Makonzedwe mwatsatanetsatane Zizindikiro: Gawo

pokhapo titachitapo mwatsatanetsatane Zizindikiro chiyani? Zomwe n'zofunika? M'nkhaniyi tiona iyankha mafunso amenewa ndi enanso ambiri. Mwatsatanetsatane kuitana zizindikiro makonzedwe zithunzi, ntchito pofotokoza mapu nkhondo, ndi chakudya cha ziwembu, zochita ndiponso zolinga za asilikali ndipo mdani, kuwayika nyumba kumbuyo, zida zankhondo, mizere kulankhulana, timitengo, zopinga, ndege, panali ndi mabungwe ena.

dongosolo

Amadziwika kuti zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane limagaŵidwa. Lero, bungwe la battalions kumenyana ndi powatsogolera pa nkhondo, mkulu ntchito mwakhama popanda pansi.

Khadi ndi Nkhondo (ntchito) atakhala ntchito bwana (mtsogoleri) pa lamulo ndi ulamuliro, umatchedwa khadi ntchito. Ndi mmodzi wa zikalata zofunika asilikali, imene ankhondo ndi kumenyana.

Lililonse mkulu ayenera kukhala okonzeka kugwira ntchito pa tchati, chifukwa ndiye vuto zingathe kuthetsedwa mwamsanga. Bwino anapanga mapu ntchito facilitates ntchito ya usilikali mu vuto nkhondo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, chikalata akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali.

zizindikiro relativity

Zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane ayenera kudziwa chilichonse mtsogoleri. The vuto, kubwezera mapu ntchito, ndi mndandanda wa zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi chidule.

Ndi zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane anasonyeza makhalidwe amenewa ndi ofunika pa kayendetsedwe ka asilikali, monga iwo kubereka zenizeni cholinga, kuti ndi kuphana zinthu. Ndi iwo, inu mukhoza kuona chikhalidwe cha zochita, kukhoma battalions (areal kukula), ndalama komanso khama, cholinga cha Papayu ndi njira kukwaniritsa iwo.

Choncho, pamene ntchito khadi, iwo uyenera kukumbukira kuti aliyense chizindikiro makonzedwe pagona munthu kumenyana magalimoto a asilikali ndi mdani.

Language asilikali

Zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane ndi mtundu wa chinenero asilikali, malangizo institutionalized ndi milozo kumunda. Choncho ndikofunikira kuti mosamalitsa kusunga wapadera chidziwitso chawo, momveka ntchito. A dongosolo wamba amene atchulidwa nthawi zonse ikusintha ndiponso kusintha. Ichi ndi chinthu chachibadwa kugwirizana ndi zamoyo wa luso asilikali ndi njira mayunitsi nkhondo ndi mayunitsi a mitundu yonse ya ndege.

Zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane kukhale kwapafupi ndi mwachilengedwe. Iwo ayenera kupereka luso logwiritsa ntchito njira luso mofulumira ntchito zinthu pa mapu. Komanso iwo sayenera okhutira osiyana, iwo sangakhoze kutanthauziridwa mu njira zambiri.

Sonyezani zosonyeza

Kodi ntchito ya usilikali Zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane pa mapu? Liniya ndi theka-chatsekedwa khalidwe (udindo wa asilikali, kumalire udindo madambwe onyenga amene malire zolinga zosiyana, etc.) jambulani pa dongosolo kukopedwa onga. Chifukwa cha zimenezi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ochiritsira zilembo zikuluzikulu.

otchulidwa lopotana nthawi zonse mawonekedwe zojambula (akasinja osiyana), komanso ena a Convention ndi zizindikiro constituent wopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe ndi mizere (aya, posts lamulo, ena nyumba zomangamanga ndi maofesi, launchers, ndi zina zotero), ndi mipherezero mfundo amatchedwa mwa sikelo amene waika pa mapu popanda kutsatira makulidwe.

Mipherezero Point chizindikiro chithunzi zizindikiro zofanana chagwiritsidwa kuti mzinda wa chizindikiro anaikidwa pa nkhani malo pa gawo. Ndondomeko za chinthu ndi malangizo zolinga ndi lathu map ayenera kupatsidwa pa chizindikiro pakati.

Positi lamulo limachokera mu njira yakuti molunjika ofukula mzere anakafika ku mbali imodzi ya kasinthidwe zojambula, zimadalira pa kutha m'munsi mpaka m'dera limene anaika kp. Mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiro "mbuu" awoneka mofanana - imathandiza panjira ya gulu la asilikali kusonyeza mtunda kuchokera pa mzere poyambira.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zoyenda kapena pakutchulidwa a kumadzulo (kapena kutsogolo chitetezo, kumadzulo) chizindikiro kp adzakhala unali lamanja la mzere umodzi osonyeza Kusinthaku ake, ndi mosemphanitsa.

zinthu ntchito

Kayendesedwe pa chithunzi mapu kapena zimene zimaonetsa kulembamo zinthu zenizeni kapena mwatsatanetsatane amatchulidwa kuti "kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu" ndi zovuta mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro ochiritsira - ". Zinthu mwatsatanetsatane"

Full ntchito zinthu za mdani amaoneka ngati izi:

• oyenda, akasinja, Moto oyenda, zida zankhondo mayunitsi mwatsatanetsatane ndi kukwera zipangizo platoon;
• mayikidwe a zida zoopsa ndi zokhudza Launcher pa chombo, zipangizo munthu;
• cheza zinthu mu Volume, muyenera kuchita.

Ntchito vuto la asilikali ake:

• zolinga anapereka wamkulu wa akulu;
• malo battalions ndi mfundo m'njira ziwiri pansi pa chawo (Mwachitsanzo, mkulu wa Regiment Akuyandikira makampani anthu ndiponso battalions).

Pakuti ndondomeko ya zinthu ntchito mitundu awa:

• zofunika - buluu, ofiira ndi wakuda;
• thandizo - wobiriwira, wabulauni, wachikasu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ndi mithunzi ya mitundu maziko kapena zina si analola.

Compliance ndi malamulo

Zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane Asilikali onyamula zida chidwi anthu ambiri. Kuti luso akuchita khadi ntchito, muyenera kusunga mawu achidule, zizindikiro. Iwo ntchito imathandizira pa ntchito zinthu pa dongosolo ndi chilengedwe cha zikalata nkhondo.

Nkofunika kudziwa mabala awa ndi bwino ntchito, monga kawirikawiri molondola olembedwa kalata wachibadidwe amasintha tanthauzo la tagging ndipo akhoza kusokoneza deta. Mwachitsanzo, mu briefing ndi anapereka achidule mp - kampani thanki ndi TP - mwatsatanetsatane chida.

Ngati ntchito yophika wakumangilira, ndipo udzatha zizindikiro zambiri, phindu ayenera anafotokoza mu masamba kapena nthano kwa iye.

zizindikiro mtunda

RF zizindikiro Tactical ayenera kudziwa chilichonse serviceman. Mwa kuphunzira malo pa mapu, chingaoneke ngati synchronous m'njira ziwiri:

1. Taganizirani mbali ndi maonekedwe a padziko Lapansi chikukoka mizere yake.
2. Tikupeza kuli ndi chikhalidwe cha unplaced chigawo ake.

zinthu izi lili njira ochiritsira zizindikiro topographic. zinthu zonse m'dera za pa mapu, anawagawa m'magulu awa zofunika, omwe ali dongosolo yakeyake zolemba wachibale:

• midzi;
• nthaka ndi zomera;
• hydrography;
• m'dera osiyana Buku chinthu;
• yamakolo, mafakitale ndi nyumba;
• misewu;
• mipanda kayendetsedwe ndi malire.

Relativity zizindikiro anatengera kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa gawo, ndi kutchulidwa tebulo wapadera zikusonyeza. Iwo kuvomerezedwa kwa mabungwe onse ndi mautumiki la Russia lili mapu topographic. Kusukulu homogeneous monga (mwachitsanzo, kwa misewu, milatho midzi) anakhazikitsa chizindikiro wamba amene amasonyeza nkhani ya mtundu.

Ngati gulu la zinthu ozungulira ali Mabaibulo angapo generic, ndiye kuti awawonetse chizindikiro zofunika pang'ono wodzilemekeza kapena kusinthidwa.

Mitundu ya chizindikiro wachibale

Zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane pa kopita kwawo ndi katundu wa Russian asilikali anawagawa mitundu zotsatirazi:

• lonse;
• ofotokozera;
• scaleless.

zizindikiro lonse

Kotero, inu kale mukudziwa chimene mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro gulu. Mizere (lonse) zizindikiro makonzedwe ntchito awonetse maofesi m'deralo, miyeso ya sipangakhalenso anatsimikiza ndi mapu. Mwachitsanzo, malo dambo, Pamudzi, nkhalango.

Aliyense relyativny lonse chizindikiro wapangidwa ndi dera la - m'dera malire a chinthu, likachitapo yunifolomu ake zizindikiro chitsanzo chake, maina otchulidwa kudzaza.

ndi contours onse pa mapu kukopedwa molondola onga pokhalabe kufanana awo ndi lathu lenileni la silhouette lenileni pa gawo. Mfundozo mzere lili ngati si chomwecho ndi mizere ena m'dera (misewu, ngalande, mipanda) kuti akukopeka ndi anthu ena.

zizindikiro lonse

ndi lofunika Zizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane zimene, ife kale anapeza. Ndipo kodi scaleless zizindikiro makonzedwe? Izi zinasonyeza koyenera kuti delineation zinthu m'dera yaing'ono incarnating mu lonse mapu, magulu osiyana, zitsime, nyumba ndi zina zotero. Pamene akusewera nkhani zoterozo mu lonse akanakhala mfundo pa mapu.

Relativity vnemasshtabny chizindikiro zikuphatikizapo ili kukhala akutsogolera kuwalozera molondola udindo wa chinthu ndi mfundo zake chithunzi zomwenso ake.

Izi mfundo yaikulu pali:

• chikhalidwe ndi ngodya mpaka pansi - mu ngodya pamwamba;
• Zolemba ndi mitundu symmetrical (a asterisk, lalikulu, bwalo, rectangle) - pa likulu la chitsanzo;
• mu zophiphiritsa mu mawonekedwe a chithunzi ndi maziko yotakata - pakati pa tsinde la;
• zilembo amene osakaniza zithunzi zingapo - pakati pansi pa chithunzichi.

Mfundo yaikulu ndi pa miyeso chenicheni cha kutalika kwa mapu pakati pa zinthu ndi kukulitsa anachokera.

mapu muyeso

Ndi relativity kulemba ndi zizindikiro misewu, mitsinje ndi zina zinthu liniya, amene yekha kutalika chimaoneka pa mlingo waukulu (m'lifupi sangakhoze anayeza pa mapu). malo enieni pa chikalatacho anaganiza pakati (kotenga olamulira) chizindikiro. M'pofunika kumbukirani kuti m'deralo, zinthu zazing'ono (freestanding zinthu, mitengo, zitsime, etc.) akuchotsedwa zosonyeza lonse, ndi ochulukirapo (mitsinje, midzi, etc.) - malingana osiyanasiyana tchati mwa lonse ndi khalidwe ndondomeko.

Zolemba Scaleless akhoza mwachindunji kukula kwa chinthu kapena malo wotanganidwa ndi iwo, kotero ndi kosatheka Mwachitsanzo, kuyeza m'lifupi mlatho pa mapu.

zizindikiro dongosolo

Relativity zizindikiro ofotokozera ntchito kusonyeza mitundu ya nkhani ndi makhalidwe awo anatithandiza. Mwachitsanzo, muvi zikusonyeza malangizo otaya mtsinje, Fano deciduous kapena nkhalango nkhuni coniferous mkati mizere - pali mitengo lalikulu ndi zina zotero.

Kulemba galimoto asilikali

Mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiro ukadaulo n'chofunikira zofunika kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa awo magalimoto a asilikali ndi kuzindikira awo a pachikhalidwe, gawo iwo amakhala ndi manambala makonzedwe ndi zizindikiro chizindikiritso.

Mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiro cha (pawiri) - ndi geometrical chithunzi lili mawonekedwe a lalikulu, bwalo, rectangle, makona, rhombus ndi zina zotero. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zizindikiro zimenezi zochuluka. Chotero lerolino, analoledwa ntchito mwa mizere wawo osiyana mayendedwe, makalata, manambala, zithunzi za mitengo ndi masamba. Nthawi zina gawo limodzi chizindikiro chabe kujambula pa. Zizindikiro koteroko (pawiri) amapatsidwa bwana achikulire ndipo anasintha nthawi.

manambala Reference ndi atatu manambala chiwerengero. Kwa nthawi zina aliyense mkulu wa unit asilikali allocates angapo zipinda zana. Mwachitsanzo, 200-288 kapena 700-555. Mkulu wa unit asilikali amapereka dongosolo la manambala a magalimoto nkhondo. Choncho analola kubwereza kwa manambala chimodzimodzi njira zosiyanasiyana.

Zosonyeza pa njira

Mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiritso chizindikiro limachokera pa lamanzere ndi lamanja mbali ya makina (mbali ya nsanja) kutsogolo kwa zipinda ubale. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mabacteria lotseguka mbali (nsanja) amaloledwa kuchiika nthawi ya nkhondo makina zoyenda pamaso pa nambala makonzedwe.

Zolemba ichi chagwiritsidwa ndi utoto woyera m'chilimwe ndi yozizira kapena nthawi ntchito m'chipululu, pamene zida za nkhondo ali masking mitundu - wakuda (wofiira).

manambalawo akukopeka wabwino zipinda msinkhu wa masentimita 20-40, malingana ndi makhalidwe kapangidwe ka zida za nkhondo. m'lifupi awo ndi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili kutalika. Magawo mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiro ayenera kukhala osachepera atatu alionse awiri kutalika kwa manambala ubale manambala, koma osati kwambiri a iwo. The makulidwe a mizere ya zizindikiro ndi wofanana ndi chimodzi-chimodzi wa msinkhu wawo.

mchitidwe

Kumadera kumene padali kugawanikana weniweni, ndi kumene maphunziro kokoka, mwatsatanetsatane yoikidwiratu SENSOR kudziwika zizindikiro, zimene, malinga ndi hayala ndi zojambula chithunzi. Aliyense magawano anaika chizindikiro chinachake, mkati mwa amene adayikidwa kanjedza makalata, madontho, Boma, mizere zikusonyeza osiyana magawano battalion, Regiment.

Ngakhale malamulo musawaletse mkati wotchulidwa kudzatunga masamba, komabe zimenezi sizinkachitika. Izi zithunzi pambuyo zolimbitsa thupi ndi anakhalabe pa njira ya anatembenukira asilikali a kulemba ndi okhazikika. ali ndi zaka zingapo nthawi zambiri anali ndi kuphunzitsa chiphunzitso.

Hayala unkayenera kuimira chiwerengero mbali zonse za munsanja (mbali ziwiri) ndipo kumbuyo kwa ziwalo (kumbuyo kwa galimoto). Koma koposa zonse izo okhawo otchedwa "zipolopolo pamaso pa galimoto", omwe ntchito maphunziro a firings maphunziro. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mutu wa Papayu popanda manambala ngati n'zovuta kudziwa lamulo nsanja, pamene ena makina.

Koma pa nkhondo Afghanstan ndi zida anali kuchotsa osati zizindikiro molimba Alonda Mphamvu Special, komanso zizindikiro mwachizolowezi. The Chechen nkhondo, ngakhale ndege ndi Helicopters utoto pa manambala. Akuda mawanga chowala unmask njira zingatithandize kudziwa mdani, kufunafuna ndi kuganizira moto pa izo.