Makhalidwe apamwamba - ziyeneretso za ziyeneretso za mameneja, akatswiri ndi ogwira ntchito

Makhalidwe apamwamba ndi nkhani zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuchititsa chidwi kuchokera kwa abwana. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kuti mu nyengo zamakono muli chizoloŵezi chophatikizitsa zonse zokhudzana ndi msika wogwira ntchito.

Ndi kuyenda kwaufulu kwa mautumiki ndi katundu, ndalama ndi ntchito, komanso mpikisano wothamanga pakati pa ogulitsa, palifunika kuphunzitsa antchito oyenerera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nkofunika kuti wogwira ntchitoyo asakhale ndi luso lapadera. Kufunikanso kuti athe kupanga zosankha zofunikira payekha. Magaziniyi inapindula kwambiri ndi kubwera kwa makampani akumadzulo kumsika wathu. Ndipo lero zofunikira kuti ziyeneretso za ogwira ntchito zikuyandikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali kunja kwa bizinesi. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kufotokoza kwakukulu kwa matekinoloje a makompyuta, ndi kusintha kwa njira zamakono, komanso ndikudziwitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito.

Pofuna kumvetsa zomwe ziyenera kukhala msinkhu wa chidziwitso ndi luso la wogwira ntchito, ndikukonzekera miyambo ya boma.

Tanthauzo la lingaliro

Kodi mawu oti "machitidwe abwino" amatanthauzanji? Izi ndi zolemba zachilengedwe zomwe ziri ndi ndondomeko (kufotokozera) za zofunikira zoyenerera zomwe zimaperekedwa pa khalidwe ndi zotsatira za ntchito za wogwira ntchitoyo.

Kufunika kokhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa miyezo ya ntchito ikufotokozedwa mu Lamulo la Pulezidenti No. 597 la 07/05/2012 "Pazinthu zoyenera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe chadziko". Mabuku atsopano ovomerezedwa poyerekeza ndi ETC ndi CEN ndiwo mawonekedwe atsopano a kuyesa ziyeneretso za ogwira ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, mabuku ovomerezeka omwe poyamba adavomereza pang'onopang'ono amakhala opanda ntchito. Iwo alibe ntchito zambiri zatsopano kapena kufotokoza zomwe ali nazo sizigwirizana ndi zomwe zilipo.

Chiwerengero cha ntchito

Makhalidwe apamwamba ndi ofunikira:

• Mapangidwe a ziyeneretso za dziko;
• Kupanga njira yowunikira omaliza maphunziro a ntchito yophunzitsa;
• Kuonetsetsa zapamwamba za ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zina za ntchito zomwe wogwira ntchitoyo amachita;
• Kupanga miyezo yophunzitsira mapulogalamu oyenerera mu njira yophunzitsira antchito oyenerera.

Malemba ovomerezeka pa kufufuza ziyeneretso za wogwira ntchitoyo amalola mabungwe kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya anthu, pokonzekera chizindikiritso ndi maphunziro a antchito awo. Kuonjezera apo, machitidwe ogwira ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtengo wa ntchito ndi tanthauzo la machitidwe a malipiro. Malemba awa ovomerezeka ndi ofunikira maphunziro. Amagwiritsira ntchito muyezo umodzi wa ntchito za boma pamene akupanga pulogalamu yoyenera yophunzitsa.

Kupititsa zikalata zatsopano

Ndondomeko yowonjezeramo miyambo yapamwamba kuchokera ku chilengedwe mpaka kukwaniritsa ntchitoyi yakhazikitsidwa ndi Boma la Russian Federation. Amavomereza malembawa a Ministry of Labor. Makhalidwe apamwamba ndi omwe amachititsa kuti azitsatira malamulo. Chidziwitso chovomerezeka chawo chinalowa mu bukhu lapadera lokhazikitsidwa ndi Ministry of Labor.

Mpaka pano, pali kale luso laumisiri mu maphunziro, thanzi, chikhalidwe ndi luso. Iwo ali mu masewera a masewera, mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi maofesi. Pa December 12, 2014, pansi pa No. 1061-n, lamulo lina la Utumiki wa Ntchito linasaina. Kafukufuku wamalonda a ogwira ntchito zachuma adakhazikitsidwa ndi chikalata ichi. Pali malamulo ena a dipatimentiyi yokhudzana ndi ogwira ntchito kuntchito komanso zachuma.

Pulogalamu yoyambitsa PS:

• Zosintha zokhudza zofunikira za ogwira ntchito, poyang'ana pa makhalidwe ena, monga chidziwitso cha kudzipindulitsa ndi kupitiliza maphunziro, zatsopano ndi kusintha;
• Zomwe dziko likukwaniritsa pa ntchito ya PS;
• Njira zatsopano zopezera zofunikira za PS.

Njira ya chitukuko

Kodi muyeso wa zochitika zogwirira ntchito umabadwa motani? Maziko a chitukuko chake ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino. Iye adalowetsa ndondomeko ya ntchito yomwe yanena kale ya katswiri.

Njira yomwe idagwiritsidwira ntchito zaka zapitazo tsopano ikuwoneka ngati yosagwira ntchito, popeza ikulephera kuwona kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha umoyo, chuma, ndi kufulumira kwa kayendedwe katsopano.

Kafukufuku wogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse m'mayiko onse omwe ali ndi chitukuko chochuluka chachuma, chifukwa sichimangoganizira zokhazokha za makampani apamwamba kwambiri, komanso maiko akunja, zosowa ndi zochitika.

Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, kufotokoza kwa ntchito ya ntchito ya wogwila ntchitoyo kumapangidwira pa mndandanda wa zofunikira zomwe adaziyika.

PS mawonekedwe

Maphunziro onse a ogwira ntchito ali ndi zigawo zina, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ntchito yawo ndi luso la luso. Mu dongosolo la PS palinso zofunika zomwe zimaperekedwa pa bungwe lapadera.

Zigawo za ndondomeko zamaluso zikufotokozera momveka bwino magawo monga:

• Dzina la ntchito za PS;
• Zofunikira zowonjezera malemba;
• Makhalidwe a msinkhu woyenera.

Zolinga za ndondomeko zamagwiritsidwe ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu woyenera wa chidziwitso cha wogwira ntchitoyo. Amakhudzanso udindo wawo komanso ufulu wawo.

Zofunikira zonse za PS zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso ndi luso la ogwira ntchito zapakhomo zimaphimba magulu atatu oyenerera. Zina mwa izo:

• Ophunzira, omwe ali ofanana ndi ntchito ;
• Kupititsa patsogolo, kulumikizana ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi ntchito, kusintha kwa malo ogwira ntchito ndi malo ogwira ntchito, komanso kuyankhulana mu gulu;
• Makhalidwe apamwamba omwe wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala nawo poyerekeza ndi mitundu yonse ya ntchito zomwe amachitirako, powonetsera kuthekera kupeza nzeru zatsopano ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha komwe kwatulutsidwa kale.

Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yapamwamba mu maphunziro pokonzekera mapulogalamu a maphunziro. Chifukwa cha ichi, akatswiri omwe amaphunzira kuchokera ku mabungwe a dongosolo lino amadziwa ntchito zofunikira kuti achite ntchito zina.

Muzovomerezeka zamaluso zomwe zimavomerezedwa pa msinkhu wa malamulo, mukhoza kupeza:

• Kufotokozera za ntchito zogwira ntchito;
• Maina ogwira ntchito;
• Zofunikira pa maphunziro;
• Zolinga za chidziwitso cha ntchito.

Kodi PS ili bwanji?

Ndondomeko malinga ndi momwe akatswiri amalangizi amakhalira, ali ndizindikiritsa ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunikira. Sichifukwa chofotokozera munthu amene akuchita. Pachifukwa ichi, chiyambi cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa kafukufuku wamaphunziro ndi kusanthula ntchito yofunikira. Kuti amvetsetse, anthu ambiri omwe anafunsidwa amafunsidwa, omwe ndi antchito a mafakitale. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ntchito zogwirira ntchito zimazindikiritsidwa, ndipo ziyeneretso zapamwamba zogwiritsira ntchito zawo zatsimikiziridwa. Deta imeneyo yomwe imapezeka pa kafukufukuyo, ndikukulolani kuzindikira chofunikira kwambiri kwa wogwira ntchito, komanso chiyeneretso cha ziyeneretso zake.

Zotsatira za chitukuko cha PS

Makhalidwe apamwamba, ovomerezedwa ndi Ministry of Labor, panthawi ya chilengedwe chake adutsa magawo angapo. Pa oyambirira a iwo, Gulu la akatswiri linalengedwa, lokhala ndi oimira makampani ena. Ndiye mndandanda waukulu wa ntchito zomwe wogwira ntchitoyo adazichita, ndi mndandanda wa luso, chidziwitso ndi luso lofunikira zomwe zinafunikanso kuti apitirize kuyankhulana. Pambuyo pake, kufunsa kwa akatswiri otsogolera ndi atsogoleri a malonda a makampani ogwirira ntchitoyi anachitidwa ndipo deta yolandiridwa idakonzedwa. Kukonzekera kwa ndondomeko zamaluso kunalinso:

• Kukonza ndi kuyambitsa kafukufuku pa mabungwe ogulitsa;
• Kusintha kwa deta yolandizidwa;
• Kukonzekera kulembedwa kwa PS ndi zokambirana zake mmudzi;
• Kukonzekera kwa chikalatacho, kuvomereza kwake ndi kugonjera ku Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation.

Pambuyo pake, mutatuluka lamuloli "Pavomerezedwa ndi Makhalidwe Abwino" mu izi kapena gawo la ntchito.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa PS

Ndani akufunikira miyezo ya akatswiri ndipo chifukwa chiyani? Malemba ovomerezeka awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Wogwira ntchito popanga zofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito;
• Maphunziro a zapamwamba pa chitukuko cha mapulogalamu a maphunziro ndi miyezo yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni pa msika wa ntchito;
• Ogwira ntchito kuti azindikire kukwaniritsa maluso awo malinga ndi zofunikira zamakono.

Kukula kwa PS kudzakuthandizani kusonkhanitsa kagulu katsopano ka ntchito zomwe zilipo pazinthu zachuma. Izi ndizofunikira mdziko lamakono, kumene kumakhala kufotokoza nthawi zonse za zomwe ntchitoyo ikugwira.

Nchifukwa chiyani timafunikira muyezo wa akatswiri? Katswiri pa izi kapena gawoli lachitetezo pogwiritsa ntchito chikalata ichi chikhoza kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kukonzanso mlingo woyenera wa khalidwe la ntchito yake.

Ovomerezedwa ndi Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation, PS ndi katswiri wochepa. Maofesi onse, akatswiri ndi ogwira ntchito ayenera kutsata. Kuphatikiza apo, PS ingatengedwe ngati maziko opanga maudindo a ntchito za malonda ndi makampani. Pankhaniyi, n'zotheka kufotokozera kapena kuwonjezera ntchito za antchito ena, poganizira maunthu omwe ali nawo mu bungwe la kayendedwe ndi ntchito.

Komanso, zofunikira zomwe PS imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu ndi maphunziro. Izi zimathandiza kuti bungwe la maphunziro limasule katswiri yemwe ali ndi mpikisano pamsika wogwira ntchito. Zimakhulupirira kuti kukonzekera kwa yunifolomu zofunikira pazochita zamaluso mu ntchito imodzi kapena ina idzakhazikitsa dongosolo la maphunziro opitiliza ndikuyesa mitundu yonse ndi mitundu.

Kuyambira kwa PS

Pa July 1, 2016, kusintha kwa TC kunayamba kugwira ntchito, zomwe zinaperekedwa ndi Federal Law No. 122-FZ ya 02.05.2015. Kuchokera pa 01.07.2016 malemba ovomerezekawa akhala akuvomerezedwa kuti apemphedwe ndi mabungwe a boma ndi maboma, komanso mabungwe omwe mabungwe omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi a Russian Federation, bungwe lake kapena bungwe la municipalities. Mpaka pano, takhala ndi zoposa 800 zogwirizana ndi PS. Ngati bungwe lochokera kumndandanda pamwambapa silingagwire ntchito izi, ndiye woyang'anira ake akhoza kukhala pansi pa zilango zazithunzi pansi pa zojambulajambula. 5.27 ya Administrative Code ya Russian Federation.

Boma likukonzekera kubwezeretsa m'malo mwathunthu omwe alipo omwe ali ogwirizanitsa ntchito komanso buku loyenerera la ntchito ndi ntchito za ogwira ntchito, komanso Buku Lophatikizira Buku Lophatikizapo maudindo, akatswiri ndi ogwira ntchito. Adzatsatiridwa ndi machitidwe abwino omwe amavomerezedwa ndi zochitika. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokha ya luso - chiyembekezo cha nthawi yokwanira.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji zomwe zili ndi PS? Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku webusaiti yathu ya Ministry of Labor ndikutsegula Register of Professional Standards, yomwe imasungidwa pazinthu izi. Kuphatikizanso apo, ndi PS yolandiridwa kale ingapezeke pamasamba a machitidwe osiyanasiyana ofotokoza zalamulo.

Udindo wogwiritsira ntchito PS

M'nkhani ya 195-3 ya LC RF pulezidenti, kusintha kunayambika. Zimapereka kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya ntchito pokhapokha pamene zofunikira kuti munthu akhale woyenera kugwira ntchito ali ndi malamulo ena ovomerezeka. Kupanda kutero, kufotokozera za chidziwitso ndi luso la ogwira ntchito zomwe zilipo mu PS ndi zachikhalidwe chovomerezeka ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtsogoleriyo ngati maziko olemba zolemba za ntchito kwa timu yake.

Malamulo sapereka malangizo pa momwe abwana ayenera kukhalira miyezo yapamwamba pamalonda ake. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito PS imasankhidwa ndi bungwe kapena wogulitsa malonda. Mwachitsanzo, poyambira, kagulu kogwira ntchito kanakhazikitsidwa omwe mamembala awo adzayendera chitsulo cha ogwira ntchito ogwirizana ndi PS. Malingana ndi zotsatira zomwe zapezeka, chisankho cha mutu chidzatengedwa.

Makampani angakhale ndi milandu pamene msinkhu wa maphunziro wa wogwira ntchito sutsata zofunikira za PS. Kodi mungachite chiyani ndi izi? Kuchotsa wogwira ntchito pazikoli, bwana alibe ufulu, chifukwa izi sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Code Labour. Utsogoleri wa malondawo ukhoza kuchitiranso zizindikiritso za antchito ake. Ngati komitiyi ikakhazikitsa kusiyana pakati pa wogwira ntchito pa udindo womwe wapatsidwa, ndiye bwana yekhayo ali ndi chifukwa chochotsedwa. Utsogoleri wa malondawa ali ndi ufulu wopereka wogwira ntchitoyo kupita kumalo ena omwe akugwirizana ndi chiyeneretso chake.

Kusintha kwa PS

Zowonjezera ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe ogwira ntchito omwe amavomerezedwa ndi Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation adzakwaniritsa kulingalira zomwe apolisi a National Council adayankha motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti wa Russian Federation kuti ayenerere maphunziro. Pa nthawi yomweyi, njira zoyenera za chitukuko cha zachuma zidzatengedwa. Kufunika kokonzanso PS kudzatsimikiziridwa komanso molingana ndi zomwe zili mu Bukhu la Zochitika Zatsopano ndi Zatsopano, pakufunidwa pa msika wogwira ntchito.

Mapulani a miyezo yatsopano yatsopano angaperekedwe kuti afunsidwe ndi a Ministry of Labor of Russia ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kusintha kwa PS kudzapangidwe mofanana ndi ntchito zina zowonongeka. Izi zidzafuna kupezeka kwa malingaliro ololera kapena kusintha komwe kumafanana ndi malamulo a Russian Federation.

Kutsiliza

Pakalipano, miyezo yaumisiri ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mmagulu a mabungwe. Tikuyembekeza kuti posachedwapa popanda PS olemba sangathe kumanga mfundo zawo. Chifukwa chake, ntchito zatsopano zowonetsera malamulo zimayenera kuphunziridwa pang'onopang'ono kuti azizigwiritse ntchito mokwanira pakukonza mgwirizano wa ntchito, kufotokozera ntchito ndi zikalata zolembera.