Madera ndi chiyani?

Kuwulula funso la chimene ali madera a (G.), tiona kuti si dongosolo kwambiri sayansi kuti amachita ndi kuphunzira zambiri za dera envelopu a Dziko Lapansi, komanso kuwaululira dongosolo kanthawi ndi okhudza malo. Choncho, imaphunzira geosphere (nthaka, biosphere, mlengalenga, etc.) ndi machitidwe Geological (mitunda, biogeocoenoses etc.).

Zinthu sayansi ndi malamulo a malo ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ojambula pakati pa zigawo wa dera, komanso ma zace misinkhu dziko, dera, ndipo padziko lonse nyanja. Zonsezi anali kutsogolera madera ano lolunjika pa mzere wa amalanga makampani. Choncho, zimatulutsa zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe madera. maziko ali woyamba wa malo, maofesi malo kuphunzira ndiponso mapiri, kuzindikira dongosolo chipolopolo linalake. Zina makampani-sayansi ngati climatology, oceanography, hydrology ndi ena.

Poganizira chakuti madera ndi anthu, tisaiwale kuti wakhala akuphunzira gulu m'zigawozo anthu. Zikuphatikizapo chuma, ndale, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe madera.

Mulimonsemo, aliyense wa sayansi izi makampani ali ndi cholinga chimodzi - kuphunzira njira mayunitsi m'zigawozo a moyo, tanthauzo la zolinga zikuluzikulu ndi zolinga kulenga otetezeka chilengedwe zachilengedwe zimene kukhala anthu.

Ndizosowa madera anaikidwa monga zaka za m'ma AD choyamba. Ndipo mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano zikayenda m'dera limeneli akhala redefined, anayamba mwachangu kukhala mapu. M'zaka za m'ma XIX, Alexander Von Humboldt ndi Karl Ritter maziko a chiphunzitso ano maphunziro. Pakali pano, ndi zovuta za sayansi zisanu ndi ziwiri, monga:

1.Matematicheskaya G. - maphunziro geodesy ndi zakuthambo, pa maziko a chidziwitso wabweza kulenga mapu mu zolosera osiyana.

2. Geophysics - chikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi, nthaka ndi zakuthambo.

3. thupi G:. Oceanography, nthaka, climatology (meteorology) - synthesizes deta pa kusiyana ndi nyengo pa dziko lapansili.

4. Kodi madera kwachilengedwenso? sayansi Izi zikuphatikizapo:

a) nyama G. (zokhudzana ndi kuphunzira Zoology);

b) Bambo zomera - ali kugwirizana ndi zomera.

5. madera - kuphunzira zambiri mbiri ya zikamera wa mayiko osiyana siyana.

6. anthropogeography - zochokera kafukufuku Anthropology, ziwerengero ethnography, mbiri, komanso kwachilengedwenso ndi thupi G.

7. Mbiri ya madera - ikufotokoza nkhani pa dziko lapansili, komanso maganizo ake apadera ndi mfundo.

sayansi izi zonse n'zogwirizana. Ngati ife tione chitsanzo, tingathe kuona kuti ntchito yaikulu ya katswiri mu munda ndi kuphunzira kwakuya kwa madera, amene Sindingachite popanda ankadziwa zintchito kugwirizana ndi G. payekha

Ngati tiyenda pachimene ndi malo a anthu masiku ano, ndi ntchito imene umagwira mu mapangidwe ake ndi chitukuko, tisaiwale kuti kwa zaka zambiri sayansi liaised ndi Zomwe mungaphunzire ndi zachirengedwe, chikhalidwe, ndondomeko ndalama, kuyambira pano chidwi analipereka kwa dziko la anthu ndi ubale wawo wina ndi mnzake ndi chikhalidwe, komanso kuti chikhalidwe ndi moyo ndi zina zotero.

Motero, poganizira zimenezi madera, ayenera kutsimikizira kuti sayansi ali gwelo lalikulu kusakanikirana, umabweretsa pamodzi zosiyanasiyana amalanga ndi njira zofufuzira kuti athandize polimbana ndi zinthu zofunika za masiku ano - pa citukuko anthu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pa dziko lonse.