Mabuku Chivalric wa Ages Middle: A mndandanda ndi ndemanga

Knight a mabuku - mzere yaikulu ya ntchito, omwe anayamba mu Ages Middle. Zinali ngwazi amapanga chintchito wankhondo ang'onoang'ono. Wotchuka mankhwala a mderali: unakhazikitsidwa mu France Gotfridatom Strasbourg "Nyimbo ya Roland" mu Germany - "Tristan ndi Isolde" (ndime buku) ndi "The Song wa Nibelungs" mu Spain - "Rodrigo" ndi "The Song wa Cid "ndi ena.

The sukulu ndi kuvomerezedwa zazikulu mutu wa "Literature A Knight a" (kalasi 6). Ana ndi nkhani ya magwero ake a Mitundu chachikulu, bwino ntchito yaikulu. Komabe, nkhani ya "mabuku A Knight a Ages Middle" (kalasi 6) muli wothinikizidwa, kusankha, anaphonya mfundo zina zofunika. M'nkhani ino tikufuna kwambiri kuulula kuti owerenga anali ndi lingaliro bwino za izo.

ndakatulo Knight a

mabuku Knight ikuphatikiza osati mabuku, komanso ndakatulo yomwe anaimba matamando wokhulupirika kwa dona wina wa mtima. Kwa iye, Ankhondo pa chiopsezo moyo pansi mayesero osiyanasiyana. Amalemekeza chikondi nyimbo ya ndakatulo oimba otchedwa minnesingers ku Germany, troubadours - kumwera kwa France, ndi trouveres - kumpoto kwa dziko. Olemba odziwika bwino kwambiri - Bertran De Anabadwa, Arnaud Daniel, Dzhaufre Rudel. Mu English mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 13 zofunika kwambiri chipilala - ndi ballad wodzipereka kwa Robin nyumba.

mabuku Chivalric mu Italy ukufanizidwa makamaka lyric ndakatulo. Anakhazikitsa kalembedwe latsopano olimbikitsa chikondi cha dona, Guido Guinizelli, Bolognese ndakatulo. Yaikulu ya nthumwi zake - Guido Cavalcanti ndi Brunetto Latini, ndi Florentines.

Chithunzi cha Knight ndi dona wokongola

Mawu "Knight" akutanthauza German "wokwera". Kukhala wankhondo, iye anali pa nthawi yomweyo waulemu kwambiri, kulambira mayi wa mumtima, kukhala otukuka. Ndi ndi mwambo wa otsiriza ndipo panali courtly ndakatulo. Oimira anaimba chisomo wake ndi kukongola, ndi madona kwambiri ankapatsidwa mokoma mtima umenewu zojambulajambula, limene anatamanda iwo. Zinali chapamwamba chivalric mabuku. Zithunzi m'nkhani ino, akutitsimikizira izi.

Courtly chikondi, ndithudi, kunali kumlingo lachabechabe, chifukwa kwathunthu subordinated kukhoti zodyera. Anaimba matamando a donayo, monga ulamuliro, anali mkazi wa suzerain lapansi. Ndipo Ankhondo ali mu chikondi ndi iye, anakhalabe ogwira mwaulemu. Choncho zosafunikira nyimbo pofuna ndi cholinga wamkazi, anazungulira onse ang'onoang'ono pabwalo nzeru exclusivity.

courtly ndakatulo

chikondi Courtly chinali chinsinsi, kotero musati angayerekeze kuitana pa dzina la dona wake. Zimangooneka ngati mmene osema molemekeza.

Analengedwa pa nthawi ya malemba ndakatulo kwambiri, ndipo analembedwa ndi ambiri a iwo watayika. Koma pakati pa colorless ambiri choncho pali catchy, kanjedza yowala. The troubadours wotchuka anali Giraut de A Borneyl, Bernart de A Ventadorn, Marcabru, Dzhaufre Rudel, Peirol.

Mitundu ya ndakatulo courtly

Pali mitundu yambiri ya courtly ndakatulo mu Provence, koma ambiri ndi: Alba, Canson, pastorela, ballad maliro tensona, sirventes.

Canson (yomasulira - "nyimbo") zili Nkhani kupanga chikondi lathu.

Alba (kutanthauza kuti "nthanda") inapatulidwa ndi kugawanika, chikondi lapansi. Iwo ananena kuti anthu okonda aswe pambuyo msonkhano chinsinsi pa chiyambi cha njira yake imatiuza kapolo kapena ataima mlonda aliyense.

Pastorela - nyimbo amene amasimba za msonkhano wa cowherd ndi Knight.

Wolemba ndakatulo akufuna kulira, kulira cholowa chawo, kapena maliro a munthu kumuyandikira.

Tensona - mtundu wa mkangano zolembalemba, amene anapezeka ndi awiri kapena ndakatulo, kapena dona okongola ndi ndakatulo, wolemba ndakatulo Chikondi.

Sirventes - nyimbo komwe bwanji zina, zofunika kwambiri zomwe ndi: Ndani ali woyenera kukonda kwambiri - ndi chinyozo Baron kapena suave wamba?

Izi, mwachidule mabuku knightly courtly.

Troubadours, amene takambirana kale, ali woyamba courtly ndakatulo ya Europe. Atatha iwo German "oimba chikondi" - minnesingers. Koma chinthu cha chibadwidwe ndakatulo awo zatenganso mbali kakang'ono kuposa mu Romance anapambana m'malo khalidwe kamvekedwe.

Polemba chinenero cha chikondi

M'zaka za m'ma 12 zinali zodzaza ndi zikamera wa mabuku courtly ndi chikondi - ndi mtundu wanyimbo latsopano. Pangani kumafunikanso ena kuposa maganizo a kulenga a dziko ndi kudzoza, ndi zinthu zambiri. Knight ndi mabuku m'tawuni kumagwirizana. Olemba anthu ake, asayansi ambiri ayenera kuyesera kuyanjanitsa zinthu akutsatira ofanana onse pamaso pa Mulungu, ndi makhalidwe ndi miyambo ya chi zinalili mu chowonadi. Monga kuukira ndi inawo kulimbikitsa zolinga ulemu. makhalidwe ichi, chimene amasonyeza mabuku courtly ku Middle Ages, anali zosatheka, koma ilo limawonetsa mu buku la.

French zachikondi

The heyday zosonyeza wake Chiburetoni mkombero. Yotchuka kwambiri ya mabuku zino monga: "Brutus," "Erec ndi Enid," "Klizhes", "Tristan ndi Isolde", "Iveyn", "Wokongola Mlendo", "Parsifal", "Romance ya Grail", "Oipa churchyard "," Perlesvaus, "" Imfa ya Arthur "ndi ena.

Mu France, Knight mabuku akale zinayimiridwa bwino. Komanso, kunyumba kwa woyamba wa chivalry. Iwo anali mtundu wa maphatikizidwe wa retelling Chakumapeto kwa Ovidi, Virgil, Homer, ndi epic Acelt nthano nkhani za mayiko osadziwika wa Akhristu ndi kurtuaznyh nyimbo.

Chretien de A Troyes anali mmodzi wa amene adayambitsa polemba chinenero chimenechi. chilengedwe chotchuka kwambiri "Iveyn, kapena Knight wa mkango." Dziko amene analenga de A Troyes, ndiye chimake cha chivalry, chifukwa zilembo zokhala izo, wofuna anamanganso, kuti ulendo wa. Mu buku lino, Chretien zasonyeza kuti ft palokha ndi tanthauzo, kuti ulendo uliwonse liziyang'ana, lodzala ndi tanthauzo: zingakhale kuteteza ena Anamutsutsa madona, kupeza mtsikana moto, opulumutsa achibale mnzake. Kudzimana ndi kuwolowa manja Iveyn anatsindika ubwenzi wake ndi mfumu ya zilombo - mkango.

Mu "Mbiri ya Grail" ndi wolemba ichi ntchito njira chipangizo zambiri zosonyeza khalidwe la munthu. Chintchito "mavuto" ngwazi likupita austerity. Komabe, ichi si zilango Mkhristu chipulumutso cha miyoyo yawo mogwirizana ndi zolinga mkati kwambiri kudzikonda, ndi champhamvu ndi cholinga ndi kudziletsa. Percival, ndi ngwazi za masamba si chifukwa achipembedzo lachinsinsi kugunda kwa bwenzi lake, ndi chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maganizo, imene wosanganiza chisoni amayi anasiya ndi kuthandiza mfumu asodzi, amalume wa ngwazi wa.

Romance ku Germany

Mu wina odziwika bwino akale chikondi "Tristan ndi Isolde", mawu chosiyana. Chifukwa cha izo, nayikidwa nthano Irish kufotokoza wosasangalala chikondi wokongola mitima wamng'ono. Palibe buku chivalrous ulendo, akubwera patsogolo mkangano malamulo a pachikhalidwe ndi zolinga okonda. Chilakolako Mfumukazi Isolde ndi Tristan anyamata kuwathamangitsa kunja wakuponda pa ngongole m'banja ndi m'manja. Akhala zomvetsa chisoni kum'chitira Buku: zilembo akuvutika ndi tsoka, tsogolo.

Mu Germany, chikondi cha waperekedwa makamaka dongosolo la ntchito ndi French: Heinrich Von Veldeke ( "Aeneid"), Gottfried Von Strassburg, Hartmann Von Aue ( "Iveyn" ndi "Erek"), Bambo Wolfram Von Eschenbach ( "Partsial"). Amasiyana kukulitsa mavuto otsiriza chipembedzo ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Romance ku Spain

Mu Spain, ndi chibwenzi mpaka m'ma 16 sanali kukhala. Amadziwika m'ma 14, mmodzi yekha amatchedwa "Knight Siphar". Yotsatira za m'ma 15, pali "Kurian ndi Guelph" ndi "wolamulira wankhanza White" olembedwa Zhoanotom Joanot Martorell. M'zaka za m'ma 16 Montalvo analenga "Amadis de A Gaula", iyawonekambo ndi buku anonymous, "De Oliviya Palmerin" ndi ena, okwana oposa 50.

Romance ku Italy

mabuku Chivalric wa Ages Middle dziko anali yodziwika ndi ziwembu makamaka yobwereka. Choyambirira zopereka Italy ndi ndakatulo "The kulowa mu Spain," lolembedwa ndi wolemba anonymous m'zaka za m'ma 14, komanso "adani a Pamplona" ndi yotsatira ake, olengedwa ndi Niccolò ku Verona. epics Italy anayamba ntchito ndi Andrea da Barberino.