"Shu Ching" - chimene chiri kuti?

"Shu Ching" - ndi wakale ntchito Chinese, zomwe ndi mbali ya chopereka wotchuka mabuku asanu, analengedwa ndi nzeru zapamwamba wotchuka Confucius. Amakhala ya zikalata wakale pa mbiriyakale ya dziko. Lilinso zambiri za nthano ya boma.

Mu sayansi, pali maganizo kuti mbali imeneyi wakhala mmodzi wa maganizo kwambiri wokhutira monga drafting ndi kusintha kwake lemba maganizo kwambiri pa akale ndi atsopano mabaibulo nkhani gwero umene ukuyenera kulowa chomaliza.

kope

"Shu Jing" tichipeza options ziwiri zosiyana mu Volume. Kukafola mwa chopereka mudayamba 2 m'ma BC. e., pamene olemba anayamba processing zipangizo zakale. Pa nthawi yomweyo wofunadi awiri a malemba. Mmodzi tichipeza chaputala 58, winayo - kuchokera 28. Malinga ndi nthano, woyamba anapezeka pambuyo kuyatsa mabuku a mfumu Shih Huang. Chachiwiri, tidapeza ina. Komabe, akatswiri a masiku ano amakhulupirira kuti wodalirika kwambiri Umutu ndi kuzilembanso atsopano.

Baibulo miyambo ya anapeza chikalata limeneli limati: buku chinapezeka koyamba kunyumba ya Confucius, ndipo patapita kanthawi ngakhale linapeza mndandanda chachiwiri. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti deta zilipo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi Baibulo "Shu Jing" omwe analiko doimperatorskom China. Azambiriyakale anazindikira izi zochokera komaliza Baibulo poyerekeza ndi zopereka kale limene pali ochepa otchula nkhani chipilala.

okhutira

Kwambiri nzeru ena Chinese ankafunitsitsa dongosolo longa la boma. Iwo anali subordinated zosowa za boma dongosolo maphunziro ndi maphunziro a achinyamata, amene pa nthawi ina anali kutenga udindo zofunika boma la. N'zosadabwitsa kuti munthu yotchuka zipilala mbiri ya kulemba Chinese khama nkhani imeneyi.

"Shu Jing" tichipeza zigawo zinayi, malinga ndi zina nthawi zakale. Mutu wotsiriza ndi ambiri zambiri ndipo ambiri mosavuta datable, pamene zakale lili ambiri anachronisms.

malingaliro

Tanena kale chakuti Confucius mwina anapanga zopereka ndithu kuti zikalata kuphunzira. Akatswiri ena kuona kukopa otsatira ake mu malemba a ntchito. Iwo akulimbikitsa maganizo amene anali achilendo kwa Anzeru ndi asayansi.

malingaliro Political "Shu Jing" anauyamba Chinese nzeru dongosolo ulemerero ulamuliro mwambo wanzeru. Lemba phokoso lingaliro za kufunikira kwa kulemekeza makolo komanso akuluakulu aboma, komanso kugwirizana kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu.

mutu wina imalemba makhalidwe amene, malinga ndi Confucius, ayenera kukhala wolamulira wanzeru ndi chabe. Chigawo chino payokha anatsindika muyezo kwa potaya makhalidwe anthu. Iwo kwambiri akukonda China wakale, ngati khalidwe anatsimikiza mtima kuti n'zotheka States m'tsogolo kapena boma.

ndale

"Shu Ching" - buku mtundu wa mtsogoleri ntchito m'tsogolo andale. Mu chaputala chimodzi limatchula zinthu zimene iye ayenera kuthetsa mu malo oyamba. Kwenikweni tikulankhula zofuna chikhalidwe cha anthu: chakudya chokwanira, malonda, chitukuko, kusamalira miyambo ya chipembedzo ndi nsembe.

Komanso, unachitikira lingaliro kuti akhale maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Maganizo onse a pamwamba ndi khalidwe la ziphunzitso Confucius. tate wake tikunena maganizo ndi munthu wamkati dziko, kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa chipilala cha.

Komabe, chopereka lidayikidwa chifukwa cha cholinga yothandiza: kukonzekera olamulira tsogolo la utsogoleri anzeru a dziko. Choncho mfundo nthanthi chikugwirizana ndi malangizo amene angathandize kuti owerenga.

Mabwalo ena

"Shu Ching" - buku la nkhani imene inasonyeza zofunikira nthawi yawo. Lonse la malemba ndi odzipereka kwambiri kwa mapangidwe mitu malamulo, mayiko, ndiponso zochita nkhondo. Makamaka mutu kuti imalemba makhalidwe abwino chofunika wa States a. Analemba zolemba kuti wolamulira wanzeru ayenera kukhala olimba ndi yoipa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuzindikira ndi kulemekeza omvera ndi okhulupirika. Komanso, ayenera kutsogolera woona, kuti aliyense tanthauzo la mawu a malangizo ake.

A wolamulira wabwino ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti anthu ake ndi mtendere ndi chitukuko, moyo wautali ndi mtendere ukalamba. M'buku lino exaggerates udindo wa boma mu miyoyo ya anthu: chifukwa bwino kwambiri unachitikira mfundo yakuti yekha mfumu angapereke chimwemwe kwa anthu ake. Iwo ayenera kuwalimbikitsa kuti mantha ndi ulemu, monga iye ndiye, mwa drafters mawu, tidziwe bwino ndi kumvetsa mmene anthu ndi zofunika zonse.

Za munthu wolamulirayo

Mmodzi wa zipilala chidwi kwambiri kulemba Chinese ndi "Shu Ching". Pangani bukulo kugwirizana ndi zosowa za nthawi, pamene boma Chinese lidakalipobe zingapo zodabwitsa kwambiri ndi mikangano. Choncho, zolemba za ntchito imeneyi nthanthi anali zogwirizana kwambiri osati kwa osankhika andale, komanso anthu onse ambiri. Kunali koyenera kuti abwezeretse chikhulupiriro cha anthu mu mtsogoleri anzeru.

chakuti Chinese wakale chikugwirizana ndi ubwino wa khalidwe boma ake abwino a mwayekha lapansi. zoimira Iwowa utoto mwatsatanetsatane ndipo anafotokoza mu konkuno. M'lembali, mungapeze kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za katundu maganizo amene akulamulira dziko. Komanso poyamba ankalemba kwambiri womangidwa umunthu ndi maonekedwe, zochita zochita ndiponso zochita.

Zotsatira mabuku

mibadwo zimasonyeza chidwi ndithu mu "Shu Ching". Mbiri ya chipilala uyu anali kugwirizana ndi nthawi yovuta m'chigawo Chinese, choncho zili ndi osiyana nthanthi tanthauzo ndi maganizo otsimikiza. Kuti dongosolo amafunika kuphunzitsa, amene akuimira mu chipilala, watchedwa chidwi asayansi ambiri. Motero, Ages Middle, m'zaka za m'ma 11, wolemba wina ntchito mawonekedwe a buku kufotokoza ziphunzitso zawo chikhalidwe ndi nzeru za anthu. Mafotokozedwe awa, kutolera mfundo za chidutswa linalembedwa.

Mu China wokha, komanso tcheru kwambiri ndi ntchito imeneyi. Kuyambira 2 m'ma BC. e. mpaka m'ma 10 BC. e. olemba osiyana ndi mabuku kupereka ndemanga m'nthawi lamavutoli ndi zovuta za chipilala zolembedwa. Kuphunzira buku mwina chidwi akatswiri osati akatswiri a zinenero ndi azambiriyakale, komanso maphunziro chikhalidwe, popeza amasonyeza osiyana zigawo chikhalidwe.

Kudzinyoza ndi yaikulu chuma akuimira mu zopereka. Pali nthano, nthano, olemba mbiri, chithandizo cha olamulira anthu. M'lembali, mungathe kufufuza dziko la mtundu Chinese, moyo wawo, kapangidwe zandale ndiponso.