Mac ndi chiyani? Pazipita chovomerezeka ndende zinthu zoipa mu mlengalenga

MPC zoipitsa - n'kopindulitsa chovomerezeka ndi kuchotsako mankhwala ali dothi, madzi kapena mpweya sikumangotikhudza - zoipa mwachindunji kapena ayi - pa zamoyo. The makhalidwe mayunitsi yoyenera ofunitsitsa ndi maphunziro toxicological.

Kaperekedwe MPC monga mita

ndi Mac mu Kodi lamulo zachilengedwe? Ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha zachilengedwe mafakitale, umene unawatsogolera makampani onse mafakitale. Mac mfundo za zinthu anachokera ndiponso kufalitsidwa ndi mtundu wa dongosolo mankhwala ndi zotsatira toxicological pa zamoyo. Kukhazikika mfundo boma, kugwilizana ndi amene ali kuvomerezedwa.

Malinga chilengedwe, lomwe lili ndi zinthu zoipa, amayezedwa MPC:

• mg / DM ³ - kuyeza mu hydrosphere ya;
• mg / mamita ³ - muyeso mu mlengalenga ndi mpweya wa danga ntchito;
• mg / kg pa - kudziwa index mu nthaka.

Pamene anayamba kuchepa mfundo malire kuganizira zingawononge osati anthu komanso zamoyo zonse ambiri. kugwilizana zolimbana angapulumutse topezeka lonse, osati mitundu munthu wa zinyama ndi zomera.

Gawo

MPC zinthu zoipa, malingana ndi mlingo wa zimakhudza zamoyo anawagawa m'magulu 4 ngozi:

1. Ine kalasi - ndi woopsa kwambiri.
2. Maphunziro II - woopsa kwambiri.
3. III kalasi - oopsa.
4. IV kalasi - amtengo oopsa.

Malinga ndi anthu okhudzidwa Chalk zoipa zopezeka, kusintha kwake Mac ndi kukhala nthawi mu chilengedwe cha zamoyo pamaso pa mankhwala.

mitundu ya MPC

Malinga ndi muyezo chifukwa ziyenera zachilengedwe kudzipatula mfundo zingapo MPC.

Kuonetsetsa mabacteria mafakitale:

• MPCwa - ntchito kuti aone mmene thanzi la zinkakhalira m'dera ntchito. M'dera ntchito - danga imene antchito ndi mu ntchito, kupanga mamita 2 pamwamba pa nsanja. The koyefishienti akufotokoza kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa mu mlengalenga, si kupundula aliyense mu thanzi kwa zaka zingapo.
• PDKp.p. - akuyimila pakatikati ka zomera mafakitale kapena pa malo osiyana. Childs, monga mtengo kudya mtengo 0,3 MPCwa

Pakuti m'tawuni, pali mfundo zina zinthu zachilengedwe mumlengalenga, amene anatsimikiza ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• PDKn.p. - phindu okwana poizoni kololeka mu mlengalenga wa m'mudzi. Payokha, pafupifupi tsiku kumasulidwa mitengo ndi pazipita umodzi kuipitsa.
• PDKm.r. - chiwerengero cha poizoni m'mlengalenga m'mizinda, pazipita akuti imagwira ntchito inhalation limodzi. Koyefishienti kuchita masamu kuti thunthu sayambitsa anachita zikuchitika mankhwala malinga mwachidule (pafupifupi mphindi 20).
• PDKs.s. - zikusintha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipa mu ndende zomwe ziribe chikoka chowawa thanzi la anthu, anapereka wotchi inhalation.

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti m'tauni ndi MPC danga ntchito. MPCwa masamu ndi Zotsatira zolongosoka koyamba:

• mu malo wowonongeka ndi akulu ndi thanzi labwino;
• kukhala zochepa kwa kulongosola ntchito, ndipo kawirikawiri zosaposa 8 maola.

zinthu zovulaza mu mlengalenga wa m'mudzi zimakhudza aliyense wokhalamo: wachikulire kapena mwana, odwala kapena wathanzi, pamene usana ndi usiku ndipo mosalekeza moyo. Choncho, kwa zoipitsa chomwecho zingadziŵike osiyana kwambiri ndi mfundo mzake wa woipa pazipita chovomerezeka. Childs MPC koyefishienti m'dera ntchito ndi PDKn.p. n'chachikulu

Kuona mfundo malire madzi ndi nthaka

ndi pazipita chovomerezeka ndende ya Madamu chiyani? Ndi anakhazikitsa muyezo ndende ya zoipa zopezeka pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi. Koyefishienti mfundo atsimikiziridwa padera pa mtundu wa posungira. Kusiyanitsa madzi nsomba chuma, kumwa ndi zolinga za m'banja.

Khama la MPC wa zoipitsa m'nthaka - ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Calculated zochokera katundu dothi ndi chikhalidwe mankhwala zinthu zoipa. Zizindikiro ndi nthawi yosiyana, ndi gome mfundo iliyonse mankhwala zoipa zopezeka si kuchotsedwa.

Kufalitsa woipa pazipita chovomerezeka kukhudzana ndi chilengedwe

Kodi pazipita chovomerezeka ndende ya mankhwala, ngati wina wothandizira akhoza kuchita mosiyana?

Kwa gulu ndi mwadongosolo mankhwala zoipa zimatulutsa magulu angapo mbali khalidwe amadza pa chamoyo amoyo, makamaka anthu:

• ambiri poizoni;
• zosasangalatsa;
• sensitizers;
• carcinogens;
• mutagens;
• zokhudza uchembere wabwino.

Gulu lirilonse yodziwika ndi zizindikiro zenizeni za poyizoni, nthawi zochita ndi anachokera MPCs.

Mankhwala oipitsa ndi ambiri zotsatira poizoni

poizoni Common chifukwa poyizoni wambiri kwa lake lonse. The odziwika kuyan'anila noticeable ndi mantha dongosolo anthu: pali khunyu, matenda chikumbumtima ziwalo. Gulu la zinthu la poizoni ambiri monga chimasanduka zonunkhira ndi nitro ndi amido awo zotumphukira, mankhwala organic phosphorous, chlorine, komanso ena mankhwala zochita kupanga.

Ambiri a iwo:

• Arsenic ndi mankhwala ake;
• benzene, toluene, aniline, xylene;
• dichloroethane;
• Hg;
• PB;
• mpweya okusayidi (IV).

Infection ambiri zinthu kumachitika osati kupanga komanso moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

MPC mu mlengalenga ambiri poizoni

Taganizirani tsiku pafupifupi ntchito ndi Mac osakwatira mpweya ndi malo m'tawuni ntchito. Pakuti mayiko kumva, mfundo mawonekedwe tabular.

Ndende pafupifupi zinthu zoipa kumafuna mogwirizana ndi thupi la munthu kwa zaka zingapo popanda chitukuko cha zotsatira iliyonse.

Action mtima mankhwala

mankhwala bwanji khungu, zikopa mucous ndi kapepala kupuma. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ya mtima zinthu zinthu halogens ndi oxides wa asafe ndi sulfure.

Yaitali inhalation ya nthunzi mavuto aakulu m'mapapo matenda, kuledzera ndi imfa.

Sensitizers ndi mlengalenga MPC

Zinthu kudziwitsa zotsatira chifukwa sayanjana anthu. Ndi mankhwala wamba gulu monga aldehydes ndi hexachloran.

Sensitizers anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga pa kuyaka ndi ntchito mafakitale. A pang'ono formaldehyde adzamasulidwa ndi kunyumba: ameneyu amapezeka mu nyumba zambiri ndi zipangizo kuwamaliza, mipando.

Carcinogens ndi mutagens

Gulu yoopsa kwambiri Mankhwala oipitsa mankhwala, amene kusonkhezera pa thupi la munthu kwa nthawi yaitali saganizira. Carcinogens ndi Mutagens - zinthu zimene ndi nthawi zobisika nthawi kanthu. Ndi carcinogens monga asibesitosi, beryllium, benzpyrene, amines onunkhira. Zoyambitsa mapangidwe zotupa zosiyanasiyana zilonda.

Mutagens imfayo kusintha mu genotype anthu, zomwe zimafalitsidwa kwa ana. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu nyukiliya, manganese, kutsogolera organic peroxides ndi formaldehyde.

zinthu zambiri mutagenic Komanso bwanji uchembere wabwino, ndipo zikuphatikiza benzene ndi ena ofanana aliyense zace, kutsogolera antimony, manganese, mankhwala chloroprene ndi ena.