Makhalidwe spirogyra - omwe amaimira ofesi ya Green algae

Spirogira amatanthauza Dipatimenti ya Green algae. Thupi lake ndi mawonekedwe a thallus filamentous, omwe ali ndi maselo ena ndipo samapanga ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu onse oimira gulu la zomera zochepa. Kulumikiza kumunsi, monga mwa algae onse, spirogyra ali ndi rhizoids. Mothandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a filamentous, wamtali amangirizidwa ku gawo lapansi. Mankhwalawa amadziyimiranso ndi maselo osungunula ndipo samapanga tizirombo.

Kukhala kwa spirogyra ku Dipatimenti ya Green algae kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupezeka kwa ma chloroplasts mu maselo a chomera ichi chomera. Nyumbazi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya mapulasitiki. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma chloroplasts, algae, monga zomera zonse, amatha kupanga mapuloteni - amapanga zakudya zokha, zofunika pakukula ndi chitukuko.

Makhalidwe a maselo a spirogyra

Yemweyu woimira green algae ndi thupi lamitundu yambiri. Kapangidwe ka spirogyra (chithunzi pamwambapa chikuwonetsa zikuluzikuluzikulu) chikuyimiridwa ndi mawonekedwe aatali a mawonekedwe. Ma chloroplasts a algae awa amawoneka ngati nthiti, zomwe zimapotoza. Makhalidwe amenewa amatanthauzanso dzina la zamoyo. Maselo amawongoleranso, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Zimagwirizanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pores mu zipolopolo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podzitetezera.

Mofanana ndi maselo onse a zomera, ambiri a iwo amakhala ndi mavitamini, omwe ali ndi malo osungiramo madzi ndi zakudya zosungunuka. Zigawo zimaphatikizidwa ndi makapu amadzimadzimadzi, kuwapatsa mphamvu ndi kukhwima.

Algae spirogyra, mofanana ndi zomera zonse, ndi chiwalo cha eukaryotic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo ake ali ndi pathupi. Mu organelle muli zamoyo zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu mamolekyu a DNA.

Habitat

Algae spirogyra nthawi zambiri ndi okhala mumadzi atsopano ndi madzi oima. Koma imakhalanso m'madzi. Nsalu zake, zowakanikirana kwambiri, zikuwoneka ngati ubweya wofiira wa thonje wozungulira pamwamba.

Mphamvu

Mapangidwe a spirogyra amadziwitsa mtundu wake wa chakudya, popeza maselo a algae ali ndi masamba obiriwira a ma chloroplast, amatha kupanga njira ya photosynthesis. Chokhazikika chake chimakhala pakupanga zinthu zakuthambo kuchokera ku mphamvu zopanda mphamvu chifukwa cha mazira a dzuwa. Mtundu uwu wa chakudya umatchedwa autotrophic.

Nthendayi yomwe imapezeka ndi shuga imagwiritsa ntchito njira zofunika komanso kukula kwa thupi. Osijeni yosungidwa imafunika kuti zamoyo zonse zizipuma - chofunikira chokhalapo pa dziko lapansi. Gwero la zinthu zofunikira pa photosynthesis, monga madzi ndi carbon dioxide, ndi malo awo enieni.

Kubalanso

Chifukwa cha zobiriwira, zofalitsa zamasamba ndi mbali zina za thallus zimakhala zazikulu. Ulusi wambiri umagawanika, ndipo chilichonse chimapangitsa thupi kukhala latsopano. Izi zimatsimikizira kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchitoyi. Komabe, mawonekedwe a spirogyra amachititsa kuti zogonana zitheke. Ikuchitika mwa mawonekedwe a kugonana. Pachifukwa ichi, ulusi wa algae pakati pawo, pakati pawo pali mapangidwe apadera - njira yopopera. Pa izo, mkati mwa selo limodzi lokhala ndi ma jiniketi imayenderera mu chimzake. Zotsatira zake, pali mapangidwe ophatikizidwa - zygospora. M'dziko lino, algae amalekerera mikhalidwe yosasangalatsa, ndipo mu kasupe kamwana kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kakukula kuchokera pamenepo.

Kugonana kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zatsopano za thupi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zomera zikhale ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Kufunika kwa zamoyo ndi zamoyo

Mapangidwe a spirogyra amapanga chinthu chachikulu mu maphunziro a labotale, popeza ali ndi maselo akuluakulu omwe amakwanira 0.01 mm mwake. Mbalameyi imapanga mapepala ambirimbiri m'madzi ambiri. Biomass yotereyi ikhoza kupereka oxygen yochuluka kwambiri. Koma malowa ali ndi phindu lopanda pake, chifukwa limayambitsa ndondomeko ya kugwidwa, kubvunda ndi maluwa. Zotsatira zake, nyama zambiri zimatha kufa. Ndithudi mawu ochokera mu nyimbo ya ana "adakokera matope a bulauni omwe ali pamwamba pa dziwe lakale" amaperekedwa ku magetsi obiriwira a spirogyra. Komabe, chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi amakhalabe ndi moyo, ndipo zomera zomwe zimatha kupanga, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomera zapadziko lapansi.

Spirogira ndi omwe amaimira gulu la Lower Plant, lomwe ndi Dipatimenti ya Green Algae. Ndi mbali yofunikira kwambiri ya zachilengedwe za pafupifupi madzi onse a madzi abwino, gwero la zinthu zakuthupi ndi oksijeni.