Linali dzina la Gogol chiyani? Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Gogol

Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol - mmodzi wa zapamwamba wotchuka mabuku Russian. mbiri yake waphimbika mu zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi. Mwina bwanji ndakatulo ndi prose ntchito, chifukwa ntchito zake komanso mwadzaza zongoganiza.

Nkhani lachinsinsi la Gogol

moyo Gogol anali wolemera ndipo zonse mphindi zomvetsa chisoni. Pa moyo wa ndakatulo anakumana ndi mphekesera, nthawi zambiri kupititsidwa patsogolo. The zifukwa anali ambiri: Gogol ankatchedwa munthu kutsekedwa, pafupifupi wocheza ndi anthu. Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa yake wakhala oposa theka zaka zambiri, lero za moyo wake pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika.

Gogol, chidwi zokhudza moyo umene kupitiriza adzatseguka pa tsiku limeneli, anali atapotoza mythologizing mbiri yake. Choncho mwadala anakhala chete za moyo wake, ndipo ngakhale abwere ndi nkhani zimenezo sizinachitike kwa iye mu moyo weniweniwo.

Banja la wolemba kwambiri ndipo Wolemba wina

Kodi mukudziwa dzina Gogol kwenikweni? Mikuluwiko anamuzungulira kuyambira kubadwa. Wolemba ndakatulo anachokera wolemekezeka wolemekezeka banja Gogol-Jankowski, wochokera m'zaka 17. Nthano banja ali kuti amene anayambitsa banja Chiyukireniya Cossack anali Ostap Gogol - hetman ya kumanja Bank Ukraine.

bambo Gogol a - Vasily Gogol Afanasievich-Jankowski. Basil Afanasievich anali mlembi, wolemba ndakatulo Wolemba wina. ntchito zawo (kuti kwakukulukulu, masewero chifukwa owonetsera zing'onozing'ono) analemba Chiyukireniya. Izi anakhudzanso tsogolo la Nikolai wamng'ono, amene mwatsoka bambo ake anamwalira m'banda - mnyamatayo anali atachoka zaka 15 pa nthawi ya imfa yake.

Mayi ake anali ndakatulo ndi novelist Maria Ivanovna Gogol. Kuti amaona "zikuoneka kuti" chizolowezi mwana yachipembedzo ndi zongoganiza. Kuwonjezera Nikolai m'banja lawo anali ndi ana khumi. Gogol anali wachitatu, ndi zoona, mwana wamkulu m'banjamo - ana awiri woyamba anabadwa akufa.

Mbiri chinsinsi cha namatetule wamkulu: Kodi dzina la Gogol

Monga dzina Gogol? Ngakhale kuti mfundo imeneyi mbiri kuti Chikukambidwa ndi azambiriyakale ndi biographers, pobadwa, monga ife tonse tikudziwa, ndakatulo iyi dzina lake Nikolai. Koma ochepa mukudziwa kuti kubadwa kwa mnyamata wina dzina lake Yanovsky. Mwa njira, ndi zaka 12 tingachipeze powerenga Russian ankavala dzina hyphenated: Gogol-Yanovsky. Akukhulupirira kuti wolemba, osati kudziwa mbiri ya chiyambi cha dzina ili, anaponya chifukwa iye anaganiza anatulukira Zitsulo.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa momwe dzina la kubadwa Gogol a, angakuuzeni mfundo zina zosangalatsa ku moyo wa Gogol.

Zotsatira za ubwana pa zilandiridwenso Gogol

Great Wolemba wina wa ubwana wake anathera m'mudzi. mnyamatayo zonse kumizidwa mu chikhalidwe cha moyo Chiyukireniya. Ndipo za moyo wa anthu wamba ndi antchito iye ankadziwa bwino za moyo wa fuko lomveka a. Iwo zakhudza ambiri ntchito za Gogol. Iye ankafunitsitsa kwambiri pa Chiyukireniya chikhalidwe ndi mbiri. Ngakhale anapita ku St Petersburg, wolemba wamng'ono sanaleke kubwezeretsanso nzeru zawo - m'makalata, anafunsa mayi ake kuti anene zambiri za moyo wa anthu osauka ndipo Pana.

Chidwi mabuku ndi luso ambiri anatuluka mnyamata oyambirira zokwanira - pa kusukulu. Monga wophunzira a sekondale, ankakonda zisudzo otentha ankachita masewera, amene analenga ndi anzake.

wolemba sukulu masiku

Pa zaka khumi, makolo a Nicholas wamng'ono anamutumiza Nezhinskaja sukulu. N'zomvetsa chisoni kwa iwo, mnyamata sakuchita bwino kusukulu, koma Pamlingo waukulu uwu wakhala mwambo wa vinyo.

Panali mavuto ndi kuphunzira mabuku Russian. phunziro mphunzitsi amakana ofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe cha olemba mabuku ndi ndakatulo monga Pushkin ndi Zhukovsky. The chifukwa cha njira imeneyi inali chidwi chenicheni kuwatenga ophunzira kuti mabuku chikondi cha m'ma 19.

Mapangidwe N. V. Gogolya zolembalemba

Nditamaliza maphunziro ku zolimbitsa thupi mu 1828, tingachipeze powerenga adenda kumzinda wa mwayi waukulu - Petersburg. Mbali imeneyi ya moyo wakhala mmodzi wa ovuta kwambiri pa moyo wake, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndi asonyeza. opata, anamusiyira mayi ake noblewoman moyo mumzinda waukulu, sadzachitanso mokwanira, ndipo Gogol anatenga Civil Service kuti posachedwapa anamukola iye.

Ndiye Nikolai Gogol analowa mabuku. Ntchito zake zoyamba lofalitsidwa pansi pseudonyms, anyozedwa ndi anthu, ndi wolemba wosimidwa namuka kukafuna moyo wabwino. Komabe, ndipo anakhala kumeneko yekha mwezi, kenako anabwerera ku St. Petersburg.

Malinga ndi kuzipenya wa namatetule tsogolo la mabuku Russian, tsiku ndi tsiku komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu Chiyukireniya anakopeka osati Ukrainians, komanso Russian. Zinali ndiye kuti maganizo ake anayamba kuumba dongosolo la wotchuka "madzulo pa Farm pafupi Dikanka". Mnyamata analimbikira kufunsa mayi ake, amene amakhala m'mudzi, kumuuza za osadziwika Chiyukireniya chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya nthano Chiyukireniya mipukutu ndi zovala. Zonsezi chinamuthandiza kwambiri ndi molondola akamachita ndi Little Russian mudzi ndi okhalamo.

Mu 1830, kuwala uchoka woyamba bwino mankhwala a Gogol "madzulo tsiku lotsatira Ivana Kupala" amasindikizidwa "Mfundo za Lathu" mu 1830. Koma mbiri weniweni ndi kuzindikira anabweretsa wolemba achinyamata "madzulo pa Farm pafupi Dikanka", "May Night" ndi "Sorochintsy Fair".

Kuyambira nthawi kuti moyo wolembayo anazondoketsedwa.

Kodi n'chiyani chinamuchititsa kuti chilengedwe cha Gogol?

Mu 1830 a Nikolai anakumana ndi P. A. Pletnevym, V. A. Zhukovskim ndi A. S. Pushkinym, amene ochuluka mukopedwe chilengedwe mabuku a Gogol.

Chilichonse pa moyo zapamwamba zolembalemba anapeza chinyezimiro mu ntchito zake. Patapita nthawi, anayamba zambiri Inabuka moyo likulu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuwala adatuluka, "St. Petersburg Nkhani", wopangidwa mwa nkhani 5:

• "Nevsky Chiyembekezo".
• "The chikhoto"
• "Diary wa wamisala wina."
• "Chithunzicho".
• "Mphuno."

Collection zogwirizana osati kokha chifukwa vuto wamba, komanso malo wamba kanthu - mzinda wa St. Petersburg, kumene N. V. Gogol moyo.

chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito yake, wolemba anapereka chithunzi cha St. Petersburg. mzinda analemba zambiri: olemba ndi ndakatulo. Kwa iwo, Petersburg sanali mzinda - izo zinali chizindikiro cha Russia latsopano ndi tsogolo lake yowala.

Ochepa amaimirira ntchito yake yaikulu ya likulu duality. Anthu ankaona kuti si "Grad Petrov" komanso pothawirapo zoipa. Wamkulu ndakatulo wa m'badwo wagolide, A. S. Pushkin, mmodzi wa oyamba anawulula ambiguity wa "mzinda pa Neva." Iye ananena kuti "mzinda wokongola, mudzi wa anthu osauka."

Makamaka kwambiri vutoli ndi kuwuluridwa mu "Nevsky Chiyembekezo". Pakuti luster waukulu msewu zobisika ziyembekezo mantha, mavuto nzika wamba. Mu nkhani mzinda osayanjanitsika mavuto a anthu - onse kuthamanga ndi ndalama ndi mabungwe mabungwe. Mfundo zabwino ndi zoipa likulu akhala anawonongedwa. Ndi lingaliro lofanana watsegula ndi N. V. Gogol. Chiwembu cha ntchito zambiri kuchitikanso mu St. Petersburg: ndi osokoneza ndiponso "mphuno" ndipo "Diary wa wamisala ndi", "The chikhoto" ndi "Nevsky Prospekt". Petersburg Gogol - malo a ana mumsewu ndi akuluakulu osauka. chithunzi ichi akutsutsidwa ndi chifaniziro ochiritsira mwa likulu - ndi yapamwamba, ulesi, ubwino wake khungu.

Komano, Gogol likulu - mzinda komwe zongoganiza ndi zenizeni moyo monga munthu.

Mirgorod mu moyo ndi ntchito ya Gogol

Ngakhale St. Petersburg ndipo anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ntchito za Gogol, malo oyamba izo wotanganidwa Chiyukireniya folklore. Kuwonjezera ntchito wochititsa chidwi monga "madzulo pa Farm pafupi Dikanka" ndi "May Night", wolemba analemba angapo nkhani zina achipembedzo, amene amaphatikizidwa mu magulu "Mirgorod". Gogol zodabwitsa anasankha zosonkhanitsira wake wa dzina ili; mzinda Myrhorod limapezeka pa ntchito yake "The nthano za Kodi Ivan Ivanovich anakangana ndi Ivan Nikiforovich".

Komanso mu chopereka zikuphatikizapo zinthu zina zimene zimadziwika kuti kusukulu:

• "Wii."
• "Taras Bulba".
• "Old World nzika".

Chifukwa ndendende Mirgorod? Gogol mwadala malowa. Iye sanali kutali ndi mudzi wa Great Sorochintsy, kumene Nicholas wamng'ono anakhala ubwana wake ndi unyamata. Mudzi lomweli anaŵerengera ntchito zake "Sorochintsy Fair".

Mu onse a Ukraine, makamaka, m'dera Mirgorod lero kulemekeza chikumbukiro cha countryman kwambiri. Kulikonse Tingaone osati zipilala wodzipereka kwa wolemba, komanso misewu, mahotela, mamotelo, mabwalo, zipatala, malaibulale, dzina lake ulemu.

The m'maganizo a nkhani Gogol a

Bwinobwino zinthu zonse zikhoza olekanitsidwa yeniyeni NKHANI Gogol. Nthawi zina mu moyo wa wolemba lero ndi zinthu za m'manja, koma ntchito zawo Gogol zinali zolondola kwambiri komanso osapita m'mbali.

Kalembedwe kulenga ya wolemba kuzindikira kwambiri. Kuti ndi wapadera M'kalata yake yopita Gogol analoledwa kukhala mmodzi wa olemba aakulu a Golden Age. ndakatulo yake yoyamba "Ganz Kyuhelgarten" omwe anafalitsa pansi pseudonym munthu, analephera momvetsa chisoni. Chifukwa cha ichi anali kufuna kulemba ndakatulo kalembedwe wa chikondi Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo.

Kunena pambuyo pake anali olembedwa m'njira chikondi, koma iwo ayamba kutuluka khalidwe lapadera kulemba Gogol a. Patapita kanthawi, wolemba, motsogoleredwa ndi Pushkin, anatenga Inde pa Kuzindikira yovuta. Ngakhale Gogol anangoti wakeyo, iye ndisanayesepo kuchita pa chitsanzo cha ntchito Pushkin a.

Ntchito mochedwa wolemba anali kuloza bwino chikhalidwe. Gogol anali oyamba angathe molondola kusonyeza akamanena za vuto la "mwamuna wamng'ono" mu chivundi Russian. Iye mwaluso kunyoza zotukwana ndi waulesi ano munthu, pamtunda zotsutsana chikhalidwe cha nthawi.

mwapadera Ntchito oyambirira a Nikolai. Ntchito izi nawo mbali wamba maonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, chinsinsi ndi chikondi, limaonetseratu ndi "moyo" yofotokoza moyo Chiyukireniya, maumboni folklore Chiyukireniya.

mwakhama chonchi ndi zachilendo: wolembayo ubwana mu Ukraine. Kwa zaka zambiri, moyo wake umakhudza miyambo ndi chikhalidwe Chiyukireniya. Mu ntchito zimenezi makamaka pali mystique - iwo kuyang'ana kwambiri ngati zakuda nthano. Mu zolemba zake, Gogol mwaluso amaphatikiza mfundo imeneyi ndiponso mwachinsinsi otherworldly mphamvu - pafupi anthu Chiyukireniya moyo losavuta ndi mfiti mermaids, ndipo ngakhale ziwanda.

namatetule imfa

mafunso ambiri okhudza moyo wa wolemba kwambiri ndiponso zodabwitsa nkhawa ndi maganizo a anthu. linali dzina la Gogol chiyani? Anali atakwatira? Kodi pali ana a wake? Koma funso waukulu anatsala ndi apa ndi kuchititsa zambiri mtsutso - chifukwa cha imfa ya Gogol.

Mpaka pano, palibe amene anganene mmene kuwala kumanzere namatetule uyu wa ganizo zolembalemba. Akatswiri ambiri, biographers ndi akatswiri zolembalemba atapereka m'Baibulo lawo la imfa yake. Mmodzi wa ambiri, koma ali sanapezeke chitsimikiziro Baibulo limanena kuti wolemba anaikidwa m'manda wamoyo.

Izi alidi kusintha mantha ya imfa tingachipeze powerenga unayambitsidwa mu 1931. Popeza kumanda kumene anaikidwa m'manda, anali lithe, anaganiza rebury izo. Pa mwambo wa nawo olemba ambiri otchuka, ndipo pamene m'bokosi linatsegulidwa, mboni ndi mantha anapeza kuti mafupa Gogol anali atagona ndi mutu wake atautembenuzira ku mbali imodzi.

uthenga Izi zayambitsa flurry zokambirana osati malo zolembalemba ndi mbiri yakale, komanso pakati pa anthu wamba. Mwamwayi, chodabwitsa ali tsatanetsatane: woyamba kukhala lawola ndondomeko mbali ya matabwa bokosi, ndi bokosi chivindikiro, zomwe ziribe akugwirizana kwambiri, ayamba kuthamanga pa mutu mtembo, moti kutembenukira "Atlantov" linkawonongeka. Akatswiri m'manda, zimachitika kumapeto, ndipo Gogol si woyamba, mmodzi manda opezeka kaimidwe izi.

Zinthu zovuta chifukwa chakuti mantha lalikulu linali Nikolai m'manda wamoyo. Ngakhale pa moyo wake, iye anaona kuti boma umamumvera otchedwa "ulesi" monga anachita m'dzikoli palibe, ndi kugunda kubweza pansi ndithu, ndi zimachitika salinso palpable. Pachifukwa ichi, iye anapanga chifuniro limene analamula kuti wamuika m'manda yekha zizindikiro kumaonekera mtembo kuwonongeka. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti Bakuman wolemba m'manda wamoyo ngakhale wamkulu chinsinsi.

Wina, osati mantha Baibulo la imfa ya upamwamba wa - poyizoni calomel (Mercury munali mankhwala ntchito cha m'ma 19). Wolemba yekha anali sachedwa matenda ambiri, choncho kuchizidwa zosiyanasiyana madokotala. Ndi kulakwitsa mankhwala akhoza kupha wa Gogol.

Baibulo atsopano ndi otchuka kwambiri, koma si chimatengedwa ngati nduna.

Choncho, akukhulupirira kuti Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol anafa chifukwa kutopa chifukwa cha njala. upamwamba Contemporary anabvomereza kuti iye analidi sachedwa kuvutika limati ndipo chopambanitsa chidwi pa chipembedzo, ndipo atatero kusunga njira wokonda moyo wodzimana a moyo ndi kukana zosangalatsa chithupithupi.

Kuthamangitsa kupambana kwa mzimu pa thupi la Gogol njala ndekha kulimbikira kukana chakudya. sabata A pamaso pa chiyambi cha Lenti anatenga kusankha kusiya ntchito, chakudya ndi kuchepetsa kulankhula ndi anthu.

Asanafe anawatentha katundu wawo, pamene akulongosola, "mchikakamizo cha mzimu wakuipa." masiku awiri asanamwalire chikhalidwe wolemba lafika poipa - iye anatenga pakama wake amakana anakana thandizo lililonse maganizo okonzeka imfa. Madokotala sanaleke kuyesera kuchiza wolemba, koma February 21, 1852 Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol kufa.

Tsopano Gogol anamuika ku Moscow Novodevichy manda. Wolemba zapita mu unyamata, koma, ngati wotsutsa zolembalemba VA Nikolaev, ndi "imfa, wodzazidwa ndi tanthauzo la uzimu," ndipo kodi wolemba ankafuna.