Makhalidwe a "The Master ndi Margarita". The zilembo zazikulu Romana Bulgakova

Mihaila Bulgakova buku - moona chodabwitsa ndi waluso ntchito nthawi yake. Kwa zaka zambiri, sukupita chifukwa cha pachimake chikhalidwe. Ambiri mwa mawonekedwe a "The Master ndi Margarita" limachokera ku anthu enieni, otchuka a Soviet Union ndi bwalo pafupi wolemba, chifukwa iye anali zonse pafupi kumangidwa. Ambiri mwa ngwazi za Bulgakov anamupatsa zokhumudwitsa makhalidwe anthu.

Mbiri ya buku la

Tsiku lenileni ndi ntchito zosadziwika m'buku la. Mu ena drafts Bulgakov Ikani mu 1928, mu zina - 1929. Mwamtheradi amadziwika kuti March 1930 wolemba anatentha Baibulo loyambirira la ntchito. Izi zinachitika chifukwa chiletso cha sewero "The Cabal wa Onyenga".

Tsopano mutu analipo a buku anaonekera mu 1937, pamaso Bulgakov otchedwa ntchito yake "Zongoganizira buku" (kusindikiza kwachiwiri) ndi "Kalonga wa Mdima" (kope lachitatu).

Written kwathunthu buku anali mu Kuchiyambi kwa chilimwe cha 1938, koma Mikhail Bulgakov adalitenga ofanana imfa. Okwana ntchito pa ntchito yaikulu zinachitikadi mu moyo kwa zaka zoposa khumi.

Mwatsoka, wolemba sanathe kuona ntchito yake lofalitsidwa. Buku loyamba la buku anatenga malo mu 1966 mu magaziniwo zolembalemba. Yofunika chidutswa anali nakonza, koma chifukwa cha chilengedwe cha mkazi wa Bulgakov a "Master ndi Margarita" koma anakhala dziko wotchuka. Roman pangano ndi wolemba kwambiri wapeza chosafa.

The zilembo zazikulu za "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita"

Wolemba yekha pambuyo chiwonongeko cha Baibulo loyambirira la bukuli ananena kuti anatentha buku za mdierekezi. Voland zoona, ndicho galimoto kumulimbikitsa ntchito. Iye Mosakayikira munthu wofunika.

Pamodzi ndi Satana zilembo zazikulu za buku la - Mbuye ndi Margarita, ngakhale kuti iwo amaoneka kutali ndi chiyambi cha bukhu. Master imapezeka mu chaputala 12, Margarita, ndi kuti ndiye - mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi wa.

Pali malingaliro ambiri mu dziko philological ponena za khalidwe kutsogolera. Monga mutu wa ntchito ndi udindo wa chifaniziro m'buku Woland, sankhani atatu okha lalikulu chithunzi.

Voland

Kwa nthawi yoyamba wowerenga likumanenso Woland kumayambiriro kwa bukuli. Ndipo pomwepo fano lake amalenga ndi maganizo osokoneza. Features khalidwe kuti akhoza kuonetsedwa, pa maziko a zochita zake, lifanane ndi mbali kunja. Paokha ndi fanizo wapawiri, choncho maso a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pamwamba osiyana ndi nsidze. Amakayikira ndi kuchenjerera, ndi onse wopatsa chabwino.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti Berlioz ndi Ivan, woyamba amene anaona Professor Woland, anasokonezeka akodwa mu maganizo awo ayi. Nkhani yomwe akuuza nzika zachilendo, samapeza mafotokozedwe zomveka omvera.

Koma Woland anabwera Moscow osati kunyamula nkhaniyo. Iye anali umodzimodzi cholinga zimenezi zimamuthandiza kuti achite retinue wamakani. Amatsegula ku likulu la chisokonezo. Theatre "Zosiyanasiyana" yakhala malo mmagawo ya kulodza. Madona anali atalonjezedwa diresi latsopano, pamapeto, anathamangira kunja mu kabudula wake. chuma chosaneneka ukugwa kuchokera kudenga, kenako inasanduka chidutswa yaulele ya pepala.

Cholinga cha kufika pansi Woland ndi retinue wake ankaona chilango cholephera kutsatira malamulo a m'Baibulo. Kwenikweni, ndi chifano loyamba la satana mu mabuku kufunafuna pofuna kukwaniritsa chabwino ndi choipa, kuwala ndi mdima.

Messer anati anthu ena amene anabwera ku Moscow kuphunzira chatsopanocho pamanja gwirani chigawo matsenga ndi kuvina.

Limadzitsegula pa mpirawo Woland mitundu ake oona. owerenga limaoneka Satana mwiniyo. Kutenga ankatumikira wake, anali kubisalira m'dziko lotsatira tsiku lotsatira.

Origin Woland nthawi yomweyo bwino. Ndakatulo opanda pokhala zodabwitsa, osati mlendo ngati womdziwa watsopano, chifukwa chirichonse mu pulofesa amapereka mlendo: njira, unsembe wa kulankhula, zochita zake.

Mikhail Bulgakov anabwereka dzina la protagonist a ndakatulo "Faust" ndi Goethe. Voland, kapena Faland - mmodzi wa dzina la mdierekezi. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti zinachitika Satana anakhala mtsogoleri wa anthu - I. V. Stalin, imene komanso Woland, ali pa wankhanza ndi munthu wabwino.

Wokoma kalonga wa mdima anamutcha osati monga "Bwana" ndi "bambo", choncho dzina Woland wowerenga amaphunzira yomweyo.

mbuye

Master - mbiri maphunziro, amene nthawizonse ndinkafuna kuti chinkhoswe mu kulemba ntchito. Pambuyo adzapambane pa mpikisano anali mwayi wotero. Iye anakhala mlengi wa buku za Pontiyo Pilato ndi Yesu, njira zawo comprehended Uthenga zochitika koma anafika pafupi ndi misala pambuyo ntchito yake anadzudzula nines.

dzina ngwazi za sanatchulidwepo m'buku la Bulgakov. Dzina "Master" Margaret anamupatsa wake wokondedwa. Komabe, iye anali manyazi chithandizo chotere. Iye nthawizonse kupewedwa zinthu ndinali kuitana ndekha. Ndakatulo Ivan opanda pokhala ananena kuti iye alibe dzina ndi dzina.

mbali kunja khalidwe zikusowa. N'zoonekeratu kuti wokongola, koma kukhumba mu maso ake erases ndi gloss onse. Iye ali pafupi usinkhu wa zaka forte, iye mdima tsitsi ndi nthawi oyera-kumetedwa, ngakhale mu chipatala.

owerenga adzamvetsa chakuti Master kuchokera amene anapuma pantchito Bulgakov, ndi ubwenzi ndi Margaret ofanana kwambiri moyo wake ndi mkazi wake wachitatu Elena Sergeevna. Master, komanso Mikhail Bulgakov, kutenthedwa buku lake ndi Margarita, komanso Elena Shilovskaya amapulumutsa mtembo wake.

The zaka mofanana aluso awiri ndipo ubale wawo ndi otsutsa zolembalemba, chifukwa Bulgakov mwini mobwerezabwereza zakhala anasekedwa ndi kuzunzidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yawo.

Buku sindizo ndendende anafotokoza mmene Master afika ku chipatala bongo. Anthu ena otsutsa zolembalemba amakhulupirira kuti uwu ndi u- buku zopindika kope, ena amalimbikira kuti wolemba Motero amapanga amanena chitsutsocho 30-ntchentche, pamene munthu akanakhoza udzatheratu.

Margaret

Margarita Nikolaevna - Ambuye chibwenzi, wosiyana ndi okondedwa awo. Iye mokondwera kulandira mwayi kukhala mfumukazi ya Woland pa mpira monga limalonjeza kuti akwaniritse mmodzi wa chilakolako chake. Margaret analakalaka kuti adzaonanenso ndi Master, kenako chinachitika chifukwa Satana.

Dzina Margarita wowerenga sakudziwa mpaka pakati pa buku la Master Wobisa wake wokondedwa.

Margarita - ndi chithunzi chofanana, odzipereka kwambiri kwa Gretchen ( "Faust" ndi Goethe) ndi mkazi wolembayo Elena Shilovskaya. Makamaka, msonkhanowo anafotokoza Master ndi Margarita - ndi buku lenileni la Bulgakov chikondi ndi mkazi wake.

Akatswiri ena kuona maonekedwe a French mfumukazi Margaret (Marguerite de A Valois ndi Margo Navarrskoy), ndipo m'lembali pali mawu onena za kufanana awo (mawu akuti Koroviev khalidwe zimakhalira ndi French yachifumu).

Margarita otchulidwa buku, ndi wokongola koma mumangonyong'onyeka mkazi wotetezedwa munthu amene wapeza tanthauzo la moyo pambuyo kukumana ndi Mbuye wawo.

Na Bulgakov anachita zazikulu khalidwe chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi nsembe, ndi kuthandiza imasonkhezera wolemba, wokonzeka kupereka moyo wake chifukwa cha wokondedwa.

otchulidwa ziwanda

Woland ndi anamuperekeza wake zambiri okha ndi anakopa ndi zipolowe zonse zikuchitika mu Moscow. Nthawi zina abuluzi yekha. Ankatumikira Satana zonse zisanu. Aliyense ali ntchito yake, ntchito yawo.

Koroviev-Fagot amachita ngati wochititsa ndi interprenera, ndi - yokwana dzanja lamanja la mbuye wake. dzina lake lili ndi magawo awiri. Ng'ombe - linachokera ku dzina la ngwazi nkhani "The Mudzi Stepanchikovo". Bulgakov a Koroviev ali ambiri mbali Korovkina anausankha Dostoevsky. Gawo lachiwiri la dzina - mutu wa chida choimbira. Pali wolemba kutsogoleredwa deta khalidwe kunja, chifukwa, ngati bassoon, Bulgakov daemon woonda, mkulu, ndipo pakhoza kukhala katatu kuchita mbuye malangizo.

Koroviev-Fagot ankaimira Makhalidwe a buku womasulira, wa regent, poonera aluso. Woona chigoba chake, chiwanda ndi mdierekezi sanatsegula mwakamodzi. Koma owerenga tcheru muona mmene pali ngwazi nkhaniyo. Kwenikweni amachokera ku Moscow mpweya otentha (malinga ndi nthano zoopsa kutentha prihoda ndi nyengo yachisanu ikupita mphamvu zoipa).

Cat mvuu - ngwazi kuti akhoza kuyesa mawonekedwe aliwonse. khalidwe Ichi ndi chizindikiro profligacy ndi kususuka, alinso ankakonda chibwana a Woland, jester wake.

Bulgakov khalidwe polima yokhudzana ndi zolemba satirical ndi zoseketsa nsalu mu kuipidwa ndi akatswiri kuzindikira makhalidwe abwino a buku la. Iwo akulankhula za izo ndi zinthu zonse zimene anapanga mphaka mvuu (shootout ndi Apolisiwo, masewera a Chess ndi bwana, mpikisano kuwombera ndi Azazello).

Hella - khalidwe amene sangathe kuchita ntchito iliyonse. A mzukwa wamkazi ndi kofunika mtumiki Voland. Mu buku, iye akuimira wobiriwira-eyed mtsikana ndi tsitsi lalitali wofiira, umene umayenda momasuka mu mlengalenga. Izi aipatsa kuyandikana wapadera ndi mfitiyo. Kupereka mtumiki wake Margarita, Voland limasonyeza promptness ake, kuthandizana ndi nzeru.

Zikuoneka kuti ambiri mwa maonekedwe a mzukwa Hella, Bulgakov akakhalemo mu nkhani "The Vampire" ndi Alexei Tolstoy. Kuyambira pamenepo, kumamumenya ndi kuwonekera mano, mdierekezi kukupsopsonani, chifukwa cha zomwe Varenukha salinso aponyere mthunzi ndi kukhala mzukwa. Hella - khalidwe ndiye m'modzi yekha wa retinue lonse la Woland sankachita nawo maonekedwe a ndege lomaliza.

Azazello zikuoneka ngati kugwirizana, ndi recruiter kwa ntchito wakuda bwana. Kwathunthu wosaoneka khalidwe, lalifupi, ndi utoto, kumutulutsira mu madera osiyana, tsitsi yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda mano. Malizitsani fano la nsapato setifiketi chikopa, bowler chipewa pa mutu wake ndi milozo suti Azazello. Margarita, nthawi yoyamba pamene iye anamuwona iye, wotchedwa ngwazi achifwamba makapu.

Abadoni alipo kwinakwake chapansipansi, ndipo kumasiyana ena maganizo ake azimvetsa zonse dziko choipa ndi ubwino kwa dziko.

otchulidwa m'Baibulo

gawo m'Baibulo ya buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" lolembedwa ndi Bulgakov zochokera Wabwino wa Mateyu, koma amagwiritsa ntchito maina Chiaramu kuti amaonedwa mbiri yakale molondola (Yesu mmalo mwa Yesu).

Nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya buku wolembayo ndi chidagawika patatu. Woyamba akuuza Voland pa m'mayiwe khololo, loto chachiwiri cha ndakatulo opanda pokhala, wachitatu kuwerenga Margarita. Mu chaputala m'Baibulo, pali maumboni ambiri dongosolo Soviet mphamvu ndi makonzedwe.

Makhalidwe a "The Master ndi Margarita" - Aphranius (apolisi mkulu wa Pilato), Yudasi (wokhala Yershalaim amene adampereka Yesu), Iosif Kaifa (wansembe, amene anatumiza Yesu kuti imfa), Leviy Matvey (wophunzira wa Yesu, amene anamuwombera pa ntanda), Pontiyo Pilato ndi Yesu, komanso anthu ena angapo.

Pontiyo Pilato

Bwanamkubwa wa Yudeya otchedwa kudziwa za tsogolo la Yesu Ha-likupita imfa. Chovuta ndi opondereza munthu anaganiza pa mafunso mlandu. Pa kukambirana ichi, Pontiyo Pilato anali kwathunthu chidwi kwambiri ndi Yesu, koma ngakhale zozizwitsa, kuti amuonetse (Ha-anachiritsa migraine bwanamkubwa), chilango cha imfa udatsimikiziridwa.

Chifukwa cha chifundo chake kwa Yesu Pilato anaganiza kubwezera. Anauzanso kupha munthu amene anakonza Ha-kugundidwa ndi bwalo la akulu.

Pontiyo Pilato ndi Yesu zinapatsira mzake maganizo zosamvetsetseka, chifukwa cha zomwe poyamba anavutika moyo wake wonse. Iye ankadziwa kuti iye anali anasaina chiganizo wake moona chozizwitsa. Choncho, onse moyo wake thupi kukomoka anamangidwa, iye yekha ndi analenga. Pa ndege lotsiriza la Satana Woland anafunsa Goliyati kuti ufulu wa Pilato, chimene iye anachichita.

Yesu Ha-

Nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya buku ziri mosiyana ndi Uthenga Wabwino mbali ambiri omwe si n'komwe Bulgakov. Yoswa amaonetsera munthu wamba, anali ndi mphatso za chifundo, amene ankabwerera ndi khamu la otentheka ndi otsatira. Kwenikweni, chifukwa cha kuzunzidwa komanso zolakwa zawo maulaliki Yoswa, ndi wotsiriza anali pafupi imfa. Yesu akuuza Pilato pa wina stalker makamaka obsessive, mangled mawu ake. dzina lake ndi Leviy Matvey. Ambuye, Margarita potsiriza nthawi yaitali zikomo mtendere kwa iye.

Kwambiri mabuku otsutsa fotokozani ngati antipode wa Yesu Woland. Komabe, pali wina, zambiri ndimasewera Baibulo. Yesu sali zinachitika kwa Yesu. The ngwazi za Bulgakov - ndi chimake cha chinyengo, chigoba, amene anapatsidwa ndi mzimu wa guises osiyana. Mwina buku lino anabadwa chifukwa cha zokonda achipembedzo a wolemba. Iye sanali odzipereka kuli Mulungu, koma sanamvere malamulo mpingo.

Yesu ndi wosiyana ndi Uthenga wa Yesu mwatsatanetsatane za kubadwa ndi moyo ndi worldview. Iye pabwino yekha monga nzeru zapamwamba, koma buku la si mosapita m'mbali. Yoswa ananena kuti onse amuna ndi wabwino, Yesu anati mu Uthenga umene zabwino ndi zoipa kulibe pamodzi mu mtima wa munthu.

mtima wolemba kuti khalidwe la bwino ndithu. Bulgakov iye akumvetsa ndi endorses ndi kuwolowa manja ndiponso anthu a Yesu, Komabe, sikuti kuzindikira umulungu mwa iye ndipo sanaone mfundo wodzipereka.

Moscow otchulidwa

Makhalidwe a "The Master ndi Margarita" makamaka liwonerere kwa anthu enieni, ndipo zina ndi parodies zakuthwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, zinachitika Archibald Archibaldovich anali Yakov Rozental, odyera woyang'anira Herzen nyumba (nkhani buku odyera Griboyedov nyumba).

Mu buku la, owerenga akuona parody za wotsogolera Moscow Art Theatre Nemirovich-Danchenko mu nkhope ya Bengal, tsogolo la amene ali mwini wake wa wolemba chidani kwa amakayikira ndale "akuyamwitsa mmwamba" (iye mutu).

Ena otchuka a wolemba analibe ngakhale Musiyeni kusintha mayina. Mwachitsanzo, mu Annushka angaphunzire mnansi Bulgakov, ndi Dr. Kuzmin analidi dokotala mwanayo.

Bulgakov amagwiritsanso ntchito maina a okamba (Likhodeev, Bogohulsky, nsapato), amene amachita imafotokoza mwachindunji mwawo. "Master ndi Margarita" - osati buku loyamba wolemba, imene amagwiritsa ntchito prototypes. Mwachitsanzo, mu "The White Alonda" Iye sketched fano Nikolka chopangira mphamvu ndi mchimwene wake.

Mikhail Bulgakov - wolemba zodabwitsa, kugwira ntchito mu umodzi kuimba wokongola chikondi nkhani, mutu wa ufulu, kuyankha maganizo a mafunso ndi akatswiri woonda, kwenikweni ena akupangira, lembani skits satirical otchulidwa amene anali wosalolera anthu ake.