Yakutsk: zojambula, mbiri, ndemanga

Malo otentha, malo owopsa koma okonda kuchereza alendo, usiku woyera wosaiwalika - zonsezi zikuyembekezera ku Yakutsk, mzinda wapaderadera ndi wapadera umene umakondweretsa aliyense amene wabwera kuno kamodzi. Malo okongola komanso malo okongola a Yakutia sadzasiya aliyense wosakonda kupuma mokwanira, kapena munthuyo amasankha maulendo apatali.

Mzinda wa Yakutsk: zochitika, mbiri

Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa mzinda kunayamba mu 1632. Pano, ndende ya Yakut inamangidwa pofuna kuteteza opandukawo. Anali msilikali woyamba wa asilikali a ku Russia kudziko la Yakut, kumene mayiko ena oyandikana nawo a ku Siberia anagwirizana nawo. Kwa zaka khumi Yakuts adagonjetsa ndende kangapo, koma nthawi zonse adagonjetsedwa. Panthawiyi, magulu atsopano anaonekera, ndipo ndendeyo inakhala pakati pa chigawo cha Yakutsk. Mkhalidwe wa mzinda ndi dzina lake lenileni Yakutsk analandira mu 1643.

Mpaka chaka cha 1900, idali chigawo cha Siberia, chigawo cha Irkutsk, maulendo angapo udindo wake unasinthika kuchoka ku tawuni ya chigawo kupita ku malo ozungulira. Ndipo mu 1922 okha adadziwika kuti ndi likulu la Yakut Republic.

Mzinda uwu wakumpoto ndi wokongola kwambiri. Zojambula za Yakutsk ndizofotokozedwa zikhoza kuwonetsedwa m'mabuku otsatsa makampani ambiri oyendayenda. Mbiri yakale ndi yosangalatsayi yawonetsedwa m'mabuku ambiri, omwe anthu a mumzindawu amalemekeza kwambiri. Tiyeni tidziŵe ena a iwo.

Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ndi mbiri yakale "Ubwenzi"

Mzinda wa Yakutsk, womwe chidwi chake ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa asayansi ndi ofufuza, adzakhala ndi chidwi ndi alendo oyendera.

Nyumba ya Druzhba ili pa banki yolondola ya Lena River, komwe akatswiri a ku Russia anayambitsa Lena Jail, yomwe inayambira maziko a mzindawo. Masiku ano ndi malo oyendera alendo komanso chikhalidwe cha Yakutsk.

Nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale inatsegulidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Mtsogoleri wake anali wolemba wotchuka wa People's Yakut - Suorun Omollyon.

Kwa alendo onse a nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale, antchito oyenerera amapempha kuti adziŵe mbiri ya kugwirizanitsa kwa Yakutia ndi Russia, kuyesa chikhalidwe cha Russia chotsatira pa chikhalidwe cha anthu a m'dzikoli.

Zojambula za museum

Mu nyumba yosungiramo zinyumba mungadziŵe chikhalidwe cha Evenks, Chukchi, Yukaghirs ndi Dolgan. Otsatirawa ali ndi chidwi makamaka powonetsa zovala za mitundu ya anthu a kumpoto kwa zaka za XIX-XX, zida zamtengo wapatali, zodzikongoletsera zazimayi, zomangira maliro akale.

Zinthu zamtengo wapatali zosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zimaphatikizapo manda a Yakut, omwe amamanganso zipilala zamatabwa mwatsatanetsatane, zomwe zikuwonetseratu njira yokonzanso ma Yakuts.

Mammoth Museum

Ulendok ku Yakutsk ndi wapadera kwambiri moti ambiri mwa iwo ndiwo okhawo padziko lapansi. Chitsanzo ndi Mammoth Museum yapadera. Mudziko mulibe mabungwe omwe amaphunzira ndi kuphunzira zojambulajambula.

Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1991 monga malo a sayansi ndi chikhalidwe omwe amaphunzira mammoths ndi moyo wawo m'nyengo yamagulu. Woyambitsa maziko a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi anali mzimayi woyamba wa Yakutia Peter Alekseevich Lazarev.

Pansi pa Yakutia pakufufuzidwa, akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale apeza zodabwitsa zopezekapo, zimbalangondo, mikango, mabulu, ziphuphu zamphongo , mbuzi zamphongo ndi nyama zina zomwe zatha nthawi yaitali. Asanayambe kumayambiriro kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, kufufuza kofunikira koteroko kunatumizidwa ku mayiko akuluakulu a mizinda ikuluikulu ya dzikoli. Maonekedwe a Museum of mammoth adapatsidwa maphunziro onse ndikuwasiya ku Yakutsk.

Mu July 1998 nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale inakhala gawo la Institute of Ecology of North. Ndipo mu 2011 kunakhala kusiyana kwa University of North-Eastern Federal University.

Pazinthu zambiri zochititsa chidwi, mungathe kuona Dima wamkulu (ngakhale kuti ndi chabe), yomwe inapezeka mu 1977 ku Kolyma chapamwamba. Lero iye ali kumpoto waukulu. Mu kanthawi kochepa, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi mndandanda waukulu wa zisudzo zoposa 1,450.

Laboratory ya Institute of Frozenness

Alendo ambiri amene amabwera ku Yakutsk, zochitikazo zimayamba kuphunzira kuchokera ku labotaleyi. Icho chiri cha Institute of Permafrost. Lero ndi limodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimakonda kwambiri mumzindawo.

Labatatoyi inakhazikitsidwa mu 1961 kuti ikhale yophunzira kwambiri za permafrost. Pofuna kuyesa pa labotale yapansi pansi, kutentha kwakukulu kunali kofunikira. Choncho, malo ochezera a pansi adayikidwa pamtunda wa zero amplitudes a dothi lotentha, mwachindunji pansi pa nyumba ya Institute of Permafrost. M'katikatikati mwazitali chaka chonse kutentha sikusintha: -5 ...- 4 ° С, chinyezi - kuchokera 70% mpaka 100%.

Mzinda wa Yakutsk, womwe umakondweretsa ngakhale oyendayenda, unadzitchuka padziko lonse chifukwa cha ntchito zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka ayezi, kutuluka kwa dothi m'zigawo za permafrost. Masiku ano, zotsatira za maphunzirowa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga mapangidwe ndi zomangamanga nyumba, mafakitale ndi nyumba zokhalamo, misewu, mapaipi a mafuta.

Zoo "Orto-Doydu"

Alendo ambiri omwe amabwera ku Yakutsk, amayembekezera kuona chilichonse, koma kukhalapo kwa zozizwitsa "Orto-Doydu" kwa ambiri sizingatheke. Ndi boma la boma la Republic of Sakha. Pakiyi ili m'mphepete mwa Lena River, pamalo okongola - Erkenani Valley.

Dzina la pakiyo mu kumasulira kuchokera ku chinenero cha Yakut kumatanthauza "dziko lopakati". Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu ziphunzitso za Yakut zitatu zadziko zimasiyana - pamwamba, pakati ndi pansi. M'dziko la pansi, pali abambo (ziwanda), pafupifupi - anthu ndi zinyama, ndipo apamwamba amaperekedwa kwa milungu. Kotero zoo ku Yakutsk zikuyimira dziko lopakati.

Pakiyi "Orto-Dojdu" inatsegulidwa mu 2001. Ndizo zoo zokhazo padziko lapansi zomwe zimagwira ntchito zovuta kwambiri pa nyengo ya kumpoto. Chidziwikiritso chake chimadzinso kuti akhoza kutenga nyama zakutchire ndikuwathandiza.

Pakali pano, zoo zikuyimiridwa ndi mitundu pafupifupi 170 ya zinyama zomwe zimakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana. Pano pali zotsatira zabwino zomwe zinapezeka pakukwera kwa trot ya East Siberian, mbulu ya polar ndi Arctic fox. Komanso, pali mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi mbalame m'malo awa - kambuku a Amur, muskox, mphungu ya golidi, asiatic, mbawala yamphongo, beever, chiwombankhanga choyera, nyambo yaying'ono, ndi zina zotero.

Yakutsk mzinda, malo ochititsa chidwi -: ndemanga za alendo

Zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi alendo omwe ali kumpoto. Chilengedwe chokongola cha kumpoto, Yakutsk ndi nyengo yowawa kwambiri. Zosangalatsa za mzindawu zimakondweretsa. Mawu ambiri ofunda amafunikira ogwira ntchito yosungiramo zinthu zakale, zomwe zimayenda maulendo okongola kwambiri.