Fuselage ndege ndi chiyani? A chipangizo dera zinthu structural

The fuselage la ndege zonyamula zikugwirizana mapiko, mchira ndi zina galimotoyo. Chinali cholinga cha zipangizo, adalira ndi katundu. Ndege yopanda fuselage wotchedwa phiko chakuwuluka. Mu chipinda ake unakhuthala ndi zonse zili thupi ochiritsira galimoto. Taganizirani mfundo zinanso zimene ndege fuselage. Photos wa chigawo limeneli adzayenera kuperekedwa nkhaniyi.

amafuna ambiri

Pofotokoza mu mawu awiri, zomwe ndege fuselage, tikhoza kunena kuti nduna imeneyi. Pakuti ichi chigawo la ndegeyo kukumana angapo zofunika:

1. Zomveka ntchito buku mkati.
2. Osachepera m'mbuyo.
3. Kuonetsetsa review okwanira wa cockpit ndi malawi adalira.
4. Odalirika Teplozvukoizolyatsiya ndi zikayamba.
5. Chomasuka katundu / potsegula.
6. Mpweya wabwino, kuunikira ndi magetsi.

mawonekedwe akunja

Ndege fuselage Masamu axisymmetric thupi anapereka ndi yosalala tapering kwa patsogolo ndi mbali aft. Mu maonekedwe amenewa, malinga osachepera padziko dera chifukwa cha kukula anapatsidwa. Choncho, yafupika misa plating, ndi kukana amachepetsa. Low kulemera amapereka ubwino atadziŵa kuthamanga owonjezera mu takisi losindikizidwa. Komabe, zifukwa zingapo, mawonekedwe abwino si kulemekezedwa. Kusalala kuphwanya contours, makamaka zinthu zokhudza fuselage ndege monga nyali kanyumba, Rada mlongoti. Zimenezi kumapangitsa chinawonjezeka kukaniza ndi kuchuluka kulemera. Zotsatira chomwecho zidzachitika abwerere loyenda mitundu mu gawo mchira. Mu nkhani iyi, tilting ngodya amaperekedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kapena zowononga wa limbikitsa ndi katundu zimaswa.

katunduyu

Pofotokoza zimene fuselage (chithunzi anapereka m'nkhani, zikusonyeza makhalidwe ake), iwo ayenera ananena za zotsatira zomwe zili mumtima mwake. Pa ankafika ndi ndege kwa chigawo awa:

1. Magulu opatsirana zikuluzikulu zikugwirizana. Izi makamaka monga mapiko, ankafika zida, feathering, powerplant ndi zina zotero.
2. Misa inertial zotsatira zida, mayunitsi katundu amene mwachindunji mu izo.
3. mphamvu kuuluka bwino potsatira njira, omwe amafalitsidwa kudutsa pamwamba.
4. Zotsatira Inertial kulemera yake. Iwo ali yokha ndege fuselage dongosolo.
5. Mphamvu za kuthamanga kwambiri mu zipinda za zipangizo, ndi pressurized kanyumba.

akatundu onse anasonyeza ali oyenera kwathunthu. Poganizira zimenezi fuselage mkati zimango structural, mukhoza aipereke mu mawonekedwe a girder bokosi. Mu gawo lililonse la amakhudza yopingasa ndi ofukula mphamvu, makokedwe. Zipinda pressurized anawonjezera kuti iwo amaika wakewe umafuna.

rationality gawo

akadakwanitsira The imatengedwa akhale ndege fuselage chiwembu limene adzatha kutenga akatundu onse tanena kuti deadweight mokwanira otsika. Woonda-mipanda chipolopolo mu nkhani iyi chili kwa kapangidwe chimango. Full rationality anapereka ntchito plating. Pa mfundo kumene fuselage la ndegeyo, pali m'dera mphamvu kuuluka bwino potsatira njira, mkati overpressure, okwana ntchito mphamvu. A woonda-mipanda chipolopolo, kuchirikiza chimango mkati maximally amakwaniritsa zofuna za mawonekedwe mayiko amapereka ndondomeko kuphweka, ntchito. chipangizo otere amatchedwa fuselage anasangalala. Poyamba ntchito mayunitsi truss. Iwo kwenikweni katundu anasangalala pa sikelo yake. ndi ndege fuselage truss-zotani? Sheathing Pankhaniyi izo kwathunthu amachotsedwa ntchito. Pamangofunika m'deralo katundu kuuluka bwino potsatira njira. Ngati tiyenda pachimene ndege fuselage mu nkhani iyi, akhoza kumatanthauza ngati gawo zina, amene kumawonjezera thupi okwana wagawo ndi. Space truss kwambiri complicates kamangidwe ka katundu. Kuipa gawo zimenezi zinapangitsa kuti iwo si ntchito mu ndege zamakono. Iwo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa otsika liwiro kuwala apparatuses ndege yaing'ono.

Gawo

Pali mitundu itatu ya ndege fuselage:

1. Cladding.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

Otsiriza awiri amasiyana Chrixitu mu mawonekedwe ndi lalikulu mtanda chigawo. Kotenga anapereka ku malo kumene fuselage ndege ndizo stringers ndi longerons. Encasing gawo mu gawo mtanda zikuphatikizapo mafelemu. Iwo amapereka anakonzeratu mawonekedwe kuteteza pa deformations chipolopolo ndi kusamutsa anaikira ndi kugawidwa katundu. Kumene ndege fuselage, pali mbali zimenezi ndende lalikulu la asilikali. Pofuna kupewa mapindikidwe mu milandu wayikidwa mafelemu anatsindika. The mtanda zigawo amadza chifukwa cha malangizo aliyense taziwona kwathunthu kuphimba. Mmenemo ndi tangent ikuyenda effortlessly. yogawa timadalira malangizo amene amadza kunja ndi mawonekedwe mtanda yachigawo ya gawo. Sheathing kwathunthu kulandira makokedwe. Pankhaniyi, otaya tangential ndi anagawira wogawana pa wozungulira lapansi. Chipolopolo Choncho, ambiri ali odnozamknuty mizere mu gawo mtanda. Kumadera kumene pali cutouts mu mthunzi, anaika mphamvu akulira. Iwo amapereka m'madera amenewa kulanda khama onse.

Stringers ndi longerons

Chigawo kotenga wa fuselage ndege zambiri pa m'litali lonse. Pamodzi ndi khungu iwo amatenga yachibadwa khola khama. Kupanga stringers ndi spars wamba ikuchitika, monga ulamuliro, kwa mbiri wopindidwa kapena extruded ndi-gawo mtanda osiyana. zinthu kotenga ndi stiffness lalikulu. Pa katundu mkulu, zina, akhoza kuikidwa spars gulu. Iwo zigawo zingapo olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pamene edging mabala matabwa akuluakulu ntchito - zinthu kotenga kwa gawo bokosi. Amachita zigawo extruded, amene tilankhule wina ndi mnzake ndi makoma a plating.

anaŵerama

Iwo akhoza analimbitsa kapena ochiritsira. Recent kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha mawonekedwe mtanda yachigawo ya gawo. Heavy-ntchito mafelemu ntchito m'madera a woipa yaikulu ya mavuto thupi. Iwo mfundo m'mfundo mayunitsi, kukonza katundu, zida lalikulu, injini, ndi zina zotero. Dziwani anatipatsa pa Malire a mipata yaikulu ku nduna ya. mafelemu ochiritsira nazo, monga ulamuliro, dongosolo chimango. Iwo anapanga pepala extruded kapena kusintha. zinthu analimbitsa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a chatsekedwa chimango njira chitsulo kapena I-gawo. Tangential otaya amachita ngati thandizo anachita. chimango The kugawira chikoka kunja pa wozungulira lapansi. Panthawiyi iye amachita pa kukhotetsa. Iwo imalongosola mtanda gawo ake. Kamangidwe ka ngati chimango ndi monolithic kapena gulu. M'madera unsembe wa partitions analimbitsa wapogawanikira khoma kwathunthu sewn mmwamba. Iwo imayendetsedwa ndi mbiri yopingasa ndi choimirira. Sheathing ya chimango akhoza kukhala chipolopolo ozungulira. M'mene zinthu zolimba imakonzedwa radially.

sheathing

Zikhale za pepala zitsulo. Iwo anapanga padziko mbiri ya nyumba ndi wotetezedwa. Mfundo za mapepala yopingasa ndi mbali kotenga za gawo. Pakuti encasing mitembo ntchito monolithic nthiti mapanelo. Posachedwapa, ambiri ndithu ntchito zipangizo gulu.

zigawo pawiri

Sheathing akhoza Ufumuyo mafelemu kapena stringers kapena onse a iwo, ndipo ena. A chimake choyamba ntchito mu zigawo chophimba. Pamene kuika yekha stringers ntchito riveted seams kotenga. The mtanda mogwirizana motero kwina. Izi bwino ndi katundu kuuluka bwino potsatira njira za gawo. Koma mu nkhani iyi, katundu ang'onoang'ono akalowa wotaya bata ake. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka mu thupi kapangidwe. Pofuna kupewa izi, mthunzi amaganizira ndi compensator chimango kuphatikana - kwambiri kuphatikana.

zimfundo

Pamene girder fuselage spar chiwembu zimagwiridwa ntchito mfundo zomwe zili yekha pa mbali kotenga. mfundo zimenezi zimatchedwa mfundo. Zafotokozedwa pawiri ntchito girder stringer fuselages. Zimfundo ndi kuzungulira kukafika kutsogolo kwa chimango ndi optional khungu kumatheka kumangako ndi stringers. Mankhwala fuselages amenewa zambiri ikuchitika mwa flanges. Chotero ziwirizi ndi amapereka kugwirizana mphamvu mbali ya kulankhula mizere.

ogwiritsa mayunitsi

mfundo kugwirizana anakhala pa mafelemu anatsindika. Iwo amagwira ntchito ya litayamba mwakhama. Chifukwa iwo ikuchitika yogawa zokha kotenga katundu. Mbuyo mfundo ayenera kulankhula ndi spars mphamvu. Kuchepetsa kulemera kwa dongosolo la fuselage n'koyenera kuchepetsa mafelemu anatsindika. Ulendo uliwonse mchitidwe choncho pabwino mfundo zingapo misonkhano kuphatikana.

mapiko

Monga mbali enieni kukonza mbali izi akutumikira kugwirizanitsa mphindi kupinda mu olowa wa mapanelo phiko. Tidzakambirana ndi kugwirizanitsa zomveka mbali lamanja ndi lamanzere pa pakati, kudutsa fuselage lapansi. Pakuti mtundu wa gawo spar zokwanira kuphonya mamembala kotenga - iwo adzakhala kugwirizanitsa khola. Kulumikiza chimodzi-chidutswa ndi mapiko bokosi mwa nyumba ya ndidzadutsa onse a gulu mphamvu. Ngati pazifukwa zina ndi kudutsa zinthu fuselage sangathe akuyendera, mphindi kupinda pa dzanja lamanja ndi lamanzere ayenera kutsekedwa pa mafelemu katundu mwankhanza. njira Komabe, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mapiko spar, chiwerengero cha mbali mwa iwo ali ochepa. Monoblock ndi mbali coffered amafuna ambiri mafelemu anatsindika. Ndi kovuta kuchita pa mamangidwe a. Zikatero ndi bwino ntchito chiwembu spar.

Kiel

phiri wake amafuna kulanda kuvomerezedwa mphindi kupinda pa fuselage lapansi. Chifukwa chaichi lililonse kotenga muyezo membala chikugwirizana mphamvu chimango kuphatikana. Ngati nkotheka, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mlongoti spar mtundu Bookmark mfundo ziwiri. Iwo ndi kutalika kwa chimango lapansi. Muvi woboola pakati kotenga membala ali yopuma m'dera mphambano naye. Pamafunika kuvomerezedwa unsembe wa zolimba zina. Iwo akhoza waived mu ngati chimango ndi adzaikidwa obliquely kwa olamulira a fuselage kuti ndege kunali kupitiriza kwa mpanda wa spar lapansi. Koma kukwaniritsidwa kwa njirayi Adzatsagana ndi mavuto ena.

cutouts

The chigawo chapakati cha fuselage ndege zikuphatikizapo mabowo kwa mawindo, zitseko, hatches, nyali, zitsime gudumu. mabala onsewa akuphwanya kutsekedwa kwa khungu mizere. Choncho, bata ndi kwambiri yafupika ndi mphamvu nyama. Zoperewerazo zomvetsa pamodzi contours mipata ya wadutsa chimango okhwima edging. Ndi miyeso ka cutouts ndi dongosolo monolithic. Chopangidwa kuchokera pepala anapanga ndi mitundu kapena ayi. mabowo Okantovyvayut lalikulu malekezero a mafelemu anatsindika. Longitudinally wokwera milimo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo safika mapeto mkati recess ndi kupitirira mafelemu anatsindika. Izi zipangitsa osasinthika tsamba la magawo kotenga. ikamatera zida atathana ku nthiti pomwe spars mu mmunsi mwa thupi.

pressurized kanyumba

Pamene zouluka pa okwera mkulu imene kuthamanga kwambiri anakhalabe. Kuonetsetsa osachepera kulemera airtight cabins ntchito iwo mu mawonekedwe a dera kapena yamphamvu ndi bottoms ozungulira. M'pofunika kulimbitsa chimango, amene ali pamtunda pamphambano ya zigawo. Izi ndi zofunikira chifukwa chimaonetsa lalikulu compressive katundu. The pressurized kanyumba kanyumba ndi katundu wa kuthamanga zosafunika si kukumana kupinda deformations. Iwo amagwira ntchito okha mavuto. Nthawi zina, anati nkhungu kuti abwerere. Zimenezi kumapangitsa ndi kuwonjezeka mu kulemera kwa dongosolo lonse. Kuonetsetsa zofunika chinthu chimodzimodzi lathyathyathya gulu ntchito kupinda. Mothandizidwa overpressure, iwo imayendetsedwa ndi yopingasa ndi kotenga matabwa (nthiti). Kuti kumapangitsanso chinthu chimodzimodzi zokhudza pane ndi mu mawonekedwe a zomangamanga sangweji. The m'misasa ayenera anaonetsetsa odalirika kusindikizidwa kwa onse mafupa chamangiriridwa ndi riveted. Chifukwa chaichi, tepi wapadera. Impregnated ndi sealant, utomoni wonunkhira promazyvayut sanali kuyanika, TACHIMATA ndi pawiri wapadera, kenako kuyanika. Pamphambano mbale chipolopolo ndi ntchito Mipikisano mzere rivet zimfundo mu increments yaing'ono. Makamaka mosamala kukonzedwa hermetic hatches, mawindo, nyali, zitseko. Kusindikiza amaperekedwa ndi ntchito kusindikiza njira yapadera. Zimakhala mphira magulu, tepi, kufufuma timachubu, gaskets.

zochita Amafuna

Kuonetsetsa kugwilizana ndi zofunika amene amafotokoza fuselage ndege, ena zoyenela ziyenela kuchitidwa. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. Kusankha mfundo zimenezi chizindikiro ndi mitundu kunja casing imene kuukoka adzakhala yafupika yochepa, ndipo buku zothandiza motero, adzakhala mulingo woyenera.
2. Ntchito zochotsa fuselage. Chifukwa iwo analenga kwambiri Nyamulani. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera ndi dera mapiko a.
3. Zomveka ntchito buku zothandiza. Izi zimatheka ndi kuwonjezeka Kamangidwe osalimba, Kusinthaku yaying'ono ya katundu mu mzinda wa misa. Pankhaniyi kuti kuchepa misa munthawi ya inertia , ndi kusintha makhalidwe maneuverability. Kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana kusintha malo yokoka pamene mafuta burnup, embodiments osiyanasiyana potsegula amapereka bata wamkulu ndi kulipira bwino.
4. Mayikidwe fuselage mphamvu madera ndiponso mayunitsi Ufumuyo thereto. Pankhaniyi ayenera kukhala yolimba chikukonzekera, ndipo akusamala kufala katundu mphamvu mamembala a mapiko a, ankafika zida, empennage mayunitsi nyumba ya.
5. Kupereka Ine / O mayiko ogwira ntchito, anthu, berthing, potsegula / katundu wa katundu, zipangizo, zinthu anafuna zoyendera.
6. Kupereka njira yabwino magawo osiyanasiyana. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka kuyendera ndi kukonza.

Anthu ogwira ntchito ndi anthu a zikhalidwe zofunika ayenera analenga, komanso mlingo woyenera wa chitonthozo pa ndege ikakhala mkulu. Chofunikira ndi kuonetsetsa phokoso ndi kutentha kutchinjiriza wa cabins tikhoza ndipo mwamsanga mwadzidzidzi kuchoka kwa kanyumba. Adalira komanso zinthu omasuka ayenera analenga. Makamaka, mudziwe wabwino wa oyendetsa lidzawotchedwa anapereka, chomasuka ndege ndi kasamalidwe ndege.