Kudalirika ndi zotuluka pa mayeso - ndi chiyani ichi?

* Wodalirika ndi zotuluka pa mayeso - izi ndi makhalidwe kafukufuku zogwirizana ofunda i kumasulira khalidwe ndi woyeneradi ntchito mchitidwe.

Kodi zodalirika

Pa mayeso, mayeso amaweruza kudalirika kwa mosalekeza zingachitike pamene kachiwiri kuyesedwa. Kusiyana deta muyenera kwina kapena negligible. Apo ayi, n'zosatheka kunena kuti zotsatira za mayeso ndi chidaliro.

Kudalirika kwa mayeso - muyeso zimene zikusonyeza yolondola miyezo ya. N'kofunika ndi katundu zotsatirazi mayeso:

• ndi reproducibility zotsatira analandira kumapeto kwa phunziro;
• mlingo molondola njira muyeso kapena zipangizo lolingana;
• mtendere wa zotsatira pa nyengo zina za nthawi.

Zotsatirazi Gawo akhoza kuwasiyanitsa mu mamasulidwe a kudalirika:

• kudalirika kwa chingwe chida (kutanthauza kulemba mayeso ntchito ndi cholinga), sipangakhalenso amanenera kuwerengetsa ndi koyefishienti ziwalo;
• mtendere wa khalidwe pansi phunziro kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso predictability ndi kusalala kwa oscillation ake;
• chifukwa cha cholinga (ie, ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera zokonda za kafukufuku wa).

zinthu kudalirika

Mlingo wa kudalirika zingakhudze zinthu zingapo zoipa, zofunika kwambiri zomwe ndi izi:

• njira ungwiro (zabodza kapena olakwika mawu osamveka mawu a ntchito);
• Kusakhazikika zosakhalitsa kapena fluctuation zonse mtengo index amene amaloŵamo kufufuza;
• chilengedwe mismatch imene kuchititsa maphunziro poyamba mobwerezabwereza;
• kusintha khalidwe wofufuzayo komanso kusakhazikika kwa mkhalidwe mayeso;
• zotengera malingaliridwe njira pamene mumayesto zotsatira mayeso.

Njira imene ingatithandize kuzindikira kudalilika mayeso

njira zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuona kudalilika mayeso.

kukonzanso kuyezetsa njira ndi imodzi mwa ambiri. Timatha inu mukhale mlingo wa malumikizanidwe pakati pa zotsatira za kafukufuku, komanso nthawi imene iwo inachitika. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta komanso zothandiza. Komabe, anthu amakhala kubwereza maphunziro kupangitsa mkwiyo ndi chowawa zosiyanasiyana.

njira A kwambiri poona kugwirizana mkati Kodi kuganizira kugwirizana akamagwira zotsatira retesting. Iwo amakhazikitsa ubale wa machitidwe anapatsidwa mu kuyesera limodzi. mafunso mayeso anawagawa m'ndandanda (pa mfundo), kenako masamu , ufotokoze mwapadera koyefishienti pakati zotsatira.

Njira ofanana mitundu ndi ntchito formulations awiri kapena zina zosiyana kuyesa ntchito, koma ndi chimodzimodzi kwenikweni, mawonekedwe ndi digiri ya Kuvuta kukhazikitsa lapansi. Mayeso kudalirika akusonyeza zofanana kapena kuyandikira zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka ntchito chimodzimodzi chingwe chida kapena mitunduyi zowerengera. Ngati zotsatira amasiyana kwambiri, zikuoneka iwo dala molakwika kapena nkhaniyi si mosamala kwambiri anayandikira ndondomeko loponya.

Kodi n'loonadi

Zotuluka pa mayeso - mayeso amene amasankha yolondola muyeso wa. Tikhoza kunena kuti kupezeka kwa chida cha zochita za makhalidwe ena a maganizo. Tikumbukenso kuti unali woyenerera, zodalirika mayeso - ndi muyezo wowonjezera, ali payekha wauzimu.

N'loonadi angaonedwe pamaso pa mbali ongolankhula ndi wanzeru. Mbali yoyamba tikulankhula za njira mumayesto kapena kuyeza zida. Monga kumvetsa wachiwiri unali woyenerera, ndiye izo zifika pa cholinga cha ntchito kafukufuku. Tikumbukenso kuti mayesero amenewa akhoza kwambiri zosiyanasiyana pa kuyesa chomwecho, malingana ndi mayesero osiyanasiyana. mphambu apamwamba angathe kwanthawi mozungulira 80%.

mayeso maganizo n'loonadi mwina pafupifupi malinga ndi zizindikiro Mkhalidwe kapena kachulukidwe. Mbali yoyamba tikulankhula wozengereza masamu. kuwerengetsa Mkhalidwe anachita descriptively, zochokera inferences.

Mitundu ya mayeso n'loonadi

Kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi mitundu ikuluikulu ya zotuluka pa mayeso:

• structural zotuluka pa mayeso - muyezo ntchito pamene mumayesto mayeso ndi dongosolo masanjidwe (ntchito mu phunziro la zochitika zovuta maganizo);
• n'loonadi muyezo kumaphatikizapo kufanana kwa zotsatira ndi mlingo wa chitukuko mutu wa makhalidwe makamaka maganizo;
• Mzimuyo n'loonadi okhutira ofananira njira kuphunzira chodabwitsa, ndi osiyanasiyana magawo kuti chimakwirira;
• predictive n'loonadi - ndi chizindikiro quality, zomwe zimathandiza kuti asa- chitukuko njira yaitali.

Mitundu n'loonadi yosayambitsa

Zotuluka pa mayeso - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro, zimene zimathandiza inu kuti aone adequacy ndi woyenerera wa njira kuphunzira chodabwitsa makamaka. Anayi muyezo waukulu tingaone kuti zingakhudze kuti:

• muyezo wojambula (ndi luso ndi zinachitikira wofufuzayo ndi);
• i zotengera malingaliridwe (chiŵerengero mayeso kuti chodabwitsa imeneyo zimaonekera pa chifukwa komaliza mayeso);
• i thupi (thanzi, kutopa, ndi makhalidwe ena, amene amakhala ndi chikoka kwambiri pa chifukwa komaliza mayeso);
• muyezo ngozi (amapezeka kudziwa Mwina wa zosayembekezereka ya chochitika makamaka).

Muyezo n'loonadi ndi ufulu wodzilamulira gwero la deta za chodabwitsa makamaka (chuma maganizo), amene kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi kuyezetsa. Mpaka ndiye, mpaka kufufuzidwa zotsatira kuti amakwaniritsa sangakhoze ndiweruzidwe unali woyenerera.

zofunikira kuti akugwirizana ndi

i kunja zimene zimakhudza zotuluka pa chizindikiro mayeso ayenera kukumana zotsatirazi zofunikira:

• zofanana ndendende dera lomwe kuphunzira wochititsidwa, kufunika ndi kugwirizana zamalankhulidwe ndi chitsanzo matenda;
• pakalibe phokoso kapena mwadzidzidzi mipata iliyonse mwa chitsanzo (mfundo ndi kuti ophunzira onse kuyesera ayenera kutsatira magawo chisanadze anapereka, ndi kukhala chofanana);
• ankafufuza chizindikiro ayenera kukhala odalirika, nthawi zonse osati poyera kuti kusintha mwadzidzidzi.

Njira kukhazikitsa n'loonadi

Poona zotuluka pa mayesero angathe kuchitidwa mu njira zingapo.

Kufufuza n'loonadi mwina mayeso kumafuna kuti afufuze kugwilizana ndi ntchito zake anafuna.

Kafukufuku zili n'loonadi - izi ndi njira mayeso pamaso pa zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse zofunikira kuphunzira mabuku a chodabwitsa makamaka kapena china.

Kafukufuku kumanga n'loonadi ikuchitika choncho kumene chiwerengero cha zatsopano ikuchitika kuphunzira yeniyeni zovuta index. Pamafunikanso:

• anayamba kutsimikiza kwa - afufuze Ziwerengero malumikizanidwe analandira ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira zovuta;
• divergent kutsimikiza ndicho njira sanali kutanthauza ziyenera a zinthu extraneous zosagwirizana ndi phunziro waukulu.

Kufufuza n'loonadi predictive kumafuna kudziŵa kuti n'zotheka yotani kusinthasintha yaitali ya index kuphunzira.

anapezazo

Unali woyenerera ndiponso kudalirika kuyezetsa - ndi wowonjezera zizindikiro zimene adziwe zambiri zokhudza n'loonadi ndi kufunika kwa zotsatira kafukufuku. Nthawi zambiri, atsimikiza imodzi.

Kudalirika limasonyeza bwanji zotsatira za lodalirika. Izi amatanthauza kugwiritsa wawo kubwerezabwereza mayeso omwewo ndi gulu lomwelo. Mlingo wochepa wa kudalirika tinganene kupotoza dala kapena njira zachibwana.

Mfundo za zotuluka pa mayeso chifukwa mbali Mkhalidwe zimenezo. Ndi funso ngati anasankha chida aziona chodabwitsa maganizo. Pali angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zizindikiro Mkhalidwe (mtengo ongolankhula) ndi kachulukidwe (mawerengedwe a koefishienti zogwirizana).