa mlatho maziko

Kuti sindinali kuganiza za zimene maziko abwino kwambiri kusamba, ndi momwe angachitire izo, inu mukhoza kukhala basi pa njira ndi zipilala monga wotchuka kwambiri.

Columnar m'munsi zachitika motere.

1. Kuwerengetsa chiwerengero cha mitengo yonyamulira (kwa kusamba pafupifupi -. Zosachepera 8 mayunitsi payokha khoma mkati).
2. Tikubooleza zitsime kuti akuya osachepera 1 m.
3. Kupanga khushoni mchenga 250 mm.
4. Kuwayika mizati ya njerwa, chomenyedwa kapena kuponyera konkire.
5. Poona mlingo yopingasa padziko maziko.

4. Kuuluka m'munsi wononga

Kupeza maziko pansi kusamba, amene ali woyenerera vuto la nthaka, onse yomweyo kumbukirani za milu wononga. Ndi ntchito akuika dongosolo, ngakhale zithaphwi. Pambuyo screwing mu nthaka iwo akhoza monga kumanga nyumba motere.

1. Kusankha milu wononga. kutalika ayenera kukhala woposa kuya kwa yozizira koopsa, koma osachepera 1.5 m.
2. Milu amene kutalika si upambana 2.5 m, n'zotheka kagwere pamanja. Ndi kusamalira anthu 2, ndi wachitatu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti palibe misalignment.
3. Pambuyo zogwiriziza onse tili m'mavuto mu nthaka, rangefinder kutsimikizidwa mlingo yopingasa.
4. Mkati milu zitsulo ladzala ndi zipilala konkire njira.
5. Pamene konkire ikamauma, ndi milu kuti welded kumapeto makoma ndi yopingasa grillage wa njira yolumikiza m'munsi mwa dongosolo monolithic ndi yunifolomu kufalitsidwa katundu.

5. Yopanga grillage maziko columnar ndi wononga

Kupanga chisankho chimene chili maziko abwino kwa kusamba kusankha, musaiwale raft maziko, ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri. Iye analinso anasankha potengera makhalidwe a dongosolo la, ndalama ndi luso.

Analimbitsa simenti raft maziko ndi yodalirika ndiponso yopindulitsa nyumba m'munsi. Pakuti unsembe chofunika ake zipangizo:

• zovekera;
• waya kumangidwa;
• simenti matope;
• gulu mitundu.

Pa m'ndandanda wa mulu osokedwa zitsulo mauna zolimba mu increments wa masentimita 15-30 padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa Nyumba ya Ufumuyo. Iwo wotetezedwa ku kubweza ndi anaikapo mu milu mokhomerera pamwamba pa m'maenje, ngati iwo ali helical. Komanso choyenera anaikapo mu mtengo, ndipo womangidwa ndi zikwapu kotenga. Ndi milu konkire ligation ndi chikwapu projecting pa malekezero oyenerera.

Formwork kwathunthu anaika ndi limagwirizana m'mphepete pamwamba. Kenako, konkire kuthira: choyamba mkati mzati, ndiyeno - mu formwork lapansi. Malekezero a milu ya ili mkati monolith lapansi.

Grillage matabwa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyumba matabwa. chuma zouma preliminarily anasankha okhota zinthu ndi kupanga mabala kwa kujowina loko. Ndiye osonyeza m'mphambano za maziko raft m'tsogolo ndipo anayamba kuimika ndi mmodzi wa iwo. Bruce akulowa m'mabokosi kapena ngodya ndi atsogoleri mulu - ndi akapichi.

Grillage wa njira zachitika nyumba mwala, monga kukamaomba katundu. Iye bwino welded ku zipupa za mapeto a milu wononga.

A ochepa nsonga

Pamene anaimika maziko pansi kusamba, akatswiri malangizo kuli kofunika kuti kupewa.

1. Maziko ng'anjo mu kusamba ndi wosiyana ndi waukulu, kuti mapindikidwe awo alibe kusonkhezera wina ndi mnzake.
2. Pakuti zovuta mtunda milu bwino yosayenera wononga.
3. A wosanjikiza khushoni pansi maziko ali olekanitsidwa silting geotextile.
4. Bath ndi okonzeka ndi mpopi wa zimbudzi chopereka mu thanki mobisa popanda pansi, ndi kuthekera kusiya pansi.

Pomaliza

Maziko kusamba sikovuta kukatenga chifukwa zosiyanasiyana lalikulu machenjerero. Koma palibe yankho limodzi la funso za mtundu wa maziko pansi kusamba bwino. Kusankha mtundu yoyenera kumatanthauza mbali structural, katundu ndi mwayi wa womanga nthaka.