Makampani mkaka mu Russia. Makampani mkaka: chitukuko ndi mavuto. Mkaka ndi nyama makampani

Mu chuma aliyense, udindo wa makampani chakudya boma ndi zoopsa. Pakali pano, makampani mu makampani mu dziko lathu, pali pafupifupi 25 zikwi gawo la chakudya okwana kupanga Russian -. 10%. Makampani mkaka ndi m'nthambi zake. Pamafunikanso mabizinesi yotulutsa mankhwala awo mkaka. The lonse kupanga ndi mwapadera limatchula anthu angapo, zilandiridwenso ndi kuthekera kwa kutulutsa majini.

World mkaka ndi makampani nyama

adzasowa chakudya ndi onse States, koma mawu a chitukuko, ndi osiyana kwambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. atsogoleri mtheradi ndi maiko olemera. Komanso, m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikizapo mkaka ndi makampani nyama, ndi specialization lonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ena States ndizo Waogula Zinthu Kunja, pamene ena - ogula lalikulu.

makampani nyama - nthambi ya specialization mayiko a ku Ulaya (France, makamaka Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Belgium ndi Denmark), North America, New Zealand, Australia, komanso mayiko ena osauka (Brazil, China, Uruguay, Argentina). The Waogula Zinthu Kunja waukulu wa mankhwala pa msika dziko amaonedwa mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Iwo chifukwa cha pafupifupi 50% ya wolowa okwana dziko. atsogoleri makampani ndi United States, Australia ndi Brazil. The Ogula zakunja lalikulu la mankhwala amaonedwa kukhala European mayiko a azungu, Japan ndi Russia.

mkaka amapangidwa ku Europe ndi ku United States, Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, New Zealand ndi Australia. Kudziwika amamuonera Finland ndi French batala, tchizi ku Germany, France, Switzerland, Netherlands ndi Lithuania, wowawasa kirimu ku Estonia ndi Finland, yoghurt ku Germany ndi France. Atsogoleri a mkaka kupereka msika lonse ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya (makamaka North ndi pakati), komanso Australia ndi ku New Zealand. Ogula zakunja Aika - mayiko CIS ndi China.

Makamaka kupanga mkaka

Mkaka ngati mankhwala zakudya zake chakudya maganizo kwambiri wangwiro. Ndi pafupifupi mwangwiro zikuchokera zakudya. The gawo la mkaka mlandu ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zakudya anthu. Akatswiri ofufuza amanena kuti katundu wawo pachaka pafupifupi 16% ya mitundu yonse ya zakudya.

kupanga mkaka ndi yofunika mbali: ndi chifukwa cha mankhwala kuwonongeka. Komanso, iwo amanena kuti katundu yodziwika ndi ziwawa za mowa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupanga awo akhale zikuluzikulu ndi osiyanasiyana - wakhala likunena likukula.

A mbiri pang'ono

Mkaka processing mu chisanadze chosintha Russia zinachitika makamaka Chotsimikizika. Pa nthawi Soviet, makampani mkaka wakhala adzasowa. Kale mu 1930 analandira chitukuko chachikulu. Zinali ndiye kuti chifukwa cha pa collectivization ulimi ndi mafakitale a dziko zinalengedwa zinthu kukula yogwira kupanga. Panthawi imeneyi, makamaka mwachangu anayamba makampani mkaka mu Moscow, Leningrad, Kislovodsk, Sochi, Kuibyshev, Sverdlovsk. dairies Large ankaikidwa mu mizinda. Mu 1970, mu mawu a ulimi wa batala ndi mkaka USSR wotanganidwa malo oyamba mu dziko. Lero, mafakitale ndi mphero zipatso zosiyanasiyana lalikulu katundu. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi mizere yodzichitira ndi makina chifukwa bottling mu matumba, mabotolo ndi makontena zina, coolers ndi pasteurizers, evaporators, separators, Mlengi wa tchizi ndi ena.

Mfundo kuwayika makampani mkaka

mabizinezi izi anayikidwa malingana ndi kupezeka kwa zipangizo ndi ogula. Iwo ankaganiza makamaka mu malo kwambiri urbanized.

Kodi izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri chuma kuika makampani mkaka:

• malo a minda poyerekezera m'misika zogwirizana, komanso pamaso pa malo awa amakampani processing; zodutsa boma ndi njira zoyendera; kupezeka muli kwa kusungiramo mankhwala komaliza ndi zipangizo;
• zipatso mphamvu, m'kukoma ndi ziweto alipo, nyumba mafakitale ndi nyumba zolinga zaulimi;
• Mwachangu linanena bungwe kuchokera amazionera a chuma;
• bata ndi mbali ubale yapakati-dera m'munda wa ulimi mkaka;
• Dongosolo la njira kupanga zomwe akukamba mafakitale.

Khalidwe la msika wamakono

Number amakampani tchizi ndi kupanga mkaka ndi kokhazikika. Komabe, msika tsopano ali zimakonda mitundu ikuluikulu. Makampani Large amagula zomera ochepa kwambiri, motero kuwonjezera m'dera la malonda ndi mphamvu yopanga. Komanso, kupeza zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kusintha khalidwe mankhwala ndi kukhalabe mbiri ya Mlengi, ndalama zolipirira mabizinezi makamaka lalikulu. phindu makampani mu chaka chimodzi chokha 2009 mpaka 2010, chinawonjezeka ndi 36,8%. Ichi ndi chifukwa uziyenda bwino atsogoleri ndi dera msika.

Kuperewera kwa mkaka yaiwisi

Mabizinezi kwa kupanga mkaka akukumana mavuto ambiri. Mmodzi wa chachikulu - kupanga mkaka yaiwisi. Mfundo yakuti kupanga mkaka nthawi zonse m'mbuyo zisakuyenda bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamaso mabizinezi processing pali vuto la kusowa kwa zipangizo, womwe amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu mitengo. Komanso, mkaka yaiwisi, anamasulidwa ndi opanga Russian, nthawi zambiri ali osauka khalidwe. Izi zimachititsa mavuto zina kupanga mankhwala apamwamba. Companies amakakamizidwa ntchito louma ndi kupanga zina, imbaenda ndi kuwonjezeka mu mitengo ya zinthu ndi kuchepetsa phindu la katunduyo.

mavuto gulu

Panopa mkaka msika wa dziko lathu lili m'mavuto aakulu. N'zotheka kuona chosowa njira logwirizana la chitukuko, matenda mkati. Palibe dongosolo bwino kuthandiza makampani ndi boma.

Russian makampani mkaka panopa wogawanika. Aliyense purosesa ndi Mlengi akuyesera kulimbana ndi chigamulo cha mavuto kampani wake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chitukuko cha makampani mkaka mu dziko lathu, kwambiri kubweza. Kugwirizana makampani kuti asonkhanitse alimi ndi mapurosesa a mkaka, mwatsoka, sanathe kupeza njira wamba pofuna kuteteza malonda.

kuti mankhwala zotsimikizira amafuna akuwuka kwa akuluakulu a boma, madera osiyana ndipo politicized. Aliyense wamphumphu, chiwalo chilichonse chili makampani ndi maganizo awo ndipo amafuna zambiri zotsutsana. boma anayankha kupereka masomphenya awo kuthetsa mavuto ndi makampani mkaka - imodzi imene akuluakulu a. Komabe, msika zambiri simukuvomereza naye. The State kuli tsopano kofunikira kupanga dongosolo malonda momveka kwa zaka 30-50 patsogolo.

Makampani mkaka mu Russia ndisungunuka kwambiri. Mapurosesa ndi opanga mkaka ndi zambiri zotsutsana ndi mzake. Kulingalira ndi zinachitikira dziko amati mafakitale awiri - kupanga mkaka ndi processing - ali mbali ya dongosolo chimodzimodzi. N'zosatheka kuukitsa makampani, ngati kukhalabe kupanga mkaka, chifukwa kuwonjezeka mu buku la zotsatira Pakufunika processing. Mofananamo, kukula kwa yopangira processing zidzapangitsa kuti kusowa kwa zipangizo. Mofulumira kupanga chifukwa mungathe Ogula zakunja kokha.

mavuto ena

Ndi mavuto pamwamba zofunika impeding chitukuko cha makampani dziko monga makampani mkaka, m'pofunika kuwonjezera zotsatirazi:

• seasonality kupanga mkaka m'dziko lathu;
• molokosborochnyh mfundo kuchepekedwa, kusowa mayunitsi refrigeration pa minda;
• makhalidwe ndi thupi depreciation wa atathana chuma mbewu, ntchito yomanga ambiri mwa kunayamba zaka 70-80 Mu zaka zapitazo.

Mavuto ambiri ayenera kuthetsedwa pa mlingo boma pamwamba. Imafunika khama anzake a mabizinezi. Njira yokhayo yothetsera mavuto ambiri a makampani mkaka.

Russia pa dziko msika wa mkaka

Dziko lathu ndi importer lalikulu, koma akhoza kukhala yaikulu wosewera mpira mu msika lonse. Ndipotu, Russia n'chosiyana mu mayanjano zikuluzikulu padzikoli. Pa chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi singayende kwambiri. Msika wa dziko lathu lilibe nawo zokambirana nkhani lonse. Iye sakudziwa zimene mumaganiza lonse ntchito imeneyi monga makampani mkaka. Malangizo, luso ndi kafukufuku kuti ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kucheza, iyenso sizikhudza. Zingamvekere mapurosesa onse a mkaka ndi opanga wake komanso owerenga mapeto.

opanga Waukulu

Masiku ano, pali ndithu alimi ochepa a ntchito imeneyi m'dziko lathu. Komatu ena mabizinezi a makampani mkaka amagulitsa malonda ake m'madera ambiri a Russia. Malinga ndi akatswiri, makampani zotsatirazi (deta 2012) ndi atsogoleri a dziko lathu msika:

• "Unimilk."
• "Wimm-Bill-Dann".
• Ochakovo Mkaka Bzalani.
• Voronezh mkaka kuphatikiza.
• Piskarevskiy Mkaka Bzalani.
• Permmoloko.
• "Danone".
• "Rosagroeksport".
• "Hermann".
• Campina.

Mpikisano mu msika

The gawo la kampaniyo "Wimm-Bill-Dann", mtsogoleriyo mu msika zoweta mkaka, unali pafupifupi 10,8% mu 2012. Onani kuti chiwerengero cha mpikisano ake apafupi kwambiri za nthawi 4 m'munsi. Amene akanakhoza kunena kuti chakudya makampani mkaka mu dziko lathu amakhala ndi msinkhu ndi mkulu wa mpikisano. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ambiri mwa mankhwala yaing'ono alumali moyo. Komanso, iwo ankasowa zinthu wapadera yosungirako. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mlingo wa mpikisano mu misika ya m'deralo ndi dera ndi kwambiri m'munsi. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti m'madera ena, mafakitale atsogoleri kapena atsogoleri makampani ndinu ochokera 30 70% ya msika mkaka. Ena gawo gawo Makampani ena m'deralo kapena Makampani m'madera oyandikana nawo.

imports ya katundu

katundu kupikisana ndi mankhwala Russian. Ambiri, chiwerengero cha inatha laling'ono, akuti osiyanasiyana monga 15 mpaka 19%. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti msika mkaka ali ndi chitetezo zachilengedwe ndi mpikisano akunja, monga mankhwala chimatha amafuna zinthu zapadera zoyendera ndi kusunga.

Komabe, m'magulu ena, ndi moyo wautali alumali, kuti katundu kunja ndi kutitsogolera mu msika Russian. Makamaka, zizindikiro zakunja ankadziwa 30% batala ndi 60% tchizi. Mwakhama kukula ndi imports la mkaka ndi mkaka. Buku la malangizo a mkaka condensed ndi kirimu kwa chaka 2012 chinawonjezeka ndi 124,6%, tchizi - ndi 34%, batala - pafupifupi 21%.

Kupanga mabuku a mkaka mu Russia sikokwanira, kotero dziko lathu amakakamizidwa kuitanitsa wa condensed mkaka, cheese ndi batala m'mavoliyumu lalikulu. Koma msika wa malonda lonse-mkaka, izo kwathunthu operekedwa ndi kupanga zoweta. Pa nthawi kuchokera 2009 mpaka 2012, okwana imports tchizi anali US $ biliyoni 7.5, wa batala - biliyoni 2,15 dollars. Chuma pachaka tchizi ndi batala chiwerengero cha mankhwala kunja mu dziko ochokera m'mayiko ndi 40%.