Kulakwila thermoregulation cha thupi: zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro

Aliyense wa ife akudziwa kuti kuli chinthu choterocho monga kutentha thupi. Akuluakulu wathanzi, ntchito yake ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana 36-37 ° C. Chakuti malangizo kapena kusonyeza zosayembekezereka wa matenda a etiology kapena kulakwila thermoregulation wa chamoyo. chikhalidwe ichi ndi matenda, chotero, si Komabe, akhoza kuchititsa destabilization cha ziwalo ndi kachitidwe, ngakhale chakupha. luso Thermoregulation kuti onse magazi ofunda nyama, kuphatikizapo anthu. nchito imeneyi ndi zopanga ndipo anayambitsa m'kupita kwa chirengedwe. Iwo amayang'anira njira ya kagayidwe, timatha atengere zikhalidwe za dziko kunja, potero kuthandiza zamoyo nkhondo linakhalapo. Aliyense mosaganizira mtundu, udindo, kapena ukalamba iliyonse chachiwiri poyera kwa chilengedwe, ndipo thupi lake mosalekeza zimachitika ambiri anasiyana. Zonsezi zimachititsa imautsa kusinthasintha mu kutentha thupi, zomwe, koma thermoregulation, nazo, kodi kuwonongedwa ziwalo munthu ndi thupi lonse. Kwenikweni, zimene zimachitika pamene pali kuphwanya thermoregulation. The zimayambitsa matenda zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi yaing'ono hypothermia aakulu CNS matenda, chithokomiro kapena ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha. Ngati akudwala ngati dongosolo matenda thermoregulation uzigwirizana bwino ndi ntchito zake kuti athetse vutoli, m'pofunika kuchiza matenda chimapangitsa. Ngati thermoregulation wasweka munthu wabwinobwino, chifukwa izo zinali zinthu kunja monga nyengo, muyenera kupezera izi kwa thandizo wovulalayo. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza thanzi lawo mtsogolo ndi moyo. Nkhaniyi ili ndi mfundo za mmene lamulo la thupi kutentha, zomwe zizindikiro amasonyeza kulephera thermoregulation, ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa nkhaniyi, muyenera kuchita.

kutentha thupi Features

Violation thermoregulation inseparably chikugwirizana ndi kutentha thupi. Nthawi zambiri, izo amayezedwa armpit, kumene nthawi zambiri anthu amaganiza kuti 36,6 ° C. Khalidwe limeneli ndi zimasonyeza kutentha thupi ndi ayenera kukhala kwachilengedwenso zonse. Komabe kutentha thupi ranges zing'onozing'ono zosiyanasiyana mwachitsanzo, malingana ndi nthawi ya tsiku, amenenso ali ponseponse. Mtengo wake wotsikitsitsa opezeka pa 2 ndi 4 koloko m'mawa, ndi apamwamba pakati pa 4 ndi 7 koloko madzulo. M'madera a kuwerenga kutentha thupi komanso kusintha, ndi nthawi ya tsiku ndi palokha. Choncho, mu rectum ankaona mfundo wabwinobwino ndi 37,2 ° C kwa 37,5 ° C ndipo mulomo kwa 36,5 ° C kwa 37,5 ° C. Komanso, kutentha awo yachibadwa chiwalo chilichonse. Amene apamwamba mu chiwindi, kumene akafika mlingo wa 38 ° C kwa 40 ° C. Koma pa zinthu nyengo ya kusintha thupi kutentha sayenera konzekera. udindo Thermoregulatory Zoonadi kulisunga zonse pansi pa zikhalidwe zonse zachilengedwe. Mankhwala umatchedwa homeothermy, ndi kutentha zonse amatchedwa isotherms.

Kulakwila thermoregulation wa chamoyo khalidwe la kuwonjezeka kapena mwayamba kufooka thupi mfundo kutentha. Pali bwino makhalidwe ake chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi, kupitirira yimene simungathe kupita, chifukwa limadzetsa imfa. Mu ena kuwatsitsimula munthu kupulumuka ngati kutentha thupi lake ayanjane 25 ° C kapena kuuka kwa 42 ° C, ngakhale pali milandu kupulumuka pansi makhalidwe kwambiri.

Lingaliro la thermoregulation

Conventionally, thupi la munthu akhoza akuimira mu mawonekedwe a pachimake ndi kutentha zonse, ndi chipolopolo, kumene icho chimasintha. Njira ngale zimachitika chifukwa cha zomwe kutentha anamasulidwa. Kudzera chigoba pakati pa chilengedwe kunja ndi pachimake kutentha ndi kuzizira. Gwero la kutenthako ndi chakudya chimene timadya tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene processing chakudya, makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mafuta, mapuloteni, chimasanduka, i.e., zochita za kagayidwe. Pa zochita zawo, ndipo anapanga kupanga kutentha. Akamanena za thermoregulation ndi kaonedwe pakati kuwombola kutentha ndi mapangidwe kutentha. M'mawu ena, kuti kutentha thupi anali mu uthunthu wabwinobwino, chipolopolo laperekedwa kutentha sing'anga bola aumbike mwa pakati. Kuphwanya thupi thermoregulation kumachitika pamene pali mtengo chodzala kutentha, kapena M'malo mwake, izo zimapangitsa izo mochuluka kuposa chipolopolo kupereka kwa chilengedwe.

Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa:

- mmene chilengedwe (kwambiri otentha kapena ozizira kwambiri);

- kuchuluka fiznagruzok;

- siyabwino nyengo zovala;

- mankhwala ena;

- mowa wambiri;

- pamaso pa matenda (dystonia, chotupa mu ubongo, shuga insipidus, syndromes zosiyanasiyana wonongeka ya ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, thyrotoxic mavuto ndi ena).

Thermoregulation m'njira ziwiri:

1. mankhwala.

2. thupi.

Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

njira mankhwala a

Bukuli lili pa ubale kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwaiye mu thupi ndi mlingo wa zochita exothermic. Chemical mtundu zikuphatikizapo njira ziwiri za kukhalabe kutentha wolakalakika - contractile ndipo sanali ankanjenjemera thermogenesis.

Contractile akuyamba ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kuonjezera kutentha thupi, mwachitsanzo pa kukhudzana ndi kuzizira. Ife tikuzindikira izo mwa kuukitsa tsitsi la thupi kapena akuthamanga "tsekwe tokhala", amene yaying'ono-kugwedera. Iwo angathe kuonjezera kupanga kutentha kwa 40%. Mu chisanu kwambiri timayamba kunjenjemera. Izi kanthu monga njira thermoregulation imene m'badwo wa kutentha kuchuluka za 2.5 nthawi. Kuwonjezera mayankho musanaganizire reflex ozizira, anthu kusamukira, iye adzautsa kutentha thupi lanu. Kulakwila thermoregulation Pankhaniyi kumachitika pamene kukhudzana ndi ozizira nthawi yaitali, kapena kutentha otsika kwambiri, chifukwa mu kutsegula kuwombola ukulephera kubala kuchuluka Napempha kwa kutentha mosiyanasiyana. Mu mankhwala, chikhalidwe wotchedwa hypothermia.

Thermogenesis akhoza akunjenjemera, kuti umachitika opanda nawo minofu. Kagayidwe mochedwa kapena inapita mchikakamizo cha pokonzekera mankhwala, ngati kuchuluka kupanga timadzi mu chithokomiro England ndi medulla adrenal, ndi bwino ntchito za mantha dongosolo chisoni. Zimayambitsa thermoregulation anthu Pankhaniyi bodza matenda tatchulawa cha ziwalo chithokomiro England, dongosolo chapakati mantha, kuphwanya kugwira ntchito adrenal. Information za kusintha kutentha zonse chimachita CNS. pakati kutentha ili mu gawo ting'onoting'ono ubongo wapakatikati, ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha. Iwo n'kopanda kutsogolo dera udindo kuwombola kutentha, ndi kumbuyo, udindo kupanga kutentha. CNS kudwala kapena kukanika ya ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha chikutsutsana ntchito zogwirizana mbali awa, amene zikuwononga amakhudza thermoregulation.

Mphamvu ya kutentha, kuwonjezera, ena ntchito mtima zimakhudza mahomoni T3 ndi T4 chithokomiro. M'chigawo yachibadwa kuti kusamalira kutentha, ziwiya constrict, ndi kuchepetsa izo, poyamba. Asayansi California asonyeza kuti mahomoni akhoza "kusokoneza" ziwiya, kuwachititsa adzalephera kulabadira kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwaiye ndi kufunika thupi lake. Mu yochizira matenda, nthawi zambiri anati kuphwanya thermoregulation odwala ndi matenda a chotupa mu ubongo kapena mavuto thyrotoxic.

The njira thupi

Iye ali ndi ntchito kutentha imfa chilengedwe, yomwe ikuchitika mwa njira zingapo:

1. cheza. Sizachilendo matupi onse ndi olamuliridwa, kutentha kwa amene ali wamkulu kuposa ziro. Cheza ndi mafunde mu atomu mu osiyanasiyana infuraredi. Pa kutentha 20 ° C ndi 60% chinyezi, wamkulu wotaya 50% wa kutentha kwake.

2. conduction, kutanthauza kutentha zomvetsa pa yozizira ku kukhudza zinthu. Izo zimatengera Malo pamalo polumikizana ndi kukhudzana nthawi.

3. Convection kuzirala kwa thupi zikutanthauza kuti particles a sing'anga (mpweya, madzi). particles amenewa ikukhudzana thupi kutenga kutentha, kutentha nyamukani, kupereka malo kwa particles latsopano yozizira.

4. evaporation. Izi ndi bwino kuti thukuta, komanso evaporation cha chinyezi kuchokera mucous pa kupuma.

M'nkhani sungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zimenezi pali kuphwanya thermoregulation za thupi. The zifukwa angakhale osiyana. Choncho, convection ndi imfa conduction kuti kusanduka ziro, kapena ngati munthu lili mu chovala osaphatikiza tangency ndi mpweya kapena chinthu ina, ndi nthunzi sizingatheke pa 100% chinyezi. Komano, lalikulu kutentha kutsegula tidzapeze phokoso la thermoregulation. Mwachitsanzo, convection kumatheka ndi mphepo ndi kuwonjezeka mobwerezabwereza madzi ozizira. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene anthu kudziwa ngakhale kusambira bwino, kufa mu ngozi.

Thermoregulation okalamba

ife anayang'ana pa pamwamba, kodi thermoregulation thupi la munthu ndi zimayambitsa kuyan'anila, koma popanda kutenga mbali nkhani zaka. Komabe, luso anthu kulamulira thupi kutentha pa kusinthika kwa moyo.

anthu Old zisakuyenda njira ya ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa, akuchita ziyenera a yozungulira kutentha. Iwo alibe mwachindunji kumva ataima ozizira pa ayezi pansi, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuyankha madzi otentha, mwachitsanzo, mu shawa. Choncho, n'zosavuta kuwononga okha (supercooled, scalds). Zinaonetsa kuti anthu achikulire ngakhale kudandaula ozizira, maganizo oipa, zikuoneka umboni kusakhutira, ndipo pamene inu anawalenga nyengo omasuka awa zoipa "Zizindikiro" onse chikhalidwe cha kuchepa senile kapena kutha.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu ambiri zakale kuzizira ngakhale ndi kutentha mwachilungamo omasuka mpweya. Iwo nthawi zambiri kuonedwa pa ofunda tsiku yotentha atavala yozizira. Zimasintha thermoregulation ndi chifukwa matenda magazi ndipo kuchepa madzi a hemoglobin.

anthu Old osati kuzizira, koma kutentha n'kuchita penapake mosiyana. Pa kutentha yozungulira, thukuta amayamba kenako ndi ntchito kubwezeretsa mfundo thupi kutentha msanga. M'mawu ena, zizindikiro za hypothermia kapena kutenthedwa, iwo anayamba kuoneka pasanafike pa achinyamata, ndi kuchira thupi zovuta kwambiri.

Kulakwila thermoregulation mwana

Pakuti thupi mwanayo amakhala ndi mbali zina za dongosolo la thermoregulation. Pa ana akhanda ndi opanda ungwiro kwambiri. Ana amabadwira ndi kutentha thupi mu uthunthu wa 37,7 ° C - 38,2 ° C. Patapita maola angapo imagwera pafupifupi 2 ° C, kenako kachiwiri ukufika 37 ° C, si chifukwa nkhawa. amadwala mwina kukusonyeza kuti matenda alionse. Kupanda ungwiro ntchito ya dongosolo thermoregulation makanda ayenera kulipidwa ndi chilengedwe cha Iye kukhale nyengo. Choncho, mwezi mpaka 1 ana ayenera kukhala mpweya kutentha 32 ° C - 35 ° C, ngati mwana undressed, ndi 23 ° C - 26 ° C, ngati zapelenut. Chepetsani thermoregulation ayenera kuyamba ndi losavuta - osati kuti azivala chipewa pa mutu. Mu ana okulirapo kuposa mwezi 1, mfundo kutentha ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi za 2 ° C.

Ana obadwa masiku asanakwane ndi mavuto ena ndi owongolera, kotero mu masiku oyambirira, masabata ndipo nthawizina ali iwo mu chipinda chapadera. mwai onse ndi iwo, kuphatikizapo chingwe, kukonza kudya komanso ikuchitika cuvettes.

Iwo limakhazikitsa kulamulira thupi kutentha zaka 8 zokha.

Kulakwila thermoregulation mu khanda angayambe pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

- ogwetsa zimakhudzanso ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha (yoopsa hypoxia, hypoxia generic, intracranial zoopsa pobereka);

- kobadwa nako CNS kudwala;

- hypothermia;

- kutenthedwa (kwambiri okutira);

- mankhwala (beta-blockers);

- kusintha kwa nyengo (zimachitika pamene mwapita pamodzi ndi makolo achichepere).

Makanda kutentha amayezedwa armpit ndi imatengedwa yachibadwa mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 36,4 ° C kwa 37,5 ° C. makhalidwe apansi zingasonyeze kutupikana, mtima insufficiency. makhalidwe apamwamba zimenezi zikusonyeza kunachitika kutupa thupi.

Zizindikiro za hypothermia thermoregulation

Timauza wa wonongeka mu ulamuliro wa thupi kutentha, pali zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za kuphwanya thermoregulation za thupi. Zizindikiro za supercooling kapena hypothermia ayamba kusonyeza kuchepetsa thupi kutentha poyerekeza 35 ° C. Chotero boma angayambe pa kukhudzana yaitali kuti nyengo yozizira kapena madzi. Pakuti anthu pafupifupi kutentha madzi mu osiyanasiyana 26-28 ° C si nkhani ayi, i.e., zingakhale mokwanira yaitali. Ndi kuchepetsa nthawi ya zolozerazi, zimenezi mu sing'anga amadzimadzi popanda kuwononga thanzi, amachepetsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa T = 18 ° C si upambana 30 minutes.

Hypothermia, malingana ndi zovuta akulowera ndi, limapangidwa njira zitatuzi:

- kuwala (thupi kutentha kwa 35 ° C kwa 34 ° C);

- zikutanthauza (T = 34 ° C ndi 30 ° C);

- aakulu (T = 30 ° C kwa 25 ° C).

Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe aang'ono:

- tsekwe tokhala;

- cyanosis;

- thupi kunthunthumira;

- kufupika kwa mpweya;

- nthawizina uko akuwonjezeka mfundo magazi.

Anaphwanya zina mwa njira thermoregulation akuchita.

Zizindikiro ozunzidwa ameneŵa:

- kuthamanga otsika magazi;

- bradycardia;

- kufupika kwa mpweya;

- constriction kuwatenga ophunzira;

- kutha kwa akunjenjemera mu thupi;

- mofulumira ululu tilinazo;

- chopinga wa bongo;

- imfa ya chikumbumtima;

- chikomokere.

Chithandizo cha hypothermia

Ngati, chifukwa supercooling kuphwanya zinachitika thermoregulation ya thupi, mankhwala ayenera umalimbana kuwonjezeka thupi kutentha. Mu hypothermia wofatsa chabe tsatani ndondomeko izi:

- kupita ku malo otentha;

- kumwa tiyi;

- pakani miyendo ndi kuvala masokosi;

- amasamba otentha.

Ngati simungathe mofulumira mu kutentha, m'pofunika kuyamba kayendedwe yogwira - kulumpha, akusisita manja (osati chisanu), thonje thupi zilizonse.

thandizo kwa kuphwanya yachiwiri thermoregulation, digiri makamaka lachitatu ayenera kupatsidwa anthu apamtima ngati wovulalayo sangathenso kudzisamalira. The aligorivimu ndi:

- kusuntha munthu ku ofunda;

- mwamsanga kuti avule zovala zake;

- mopepuka pakani thupi;

- kuti kukulunga mu bulangeti, ndipo bwino nsalu si breathable;

- ngati maganizo Pomeza reflex, kumwa zakumwa ofunda (tiyi, msuzi, madzi, mwauchidakwa!).

Ngati nkotheka, muyenera itanani ambulansi ndi kubweretsa wodwalayo kuchipatala kumene chithandizo idzachitike ntchito relaxants minofu, analgesics, mankhwala ozunguza bongo odana ndi yotupa, mavitamini. Nthawi zina, ikuchitika kuwatsitsimula, nthawi zina m'pofunika kudulapo miyendo frostbitten.

Ana, pakutchulidwa wa hypothermia limapezeka nthawi zambiri. Pamene supercooling ayenera okutira ofunda, kupereka chifuwa kapena mkaka ofunda. njira zabwino kwambiri zolimbikitsa thermoregulation ndi kuumitsa, kuti makolo ayenera kugwira mwana miyezi ya moyo. Pamisinkhu koyamba ndi malo osambira mpweya ndi mpweya wabwino. Kenako anawonjezera miyendo yonyowa kupukuta ndi nsalu, kutsuka ndi madzi ozizira, kusambira ndi kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kutentha madzi, kuyenda wosavala nsapato.

hyperthermia

Kukwera kutentha thupi, kapena hyperthermia ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse kuphwanya thermoregulation za thupi. zifukwa motere:

- Matenda ambiri (zoopsa, matenda, kutupa, dystonia);

- nthawi yaitali padzuwa;

- zovala, kumathandiza thukuta;

- nkhawa;

- kuchuluka zolimbitsa thupi;

- kudya.

Ngati wodwalayo zizindikiro za matenda (chifuwa, a m'mimba, vuto la kupweteka ziwalo, etc.), ayenera kukumana ndi mndandanda wa mayesero matenda kudziwa chifukwa cha kuwuka kutentha:

- magazi mayeso;

- mkodzo kuwunika;

- X-ray;

- ECG;

- ultrasound.

Popeza matenda, mankhwala ikuchitika anawulula matenda kufanana limabwezeretsa kutentha thupi ndi mfundo yachibadwa.

Ngati chifukwa kutenthedwa zinachitika thermoregulation chisokonezo, chithandizo ndi kulenga zinthu kubwezeretsa bwanji machitidwe thupi ntchito. Zizindikiro sunstroke amenewa:

- malaise;

- mutu;

- nseru;

- malungo;

- kuchuluka thukuta;

- zina zopweteka, imfa ya chikumbumtima, ndipo nosebleeds.

Wovulalayo ayenera kuyikidwa mu malo ozizira (makamaka bedi ndi kukweza miyendo), ndi:

- pa Mzere pamene angakwanitsire;

- misozi thupi ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza;

- kuvala mphumi ozizira compress;

- kumwa madzi ozizira mchere.

Kutentha sitiroko ndi a mitundu itatu mwamphamvu:

- kuwala (thupi kutentha kuchuluka pang'ono);

- zikutanthauza (T = 39 ° C kwa 40 ° C);

- aakulu (T = 41 ° C kwa 42 ° C).

mawonekedwe Easy akuwonekera mutu, kufooka, kutopa, kupuma mofulumira, tachycardia. Monga mankhwala kutenga ankasewera ndi kumwa madzi mchere.

Kulakwila thermoregulation wa thupi pakati pa mawonekedwe wasonyeza zizindikiro amenewa:

- kufooka;

- nseru ndi kusanza;

- mutu;

- tachycardia;

- zina imfa ya chikumbumtima.

Zizindikiro za akulu:

- chisokonezo ;

- kupweteka;

- thready zimachitika kawirikawiri;

- kupuma pafupipafupi, osaya;

- mtima kuwomba muffled;

- khungu otentha ndi youma;

- anuria;

- zinyengo ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo;

- kusintha mu magazi zikuchokera (kuchepetsa chlorides, kuwonjezeka urea ndi yotsalira asafe).

Pa njira yabwino ndi woopsa wa mankhwala tima, kuphatikizapo jekeseni "Promethazine" kapena "ntchito diazepam" zikuonetsa popereka analgesics, neuroleptics, mtima glycosides. Asanabwere kwa ambulansi wovulalayo ayenera undressed, misozi ndi madzi ozizira, kuika ayezi mu groin ndi m'khwapa, pa mphumi ndi khosi.

kuchepekedwa matenda thermoregulation

kudwala Izi anati mu hypothalamic kukanika, ndipo angasonyeze ngati hypo ndi hyperthermia.

zifukwa:

- kobadwa nako kudwala;

- kutupa;

- matenda intracranial;

- zotsatira cheza;

- bulimia;

- matenda a anorexia;

- kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi;

- ndi overabundance wa chitsulo.

zizindikiro:

- odwala mofanana bwino anakhalabe ndi ozizira ndi kutentha;

- zonse ozizira m'makona;

- masana kutentha sichitha;

- otsika kalasi malungo akuyankha kuti mankhwala glucocorticoids;

- kutsitsa kutentha ndi mfundo yachibadwa pambuyo akugona atalandira mankhwala;

- kusinthasintha kugwirizana kutentha ndi nkhawa psycho-maganizo;

- zizindikiro zina hypothalamic kukanika.

Chithandizo ikuchitika malingana zimayambitsa mavuto ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa. Nthawi zina ndi okwanira perekani wodwalayo chakudya chabwino, ena amafuna timadzi mankhwala, ndi wachitatu - opaleshoni.

perfrigeration syndrome komanso limasonyeza kuphwanya thermoregulation. Anthu amene ali ndi matenda izi mowirikiza kuzizira, ngakhale chilimwe. Kutentha Pankhaniyi zambiri yachibadwa kapena pang'ono kukwezeka, otsika kalasi malungo kumatenga nthawi yaitali ndi wonyong'onya. Anthu otero angakhale mwadzidzidzi amasulidwe kuthamanga, zimachitika umafulumizitsa, pali matenda kupuma ndi thukuta kwambiri, kusokoneza chilakolako chilimbikitso. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti chifukwa cha matenda perfrigeration ndi matenda mu mantha dongosolo autonomic.