Makulidwe a landings: GOST, mbali ndi mitundu

Makwerero ndi mtundu waukulu wa mgwirizano pakati pa mizereyi ili magulu. Onse zipangizo zina (ndiziwunda, zikepe) amaonedwa kukhala wapadera gululi zikutanthauza.

Ntchito masitepe ndi kuonetsetsa kuti gulu la anthu. Ndi chitsimikizo cha otetezedwa ndi chitonthozo. Choncho, m'kati akuika dongosolo cha wina mbuye motsogozedwa ndi zofunika ndi mfundo akhazikitsidwa mu mlendo wapadera ndi SNiPY.

Zochitika za nyumba makwerero

Ngakhale nambala yaikulu mitundu ndi mitundu masitepe tichipeza zigawo zingapo chachikulu:

• Masitepe (chikhato). Chotero anaitana okonda dongosolo kuti zikugwirizana ndi awiri yapafupi pansi. Pali malire, chimene mu nthawi imodzi sayenera madigiri oposa 12. Pamene nambala iyi osachepera ndi masitepe atatu.
• Area - chinthu horizontally wabwino wofunikila makwerero a zofalitsa zingapo.
• Kuchinga - ichi kuvomerezedwa kapangidwe chigawo tichipeza banisters ndi handrails. Izo aikidwa pamodzi imodzi kapena mbali zonse za makwerero. Mtundu, msinkhu ndi malo mipanda kutchulidwa miyezo ya malo.

ankafika Kodi ndi cholinga chake?

Landings, omwe miyeso komanso ndi malamulo malamulo akuimira mpata pakati akulowera awiri. Kumangidwa kwa ankafika n'kofunika, ngati kutalika kwa mzere wa March kuposa malire amaloledwa kapena anakonza yomanga akulowera awiri pa ngodya kwa wina ndi mzake.

Udindo wa ankafika ndi kuti amakhala ngati "polumikizira mfundo", mchitidwe wapakatikati, imene anthu kuwuka mukhoza mpumulo. Ndipotu, chigawo makwerero ntchito ndi pawiri organic flights awiri masitepe.

Pa masitepe zosiyanasiyana (molunjika, makina, yokhota kumapeto) m'dera aliyense 10 - 14 madigiri. Pankhani ya mapulani kumanga kwa malo, ndi imeneyi kungakhale 15 - 20 masitepe.

Makulidwe a landings

Monga magawo ena ambiri, m'lifupi, kuya ndi ndegeyo chuma pansi lamulo. Maziko a chitukuko cha malamulo onsewa ndi nkhawa chifukwa chitetezo ndi chilimbikitso cha anthu ntchito kapangidwe.

• Kwa mtundu uliwonse, pali makwerero lolingana pamakoma pakhomo. miyeso awo mopitirira zochokera m'lifupi avareji sitepe anthu.
• Mfundo akusonyeza kuti m'lifupi sangathe kukhala magawo yaitali. Zikafika poipa, monga kukula kwa ntchito payekha, Kochepa m'lifupi PAD ayenera kukhala 640 mm.
• Kulowa awiri kufanana anakafika ndege, m'lifupi staircase ayenera kukhala osachepera 130 mm. Izi salisiyanitsa pafupifupi awiri masitepe anthu wamba.
• miyeso ina pamakoma pakhomo (kuya kutalika) masamu ndi mitunduyi kapena correlate ndi m'lifupi kuguba.

The chizindikiro mtengo kuya monga ambiri kuchuluka ndipo m'lifupi mwa kuyenda kwa phazi limodzi:

• Kuya osachepera = sitepe m'lifupi + kutalika kwa phazi limodzi

Kumangira ankafika pa ntchito yomanga mzere wa March kutsatira mfundo za mawerengedwe. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuwonjezera akuya nyumba zazikulu, ilo liyenera kukhala angapo a akuya osachepera.

Features nsanja masitepe zozungulira kapena nyumba ndi masitepe sanali muyezo

Nthawi zambiri pomanga nyumba kapena Mipikisano mlingo payekha nyumba ayamba kumanga wokongola kwambiri (koma nthawi zina yabwino) helical kapena mwauzimu masitepe.

Tikumbukenso kuti zomangamanga amenewa ali osavomerezeka monga mfundo zazikulu kukwera pa iwo si kosavuta monga masitepe ndi akulowera molunjika.

Makulidwe a masitepe ndi nsanja helical ndi mwauzimu nyumba zagonjetsedwa kwa amazilamulira okhwima kwambiri.

Nthawi kumene anayenda makwerero pa makona a madigiri 135 mpaka 180, ndi mapadi wapakatikati kukula ndi zochepa kusiyana 640 mm.

Komabe, kugwilizana ndi kukula izi mukufuna, ngati malo ngati kunyezimira ogaŵikana amachepetsa awiri, kapena nkhani ya kumanga nsanja ziwiri mlingo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kusiyana kutalika pakati pa milingo awiri nsanja ayenera kukhala wolingana sitepe kutalika.

Anati osachepera gawo pachipata (640 mm) zogwirizana zozungulira ndipo masitepe mwauzimu ndi njira ya "tsekwe phazi".

Masitepe monga njira achoke

Zonse yomanga stairways mu nyumba kumene nthawi zambiri ambiri anthu, GOST ndi SNIP muli malangizo makamaka kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kukula kwa landings ndi chifukwa osati zofuna za mapulogalamu ndi mlengi wapeza, koma nkhawa Choyamba kwa achoke bwino ndi wotetezeka ngati moto kapena ngozi zina.

Zofunikira ambiri:

• Compliance ndi makulidwe (m'lifupi ndi kuya) Intaneti.
• Pakalibe zinthu zosafunika ziwembu pa masitepe ndi kuchuluka zadymlyaemosti chiopsezo.
• Kupanga akunja achoke masitepe zipangizo noncombustible.
• Compliance ndi chiwalitsiro okwanira masitepe ndi ntchito zachilengedwe ndi yokumba magwero kuwala (chosinthika zenera kukula pa landings ndi mtundu wawo ntchito).

Kodi kukhala stairways ndi nsanja pamakwerero pangozi?

Pokonzekera achoke ndi opulumutsa zinthu kukhala zofunika pomanga nyumba mkulu-nyamuka kapena nyumba pagulu.

Lamulo zimakhudza overflights ndi landings. Makulidwe (Standard n'chakuti magawo moyo) kwa zinthu izi, komanso kutalika kwa makonde, amene ali pafupi ndi nyumba izi, adzakhala sasiya mwakale.

Choncho, ulendo m'lifupi kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito achoke ali osati kale chitseko kutsegula kumtunda izo. Makulidwe stairwells ndi akulowera:

• Pakuti nyumba kalasi F 1.1 (chitetezo moto makhalidwe kwa nyumba Mipikisano storey, imene chipinda zakonzedwa kapena kukhala zosakhalitsa ambiri anthu) kukula 1350 mm.
• Ngati mbewu ya nyumba (kupatula woyamba) Kodi imodzi anthu oposa 200, makwerero ayenera kukhala osachepera 1200 mm.
• Ngati kumene makwerero amapita kumalo a munthu, kungakhale m'lifupi 700 mm.
• Nthawi zina chithunzi ayenera kufunika avareji mamilimita 900.

kuchita masitepe chiyani?

Kupanga masitepe ndi zinthu zawo zofunika (akulowera, balusters, kuchinga, nsanja) kupsa ambiri zipangizo:

• Tree.
• Zitsulo.
• Galasi.
• Stone.

Komabe oyenera kulongosola osiyana makwerero, anapanga konkire. Childs, chuma ntchito yomanga nyumba mkulu-nyamuka ndi nyumba za anthu ntchito. Pakuti m'nyumba zambiri kusankha matabwa, zitsulo kapena osakaniza zipangizo zingapo (chitsulo galasi, ndi mwala nkhuni).

Konkire - zakuthupi mosalekeza

masitepe Konkire ndi nsanja pakati pa iwo nthawi zambiri anapanga ku zinthu zoduliratu. zomangamanga amenewa zigwirizana kalasi nkhani mkulu (osachepera B15) ndi okonzeka ndi chimango zitsulo.

Chinkhoswe kupanga konkire mafakitale mankhwala ndi mabizinezi amene zochitika malamulo okhwima okhudza, kotero mapulogalamu alibe nkhawa zoletsedwa ndi malamulo a kupanga. Komabe, koma mbuye omanga Choyenereza zimadalira msonkhano lolondola ndi kutseka nyumba.

Konkire slabs masitepe (miyeso amasankhidwa zochokera kukula kwa ntchito yomanga ndi akulowera m'lifupi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yomanga njerwa ndi nyumba konkire, komanso milandu ntchito njira pamodzi.

durability awo, chomasuka ntchito ndi mwayi waukulu zokongoletsa kwambiri imathandizira ndi atsogolere ndondomeko yomanga.

Stairwells analimbitsa simenti (kukula sikumangotikhudza ntchito) akulimbikitsidwa yokonza masitepe mkati ndi kunja. Komabe, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti mankhwala konkire adzatha kusunga katundu wawo, pakalibe zinthu aukali zachilengedwe. The pazipita kololeka kutentha ayenera kukhala pansipa madigiri -40.

zokongoletsa stairwells

Latha staircase anapanga konkire, anaika mkati danga moyo, cased ndi matabwa pomangira, utoto kapena kuikidwa pa pamphasa zawo.

makwerero wabwino ndi wautali Ng'ona ndi ceramic matailosi, laminate kapena floorboard.

Ntchito matabwa kapena zitsulo monga mfundo makwerero amafuna mokakamizidwa kupenta nyumba ya chotsirizidwa. Potengera makhalidwe a zinthu anasankha lakokrasyaschie njira zofunika:

• Wamba utoto chifukwa zitsulo.
• Emulsions ndi zomatira nkhuni.
• utoto Special kwa mitundu ya mitengo ziwalo.

A njira kukongoletsa ndi kusintha chitetezo cha ndege masitepe ndi nsanja kukhala malawi backlight. Nthawi zambiri akanasankhidwa LEDs cholinga (nyale osakwatira kapena tepi). Iwo atathana pamodzi chipongwe padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa malo, kapena pansi pa masitepe.