Kuipitsa nyanja

Kwa zaka zambiri, zochita za anthu asintha dziko mafunde kupitirira kutchuka, mpaka kusintha, koposa mwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa mofulumira zaumisiri. Research m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, akatswiri a US Center National kwa zachilengedwe Analysis ndi kaphatikizidwe, anasonyeza kuti 40% ya buku nyanja lonse kusandulika mchikakamizo cha munthu, si kwa bwino. Ofufuzawa kusanthula 17 ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene kwambiri bwanji padziko lonse kuipitsa nyanja -. nyukiliya zinyalala, mpweya woipa, kutumiza, etc., komanso kuganizira zinthu mankhwala a - mafuta, feteleza, zitsulo, etc.

Iwo adzipangira mapeto zokhumudwitsa. Mwamwayi, madera ambiri wowonongeka pa nyanja ndi Nyanja: The Norway, North, South China ndi East China. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti madzi awo anaikira nsanja ambiri mafuta kukhala mwachangu nsomba, komanso apa kugwa mitsinje kwambiri wowonongeka. Pang'ono zotsukira ndi Mediterranean ndi nyanja ya Japan, komanso madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa United States. Apa kuli anthu coastlines ndipo ambiri madzi yodutsira.

Pali, ndithudi, mu dziko m'madera nyanja si anakumana chikoka cha munthu, koma iwo anakhalabe okha 3% ya madzi a dziko lapansi. Iwo ali pafupi mizati.

Tiyeni tikambirane njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, mmene ambiri pa kuipitsa dziko nyanja.

Mmodzi wa mafuta chachikulu ukuyenda mu mathanki a madzi ballast kapena kuda madzi dziko kapena kuchucha, pamene kupanga ake ndi kayendedwe. Chaka chilichonse, nyanja ndi kudzadza ndi matani 10 miliyoni a mafuta. The mafuta filimu kale yokutidwa 20% ya malo dziko.

zinyalala za nyukiliya, imakhudza lonse nyanja zachilengedwe, akuyerekezeranso zoopsa kwambiri moyo wa expanses madzi ndi yakuya Earth. Popeza 1946, anayamba yogwira kukhetsa zinyalala za nyukiliya mu madzi mawonekedwe mu madzi nyanja ndi kutaya izi ndi zoipa zina pa nyanja ndi mayiko monga UK, USA, France, Italy, ndi USSR, Germany, etc.

Mankhwala loopsa kwambiri topezeka nyanja. Iwo chongopeka analenga zinthu ntchito kulamulira matenda zomera ndi tizirombo. Kupanga mankhwala umabala byproducts kuti kuphatikiza mu zimbudzi ndi kuipitsanso iwo ndi amene igwani mu nyanja.

Kupanga surfactants (padziko wothandizila yogwira) achititsanso chopereka wamkulu kuipitsa dziko nyanja. Detergents amene ali mbali ya mankhwala ndi detergents kupanga m'munsi kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu, kuchepetsa mavuto padziko madzi. Iwo ali zosakaniza poizoni kuti avulaze mpaka kalekale kuti zamoyo mu madzi.

Carcinogens n'zomwe yosintha ntchito ndipo angathe kuyambitsa kusokoneza chitukuko embryonic ndipo masinthidwe a zinthu zamoyo. gwero chawo chachikulu ndicho kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo organic ndi moto zosiyanasiyana, mafuta ndi nkhuni. zinthu Carcinogenic bwanji kuipitsa madzi. maganizo awo m'madzi lonse upambana 100 ug / kg pa nkhaniyi youma.

The zitsulo ntchito pa ulimi ndi kugwera m'madzi nyanja, kuimira ngozi angaononge biocenosis m'madzi, makamaka cadmium, Mercury ndi patsogolo. Chaka chilichonse hydrosphere ali otayika 455 zikwi. Matani Mercury ndi matani 15-30 la patsogolo.

M'mayiko ambiri kuti ndi mwayi nyanja, madzi akatulutsidwa mu zinyalala ndi cholinga nazo. Makamaka, kukhuthula unapangidwa zipangizo monga zinyalala olimba slag kuboola ndi mankhwala mabomba, mankhwala mbali mafakitale zinyalala, etc. Voliyumu ya manda 10% mwa kulemera kwa zifukwa zonse kuipitsa nyanja.

Kumene, madzi ndi katundu zokha modabwitsa, koma malire ena. Chotero kuipitsa amphamvu a m'nyanja, iwo sangakhoze akonzanso. Choncho, anthu ayenera kuganizira kupulumutsa chuma madzi, amene ali gwero lofunika zosowa zokhudza thupi la anthu onse padziko lapansi.