Kusintha mizati Dziko Lapansi: pafupipafupi, zotsatira zake. Dzikoli

lathuli ali ndi maginito kuti zingaoneke Mwachitsanzo, ntchito kampasi. Iwo makamaka opangidwa mu otentha kwambiri lamkuwa maziko a dziko ndipo mwina anali kwambiri aliko nthawi dziko lapansi. Field ndi dipole, T. E. Iwo ali kumpoto ndi kummwera maginito. Iwo kampasi muvi chindunji pansi kapena mmwamba, motero. Izo zikuwoneka ngati munda wa maginito pa furiji. Komabe, munda geomagnetic a Dziko Lapansi akukumana kwambiri kusintha pang'ono izo zimapangitsa kufanizira untenable. Mulimonsemo, tikhoza kunena kuti tsopano pali mitengo iwiri, anaona padziko lapansili, wina ku kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndipo wina kumwera.

Geomagnetic munda inversion ndi ndondomeko imene South maginito mzati ndi n'kukhala kumpoto, ndi kuti, nayenso amakhala kum'mwera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuona kuti maginito zina pansi maulendo, osati kusintha a. Mu nkhani iyi, wayamba kufooka lalikulu mphamvu zake kwathunthu, ndiye mphamvu zokwawa singano wa kampasi lapansi. Pa lipite sasintha malangizo ake, ndipo anabwezeretsedwa ndi polarity chomwecho, ndi, kumpoto ndi kumpoto ndi kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera.

kangati zikusintha mizati Dziko Lapansi?

Pamene mbiri Geological, mphamvu ya maginito a dziko lathu unasintha polarity ambiri ake nthawi. Tikhoza kuona pa dongosolo chopezeka miyala chiphala, makamaka yotengedwa kuchokera pansi pa madzi. Pazaka zaka 10 miliyoni pafupifupi zinachitika 4 kapena 5 ankasinthana mu zaka milioni. Nthawi zina, mbiri ya dziko lathuli, mwachitsanzo, m'nthawi Cretaceous, panali yaitali kusintha zake dziko lapansi. Iwo n'zosatheka kuneneratu, ndipo iwo sali zonse. Choncho, ife tikhoza kulankhula za pafupifupi inversion imeneyi.

Akatswiri Dziko Lapansi maginito chikuchitika mu nthawi ino? Kodi ndingatani fufuzani?

The miyezo ya makhalidwe geomagnetic kwa dziko lathu unachitikira kwambiri kapena zochepa zonse kuyambira 1840. Ena miyezo Mwina pachibwenzi ku XVI atumwi, mwachitsanzo, mu Greenwich (London). Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa kachitidwe ya maginito mphamvu kusintha pa nthawi imeneyi, tikuona kuchepa ake. Forward mu nthawi deta ziyerekezo amapereka ziro dipole mphindi pafupifupi 1500-1600 zaka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti munda kungakhale mu magawo oyambirira inversion. Ku miphika wakale dongo magnetization maphunziro a mchere amadziwa kuti nthawi ya Roma zinali kawiri wamphamvu kuposa panopa.

Komabe, mphamvu panopa m'munda alibe nkhawa mawu a osiyanasiyana zake pa zapitazi 50 000, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imene kusintha kwambiri posachedwapa mizati dziko lapansi, ulendo pafupifupi 800 000 zaka. Komanso, kutenga nkhani zimene zinanenedwa kale za maulendo, ndi kudziwa za katundu zitsanzo masamu si bwino ngati n'zotheka extrapolate deta anati kwa zaka 1500.

Kodi kusala ndi inversion zake?

Full mbiri ya nayenso osachepera wina akusowa, kotero mawu zonse zimene anachita makamaka zochokera zitsanzo masamu, mwina umboni okha analandira kuchokera miyala kuti anapitiriza amaonekera wa kumunda wakale maginito kwa nthawi mapangidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti kusintha okwana mizati Dziko Lapansi zingatenge kwa chaka chimodzi mpaka zaka zikwi zingapo. Ndi kudya mawu miyala, koma pang'onopang'ono pamlingo moyo wa anthu.

Kodi chimachitika pa chonchi? Kodi tikuona pa dziko lapansili?

Monga tanena tili deta zochepa za dongosolo la Geological kusintha muyeso kumunda panthawi inversion ndi. Kuchokera pa zitsanzo za, anaikira yopanga, munthu angayembekezere ndi zambiri dongosolo zovuta padziko lapansili, limene palibe kum'mwera ndi chimodzi kumpoto maginito mtengo. Earth amafuna awo "ulendo" pa udindo wake panopa kwa equator, ndipo kudzera mwa iye. Onse munda mphamvu kulikonse mu dziko sungachititse kuposa wina khumi kufunika kwake pa mphindi.

Kuopsa kwa navigation

Popanda chishango maginito zamakono adzakhala pa chiopsezo chachikulu kukhudzana ndi mikuntho dzuwa. Pachiopsezo kwambiri ndi makina. Iwo cholinga kupirira mkuntho dzuwa, pakalibe maginito ilipodi. Choncho, ngati GPS makina isiya kugwira ntchito, ndiye ndege onse adzapatsidwa anabzala pansi.

Kumene, ndege Zimalondolera kuti ngati kubwerera, koma iwo ndithudi sadzakhala zolondola pa nthawi ya maginito mzati kosangalatsa. Choncho ngakhale kwambiri wonongeka GPS makina adzakhala okwanira okhalapo ndege - apo ayi angasiye navigation awo pa ndege.

Court adzakumana ndi mavuto omwewo.

ozoni

Zikuoneka kuti pa inversion ya maginito ya Earth ozoni kwathunthu Mwamsanga (ndi anatchulidwanso pambuyo pake). Large dzuwa namondwe pa kukhota zingachititse zikutha m'mayiko wosanjikiza ozoni. chiwerengero cha odwala matendawa khungu kuwonjezera 3 khola. Impact pa zamoyo zonse zili zovuta kulosera, koma zikhoza kukhala zoopsa.

Kusintha zake maginito ya Earth: akukhudza mphamvu

Kafukufuku wina chachikulu mikuntho dzuwa anafotokozedwa Nkosatheka chifukwa inversion kumalo ozizira. Mu china - zikuoneka kuti chochitika ichi chidzakhala likutentha, koma mwina chifukwa kulalikira mwakhama dzuwa. Pa zitasintha kuteteza munda maginito sadzakhala ndi ngati pali namondwe dzuwa, zinthu adzakhala poipa kwambiri. Moyo padziko lathuli sakanati anakhudzidwa wonse, ndi anthu amene sadalira sayansi, kudzakhala mu dongosolo. Koma tsogolo la Dziko adzavutika kwambiri ngati zitasintha kuchitika msanga. Intaneti magetsi adzaleka ntchito (iwo akhoza kuletsa iwo lalikulu dzuwa mkuntho, ndi inversion zidzakhudza kwambiri kwambiri). Popeza magetsi sadzakhala madzi ndi sewerage, gasi kusiya kugwira ntchito, kusiya chakudya cha. Mwachangu wa misonkhano mwadzidzidzi adzatchedwa mu funso, ndipo iwo sangathe bwanji chinachake. Iwo kupha mamiliyoni ndi mabiliyoni amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Okhawo amene Pre-ndi chakudya chochuluka, madzi, adzatha kuthana ndi vutolo.

dziko cheza choopsa

munda wathu geomagnetic ndi udindo kutsekereza pafupifupi 50% kunyezimira kwa dziko. Choncho, pakalibe iwiri milingo cheza dziko. Ngakhale kuti adzatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka masinthidwe, zotsatira woopsa wa lino simudzasowa. Komano, chifukwa chimodzi zotheka ndi poleshift kuonjezera ntchito dzuwa. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa particles mlandu kufika dziko. Pankhaniyi, tsogolo la dziko lapansi adzamva ngozi yaikulu.

Kaya kupitiriza moyo padziko lathuli?

masoka achilengedwe, onsewa ndi chodziwikiratu. Munda geomagnetic ndi mu chigawo cha malo otchedwa magnetosphere popangidwa ndi mphepo dzuwa. The magnetosphere deflects si onse particles mkulu-mphamvu imene inali ndi Sun ndi mphepo dzuwa ndi zina mu Way. Nthawi zina, nyenyezi athu akhala kalikiliki Mwachitsanzo, pamene pali kwambiri mawanga, ndipo akhoza kutumiza mtambo wa tinthu malangizo dziko lapansi. M'masiku ndimakwiya dzuwa ndi coronal misa ejections, chombo mu otsika Earth kanjira, mungafunike chitetezo zina kupewa mlingo waukulu wa poizoni. Tsono ife tikudziwa kuti mphamvu ya maginito a dziko lathuli lili ndi zochepa chabe, osati zonse chitetezo ku cheza dziko. Komanso, particles mkulu-mphamvu akhoza inapita patsogolo ngakhale magnetosphere lapansi.

Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi amachita ngati wosanjikiza zina zodzitetezera, kuima onse koma ambiri yogwira dzuwa ndi galactic cheza. Popeza ndi maginito m'mlengalenga munda adzapitiriza kwambiri cheza cha. Air m'chimake amatiteteza monga bwino monga wosanjikiza konkire 4 mamita wakuda.

popanda zotsatira

Anthu ndi makolo awo lapansi kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri amene panali zambiri inversions, ndipo palibe malumikizanidwe kwakulu pakati pa iwo ndi chitukuko cha anthu. Mofananamo, nthawi zitasintha Kodi sizigwirizana ndi nthawi ya kutha kwa mitundu, umboni ndi mbiri miyala.

Nyama zina, monga nkhunda ndi zinsomba ntchito m'munda geomagnetic kuyenda. Kungoganiza kuti zitasintha zimatenga zaka zikwi zingapo, mwachitsanzo mpaka kalekale m'mibadwo ambiri a mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo, ndiye nyama kuti zigwirizane bwino kwa kagwiridwe maginito kapena kukhala njira zina navigation.

Linanso luso

Gwero la m'munda maginito ndi chitsulo wolemera madzi akunja maziko a dziko lapansi. Iwo amachita kayendedwe zovuta chifukwa kutentha convection mumtima phata ndi kasinthasintha wa dziko. madzimadzi zoyenda ndi mosalekeza ndipo sanasiye ngakhale pa kutembenuka. Iwo akhoza kusiya pokhapokha kutopa wa gwero mphamvu. Kutentha amapangidwa mu gawo chifukwa kutembenuka kwa madzi kwathunthu olimba oyenerera pakati pa Dziko Lapansi. ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mosalekeza kwa zaka mabiliyoni angapo. Mu kumtunda kwa phata limene lili mu Km 3000 pansi pa pansi chofunda miyala, madzimadzi amatha kuyenda pa liwiro la makumi makilomita motsogozedwa yopingasa pa chaka. kayendedwe ake kudutsa mizere alipo mphamvu kubala mafunde magetsi, ndi, iwonso, kupanga ndi maginito. Zimenezi amatchedwa advection. Pofuna kukwaniritsa kukula kwa munda, ndipo potero ziziyenda r Mukhoza N.. "Geodynamo" chofunika mayamwidwe pa munda umene "kutayikira" wa phata kwe. Pomaliza pake, otaya madzimadzi amalenga chithunzi yovuta ya maginito pa dziko lapansili ndi kusintha zovuta nthawi.

kuwerengetsera Computer

Geodynamo zoyeserera pa yopanga waonetsa zovuta za kuthengo ndi makhalidwe ake pa nthawi. kuwerengetsera ikusonyezanso ndi inversion wa polarity, pamene pali kusintha mizati dziko lapansi. Mu zoyeserera izi choyambirira dipole mphamvu wofooka 10% ya yachibadwa (koma osati kuti ziro), ndi mizati alipo angathe amayendayenda padziko lonse molumikizana ndi nthawi zina kumpoto ndi mizati kum'mwera.

A chitsulo cholimba mkati maziko a dziko lathuli mu zitsanzo izi mbali yofunika kulamulira ndondomeko zitasintha. Chifukwa uliri olimba, izo sizingakhoze kupanga maginito advection, koma mmunda uliwonse umene kwaiye mu akunja pakati opatsa akakufunsani kapena kufalitsa mu m'mudzimo. Advection mu pachimake kunja, zikuoneka kuti nthawi zonse amayesetsa invert. Koma pamene m'munda linatseka pachimake mkati, choyamba, si akakufunsani, kusintha kwenikweni mu mizati Dziko Lapansi maginito sizidzachitika. Mwaichi, pachimake mkati chimatsutsana mayamwidwe minda aliyense "watsopano", ndipo mwina munthu mmodzi yekha khumi kufuna ngati ukuyenda zitasintha.

anomalies maginito

Kuyenera anatsindika kuti, ngakhale zotsatira mupezamo mwa iwo okha, ndi sakudziwika ngati iwo akhoza zimachitika ndi anthu. Komabe, tili ndi chitsanzo masamu ya maginito ya dziko lathuli pa zaka 400 zapitazi, ndi deta oyambirira zochokera kuzipenya wa a panyanjawa ndi wamalonda asilikali. Extrapolation kwa kapangidwe mkati mwa dziko lapansi chikusonyeza kuwonjezeka pa zigawo nthawi backflow pa malire a pakati ndi chovala. Pa mfundo zimenezi kampasi singano ndi zochokera, poyerekeza ndi madera ozungulira, zosiyana - kuchokera mkati kapena pakati. malowa ndi n'zosiyana otaya kum'mwera Atlantic Ocean mu malo oyamba amachititsa chifooke munda waukulu. Iwo ali ndi udindo kwa voteji osachepera, wotchedwa Brazil maginito anomaly, likulu la yomwe inali pansi pa America South. M'dera limeneli, particles ndi mphamvu mkulu angafikemo kwambiri Padziko Lapansi, n'kuchititsa chiopsezo cheza chodziwa kuti nthambi mu otsika Earth kanjira.

Pali zambiri zofunika kuti zichitidwe kumvetsa za katundu wa dongosolo kwambiri kwa dzikoli. Ndi dziko pamene anzathu ndi kutentha ofanana pamwamba pa dzuwa, ndi kumvetsa kwathu asayansi pa malire ake.