Mahomoni a zopangitsa kugonana. The mahomoni opangidwa ndi gonads ndi

Mahomoni a zopangitsa kugonana kudziwa anthu ndi nyama sekondale makhalidwe kugonana. Iwo ali ndi udindo kusintha onse m'thupi: akulamulira ndondomeko ya kutha msinkhu, ulimi wa mazira ndi umuna, mimba, kubadwa kwa latsopano chamoyo, Kuyamwitsa ndi zambiri.

Internal gonads katulutsidwe

The katulutsidwe mkati mwa zopangitsa kugonana chifukwa ulimi wa mahomoni kugonana (onse amuna ndi akazi), amene anamasulidwa mu magazi. zizindikiro zawo zimasiyana ndi mzake, ngakhale opangidwa ndi imodzi mwa njira amuzolengedwa.

The katulutsidwe wa zopangitsa kugonana kwa amuna ndi akazi osiyana amakhala ndi osiyana kuchuluka opangidwa estrogens ndi androgens. Ikufotokoza kusiyana kwa makhalidwe awo sekondale kugonana. Pakuti timadzi kwakukulukulu udindo mwamuna ndi gonads wamkazi. Mahomoni bwanji msinkhu achinyamata.

Unamwali atsikana

Atsikana zaka 10-12 ndi pituitary England amayamba kutulutsa luteinizing (LH) ndi follicle-zolimbikitsa timadzi (FSH) mahomoni. Zimachititsa kupanga timafunika yamchiberekero ndi progesterone - otchedwa timadzi wa England kugonana ndi atsikana. kupangidwa mu thupi limafotokoza chiyambi cha thupi amasintha thupi msungwana. The sekondale makhalidwe kugonana:

- kukula kwa zopangitsa za mammary;

- ukugwirizana m'chiuno;

- maonekedwe a tsitsi m'khwapa ndi tsitsi obisika;

- Kupanga mazira ndi mazira ndi;

- chiyambi cha kusamba.

Unamwali anyamata

Anyamata pa zaka 12-15 nayamba kutulutsa luteinizing (LH) ndi follicle zolimbikitsa timadzi (FSH). Pamodzi iwo amapanga mwamuna timadzi zopangitsa kugonana, makamaka testosterone. timadzi iyi inatulutsa mu testes ndi chimachititsa chitukuko cha sekondale makhalidwe kugonana ndi anyamata. Njirazi ndi monga:

- kusintha mawu;

- kukula kwa tsitsi pa nkhope ndi thupi;

- Kukula kwa kumaliseche;

- kupanga umuna;

- chitukuko cha musculature.

ntchito Gonadal

Ntchito gonadal kwambiri bwanji pachimake ndi aakulu matenda ambiri somatic. Atsimikiza ndi kukhulupirika kwa olamulira hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal. Kuti timvetse magwiridwe awo, ganizirani mahomoni kuti amapangidwa ndi thupi la amuna ndi akazi, ndi mavuto akuwuka kwa wakuswa awo.

Kodi mahomoni amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zoberekera za amayi?

Akazi kwa kupanga timadzi kugonana ndi udindo zopangitsa kugonana, kotekisi adrenal, ndi latuluka. Mahomoni a zopangitsa wamkazi maliseche monga:

- androgens;

- estrogens;

- progestins;

- follicle popatsana timadzi;

- luteinizing timadzi.

Zotsatira za mahomoni pa thupi wamkazi

Kusamala zikuchokera zinthu zimenezi ali zotsatira zopindulitsa pa thupi ndi normalizes kagayidwe, psycho-maganizo boma la mkazi, uziyenda olondola a ziwalo zoberekera, kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, zimakhudza chonde ndi zambiri. chiŵerengero awo kumakhudza mwachindunji kugonana akazi. Gonadal mahomoni esitirojeni ndi progesterone amakhala zonse kugonana mu akazi. Nthawi ya kuzungulira kusamba amaganizira ndi kuwonjezeka mu chilakolako cha kugonana fairer, kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha funde mahomoni.

Kugonana mahomoni ndi ntchito zawo mu thupi, zofunika ntchito za chamoyo wonse. Estrogens ndi wofunika kugwira ntchito yachibadwa wobereketsa thupi. Komanso kuchuluka kwa timadzi izi amalimbikitsa mapangidwe kanjedza, chikhalidwe, khungu ndi tsitsi. Progesterone ndi kubala mu England adrenal (a mbali yaing'ono) ndi ambiri m'mimba, ndi pa mimba dipolo kupanga ake likukwaniritsa corpus luteum, ndiyeno latuluka. mankhwalawa timadzi wotchedwa timadzi mimba kuyambira ntchito yake kukonzekera chiberekero kwa implantation wa mwana wosabadwayo, mangolomera kukula. Ngati progesterone ndi pansipa chilengedwe, mkazi kumaonjezera ngozi ya padera.

Kwa kupanga LH ndi FSH (lyuteoniziruyushego ndi follikulostimuliruyushego timadzi) ndi udindo pituitary. FSH kumapangitsa kukula ndi uziyenda bwino follicles ndi LH amachita pa ntchito ndi thumba losunga mazira ndi kubala esitirojeni. Prolactin ndi timadzi wa pituitary lapansi. ntchito yake yaikulu lagona kukondoweza kukula m'mawere ndi chitukuko atsikana, komanso kupereka mkaka wa m'mawere ndi akazi amene abereka. Ngati panali kuwonjezeka milingo magazi prolactin, izo kumabwezera mmbuyo ulimi wa timadzi follikulostimuliruyushego, limene pali chopinga zachilengedwe a kusasitsa follicular ndi ovulation pakalibe akazi mu nthawi yoyamwitsa. Prolactin komanso amachita ngati chinthu chofunika mu normalization wa bwino madzi amchere.

Kulakwila akazi mahomoni

The mahomoni opangidwa ndi gonads alibe nthawi zonse mu osiyanasiyana yachibadwa. Yafupika misinkhu esitirojeni kungakhale chizindikiro cha kupanda ovulation mu akazi, osabereka, ndi pa mimba kungasonyeze kudwala. Kuchuluka wokhutira chifukwa chotupa osauka a zopangitsa kwa adrenal kapena gonads. Anthu amene timakonda kukhala wonenepa ndi mkulu kuchuluka timafunika.

Utachepa milingo magazi a progesterone zingachititse padera mu amayi apakati, placental abruption, yoopsa kutha. Akazi amene ali ndi mavuto ndi progesterone, nthawi zambiri simungapeze zotupa pathupi, zingaoneke ndi matenda ena a kumaliseche, matenda mkombero ndi matenda ena, kuphatikizapo osabereka.

mahomoni Gonadal akhale mtundu wa matenda chizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Kuonjezera lyuteoniziruyushego timadzi mu magazi zimasonyeza zotupa pituitary, polycystic mazira inclusions, kutopa awo, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, milingo zambiri zapamwamba za timadzi izi zikhoza kugwirizana ndi vuto nkhawa, njala, yotopetsa masewera.

Kuonjezera follikulostimuliruyushego timadzi anati odwala ndi mkhutu ntchito ya pituitary ndi kulephera yamchiberekero. Komanso, mlingo wake kawirikawiri wokwezeka pa anthu amene amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa, ndipo pambuyo X-ray mosamala mtima. Pa kusintha kuchuluka kuchuluka kwake ndi ponseponse. Kulera FSH zambiri chifukwa cha magazi uterine ndi kuchepetsa kumatanthauza pakalibe kusamba, anati mu PCOS ndi kunenepa.

Mimba ndi kuyamwitsa kuchuluka tochepa prolactin m'magazi ndi boma wabwinobwino, nthawi zina ndi chizindikiro cha matenda pathological. Mkulu prolactin limasonyeza kuphwanya ntchito za pituitary ndi, pammero yamchiberekero, ndi matenda autoimmune.

Kodi mahomoni amapangidwa ndi ziwalo kugonana amuna?

Mwamuna ndi mkazi gonads kutulutsa pafupifupi gulu lomweli mahomoni ndi ena kupatula. Pakuti mahomoni wamwamuna monga:

- androgens;

- testosterone;

- follicle popatsana timadzi;

- luteinizing timadzi;

- SHBG.

Mphamvu ya mahomoni pa thupi wamwamuna

Follicle-zolimbikitsa timadzi amuna ndi kubala ndi pituitary England. Ndi nthawi ntchito ya zopangitsa kugonana, kumaonjezera yopanga testosterone, kumalimbikitsa kusasitsa ya umuna. Luteinizing timadzi ndi kubala ndi pituitary England ndi zochita monga kupanga ndi ulamuliro pa testosterone maselo amuna Leydig, ndipo zimafunika kupanga kumanga mapuloteni, mahomoni, gonads ndi kumawonjezera permeability wa testes lapansi. Testosterone ndi opangidwa mu zopangitsa kwa adrenal ndi gonads, sukhala chitukuko cha makhalidwe sekondale kugonana anyamata nawo kupanga umuna bwanji potency ndi libido. Testosterone ndi chofunikira kwambiri ku thupi kwa amuna: zingamvekere chitukuko cha mafupa ndi minofu bwino boma psycho-maganizo, ndi normalizes ntchito ya zopangitsa sebaceous.

Prolactin amapangidwa ndi pituitary England, zochitika pa lamulo bwino madzi amchere ndipo sachedwa kuchotsa madzimadzi ndi impso ndi kumapangitsa kusasitsa yake ya umuna. Estradiol wa mahomoni wamkazi, amene amapangidwa ndi amuna. chifukwa ndi kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi mwa anthu, limene mwamuna timadzi testosterone ndi n'kukhala estradiol wamkazi. SHBG - timadzi kumanga globulin, kapena glycoprotein zochitika pa zoyendera mahomoni kugonana ndi amapangidwa mu chiwindi.

Kuphwanya m'thupi wamwamuna

Male mahomoni kugonana ndi ntchito zawo chifukwa uziyenda yachibadwa ya thupi. Kuphwanya m'thupi wamwamuna zingachititse matenda ambiri.

A mkulu FSH mlingo limasonyeza kuphwanya ntchito gonadal, kulephera aimpso, ubongo zotupa. Chifukwa chimodzi kwa FSH yapamwamba uchidakwa. pamlingo wochepa wa FSH akusonyeza kufooka mu pituitary England kapena ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha, komanso anaona mu kunenepa. Mu zina, timadzi vutoli akhoza woterowu zinthu palibe vuto lililonse kwathunthu, mwachitsanzo, izo kumawonjezera pambuyo Ndime ya X-ray kapena mankhwala ena.

kuyan'anila amenewa ndi kusintha chifukwa mu mlingo wa luteinizing timadzi. Koma kuwonjezera kusintha pathological mu thupi, chifukwa chisokonezo akhoza kukhala banal wopsinjika vuto, matenda a anorexia nervosa, kunenepa kapena kusuta. Kuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi kumasonyeza kuti hyperplasia zimakhala adrenal, zotupa, ndi kuchepetsa khalidwe lake kulephera aimpso, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a gonads lapansi.

Mkulu kapena otsika prolactin wamwamuna dokotala akupereka chifukwa kuganiza mtima kapena hypothalamic pituitary kukanika, kulephera aimpso, matenda enaake, chithokomiro matenda, matenda autoimmune ndi matenda ena. Komanso, chifukwa amaika wa timadzi angakhale ndi nkhawa, beriberi chifuwa zoopsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena.

Kusintha kuchuluka kwa estradiol mwina chifukwa mankhwala, kusuta, njala, ndi zikamera matenda osiyanasiyana monga matenda enaake, testicular chotupa, prostatitis, hyperprolactinemia ndi zina. Mwa njira, nthawizina timadzi mwamuna angathe kuonedwa mu magazi a mimba (anthu chorionic gonadotropin), chimene chiri zimasonyeza khansa testicular.

Kodi muyenera kudziwa za globulin kugonana timadzi kumanga?

Timadzi kumangako globulin otchedwa glycoprotein. Izo zikuwamanga kuti androgens ndi estrogens. Other steroid mahomoni, monga progesterone, cortisone ndi zina corticosteroids kumumanga kuti transcortin. SHBG ali mbali zotsatirazi:

- The malo akadakwanitsira mahomoni kugonana, kuphatikizapo testosterone wathanzi bwino ndi estradiol, ndi chigawo chachikulu cha njira iliyonse kulimbana ukalamba.

- timadzi A ndi yang'anira zofunika wa testosterone ndi esitirojeni, amene yogawa mahomoni kugonana thupi.

- Violation kugonana timadzi globulin kumanga kugwirizana ndi ukalamba msanga kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi matenda angapo zakupha, kuphatikizapo matenda a mtima, mtundu 2 shuga, matenda kagayidwe kachakudya, matenda obanika kutulo ndi kufooka kwa mafupa.

Male mahomoni mu akazi

Mwina munthu inadzera, koma amai akuyenera mahomoni wamwamuna. Zedi yaing'ono, iwo ndi opindulitsa pa thupi, bola ngati chiwerengero chawo chinali pakati malamulo anakhazikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, yopanga testosterone mu akazi kumathandiza kuti kugonana awo ndi libido, lili phindu pa za sebaceous zopangitsa, chitukuko ndi ubongo ntchito. Ngati testosterone m'magazi ali pang'ono, mkazi ali kukwezeka ulesi, kufooka, tinganene, ndi lidzasinthidwa "imvi mbewa". timadzi ta m'thupi okwera, mosiyana, aukali, imapangitsa chithunzi kuposa amuna, komanso zoyambitsa mavuto khungu. Kuchuluka testosterone mu akazi akhale umboni wa matenda: kuphwanya zopangitsa adrenal, mazira, pituitary kapena ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa timadzi izo chifukwa cha kulephera impso, mavuto ndi kulemera.

Androgen vutoli kumachititsanso chisokonezo mu thupi. Mzimayi wodwala kuchuluka hairiness pa miyendo, manja, chifuwa, nkhope, ziphuphu. misinkhu apamwamba androgens kungachititse kuti osabereka wamkazi, padera.

Kodi kutenga mayeso kwa mahomoni?

Kuchepetsa mlingo wa mahomoni mu thupi, adzakwapulidwa kukaperekedwa kwa kusanthula magazi m'mitsempha a. Zotsatira kukhala zolondola, kwa kusanthula yobereka sangathe kudya ndi chakudya otsiriza ayenera kutenga maola osachepera 8-10. Masana, ayenera kusiya kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa, kugonana, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Kunyalanyaza malamulo amenewa kungachititse kuti kupotoza kwambiri zotsatira zake.

Akazi ayenera kuchenjeza ntchito zaumoyo kutenga nyemba magazi, tsiku la msambo kapena mimba, chifukwa ena mahomoni atengeko okha masiku ena, kapena kusokoneza khalidwe la zinachitika. Ngati izo zidzakhala zofunikira kubwereza kuwunika pambuyo mankhwala, m'pofunika mayeso onse mu labu chomwecho.