Muyezo kutalika makwerero

M'madera wakunja kwatawuni lero pofuna kupulumutsa nyumba makamaka kunyumba apansi awiri kapena atatu. Mulimonsemo, pali chapamwamba pafupifupi payekha nyumba zogona. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi chinthu kuvomerezedwa m'nyumba dziko ndi masitepe. Pamene kupanga dongosolo ziyenera kumatanthauza kuphatikizapo ndi magawo monga sitepe kutalika. Muyeneranso kuwerengera kachigawo Boom wa kuguba, kutalika ndi zina zizindikiro zina. Pangani ntchito makwerero, onetsetsani kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za SNIP ndi GOST.

ndi masitepe Kodi

zochotsa nyumba ya mitundu iwiri zambiri anaika m'nyumba dziko - boosters kapena ochiritsira wononga. Yoyamba angakhalenso rotatable. Mitundu ya masiteji, choncho palinso awiri - losavuta lalikulu (kapena theka-zozungulira) ndi trapezoidal.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti chirichonse masitepe makina nsanja m'nyumba si mipata yokwanira. Mu nkhani iyi, m'malo masitepe zabezhnymi. Ndipotu, makwerero oterewa ndi sustainers kusintha kwa wina ndi wononga kwambiri. akuluakulu a mitundu onse ntchito yomanga awo - ndi trapezoidal, ndi anayi.

miyeso muyezo

Mfundo GOST ndi SNiP anatsimikiza makamaka ndi m'lifupi ndi msinkhu wa siteji konkire masitepe m'tawuni Mipikisano storey nyumba. Mbali yoyamba ya mfundo akhale 30 cm. Chizindikiro Ichi ndi kutalika makwerero, GOST n'kukulemberani anatsimikiza m'nkhani zolinga ngodya ya kuguba. Choncho, chithunzi ichi mwayi makwerero ndi ambiri za 125-145 mm. Pa chapansi steeper ndi chapamwamba zomangamanga zochotsa kutalika akhale 143 kapena 168 mm. M'lifupi masitepe a makwerero ngati analola kuti kuchepa kwa 26 cm.

Mu nyumba payekha muyezo izi molondola adzasunga, ndithudi, optional. Pakuti nyumba ngati m'lifupi yeniyeni ndi kutalika kwa makwerero GOST si kuchimvetsa. Pali yekha osiyanasiyana ena amatsogoza, kupitirira umene osavomerezeka. Samalani pamene angagwiritse masitepe a nyumba wakunja kwatawuni makamaka makhalidwe a dongosolo malo.

masiteji kapangidwe

Akukwera pamasitepe akhoza wotetezedwa pa chingwe kapena stringers. Ndipo kwenikweni, ndipo mu mulandu wina ali wangwiro ndi cholimba akulowera. Amapanga, masitepe zigwirizana zinthu ziwiri zazikulu:

• ndikutsogolera (gawo yopingasa);
• riser (gawo ofukula).

M'lifupi makwerero March, malinga ndi malamulo, ayenera kukhala osachepera 0.9 m. Koma zambiri m'nyumba anasonkhana zomangamanga ndi mtunda kuchokera njanji khoma pa za 1.2-1.5 m. The utali, ndi kukwera wa miyendo sitepe mu zosatheka modalirana. Pamene kuwerengetsa zochotsa magawo ali n'komwe zinthu zina.

A yomanga miyendo riser ndi zina si kuyatsa. Izi amapulumutsa nkhani. Komabe, popanda zinthu ngati akulowera kuyang'ana zochepa olimba ndi otetezeka poyerekeza ndi akhungu ochiritsira.

miyezo

Pamene angagwiritse kufunika kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa operekedwa ndi SNP akuyandama :

• kuyenda m'lifupi ayenera kukhala osachepera 20 cm;
• siteji chapamwamba mwina overhang pansi ndi osapitirira 5 cm;
• kutalika kwa miyendo sayenera singathe wa 14-21 cm.

Wononga dongosolo kamangidwe, podziwa kuti:

• gawo narrowest njira sayenera zosakwana 10 cm;
• kachigawo trapezoidal sitepe mbali ina ayenera kukhala oposa 40 cm;
• pamodzi ndi olamulira chapakati kupondaponda ayenera m'lifupi masentimita osachepera 20.

mawerengedwe chilinganizo

Kuwerengetsa m'lifupi chofunika (A) ndi sitepe kutalika (S) wa chilinganizo makwerero 2S + A = 590 ... 650 mm. manambala osiyanasiyana monga 590 600 mm - kutalika ndi sitepe pafupifupi anthu. Motero, malingana ndi mawonekedwe a nyumba, udzadutsemo magawo monga kutalika kwa bwalolo. Kenako kuwerengera chiwerengero Napempha kwa chimakweza, ndi m'lifupi ndi mbali mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndingaliro ya kuguba.

Mwachitsanzo mawerengedwe

Tiyerekeze mtunda kuchokera pansi denga mu chipinda ndi 275 masentimita Pamene anakhumba sitepe kutalika - .. masentimita 17 mu nkhani iyi ndi wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha chimakweza 275/17 - 1 = 16.18 - 15.18 = 1. Anamaliza ndi nambala yapafupi lonse, timapeza madigiri 15. Ife tikupeza leni Nyamulani kutalika 275/16 = 17.2 cm.

Tsopano ife tikhoza chimatanthauza m'lifupi siteji. A = 63 cm -. 2 * 17.2 masentimita = 28,6 masentimita, anagwidwa ndi masentimita 29 Kenako tifunika kumasulila ndi ziyerekezo kumtunda pansi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, m'lifupi masitepe limangolembedwa kuchulukitsa ndi chiwerengero chawo. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti gawo loyamba ayenera spaced ku khoma 15 29 = 435 cm. Kudziwa ukhale ndi ziyerekezo zingadziŵike woyamba tangent tgA = 275/435 = 0,6321, ndiyeno iye ingapendame ngodya A = madigiri 32 m'chitsanzo Mph 18. Si kupitirira magawo zovomerezeka.

Kodi ofunika podziwa

Nthawi zambiri, masitepe a kamangidwe nyumba asanayambe kugwira opareshoni, monganso kutsirizitsa komaliza pansi. Mu nkhani iyi, chizindikiro kutalika ayenera zidzawonjezedwa kwa makulidwe chophimba cha tsogolo pansi ndi kutchinjiriza (ngati anapereka). masiteji onse kuguba ayenera kutalika chomwecho. Apo ayi, sunthani makwerero adzakhala wovuta kwambiri ndi woopsa.

Kuwonjezera kanjedza osachepera ndi pazipita, palinso kutalika akadakwanitsira a mzera sitepe. chizindikiro ichi ndi wofanana ndi masentimita 17 m'lifupi mwake momwe akadakwanitsira zaphindu. miyendo mchitidwe - 28 cm.

Kutalika kwa mapazi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofalitsa

KUFOTOKOZERA magawo a Nyamulani ndi miyendo, muyenera kuganizira chinthu china chofunika kwambiri. Kutalika ndipo m'lifupi masitepe amadalira kuphatikizapo nkhani akanasankhidwa kupanga ulendo. Zilibe ntchito ulamuliro makamaka yekha konkire ndi zitsulo masitepe.

Muyezo m'lifupi matabwa odulidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi 150, 175 kapena 200 mm. Choncho, sitepe kutalika Pankhaniyi adzakhala wofanana ndi munthu wa makhalidwe awa (opanda kakakulu matabwa). Njira ina ndi kusankha pa nkhani iyi ndi kosathandiza. Mukatero kuchita kwambiri ntchito yolemetsa kuchepetsa m'lifupi matabwa.

N'chimodzimodzinso zochotsa njerwa masitepe. Siteji ya zomangamanga yabwino kwambiri kusonkhanitsa mizere iwiri. Mu njerwa ichi poyamba anaika pa bedi. Mu mzere wachiwiri iwo anayikidwa pa machira ndi. Kutalika kwa njerwa muyezo ndi 65 mamilimita Mulifupi - 120 mm. Chifukwa ndi kuwuka mu 65 + 120 + 10 = 195 mm (5 mm - pa matabwa a).

makwerero ofukula

machenjerero oterewa ndi osowa, koma ntchito m'nyumba. Kawirikawiri kapena masitepe chapamwamba, kapena kutsogolera ku m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Uthunthu kololeka kwa malo pakati withs mu nkhani iyi ndi 0.45-0.80 mamita Kutalika kwa masitepe (sitepe therebetween), chotero ayenera kukhala osachepera 0,30 mamita ndi 0,34 mamita kuposa kutalika kwa pazipita ofukula makwerero addl - .. mamita 5.

Kakonzedwe kotero ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi chipangizo kukuletsa monyang'ama pa ndi kusuntha. About zofuna yomweyo anayamba makwerero lapansi.

Kodi mfundo zina kulibe

Kumene, zizindikiro nyumba kudziwa mmene ambiri sitepe kutalika ndipo m'lifupi ayenera kukhala masentimita. Pamene angagwiritse masitepe onetsetsani kuti kuganizira malamulo ena:

• chipongwe kutalika ayenera kukhala osachepera 90 masentimita;
• mtunda wa pakati balusters sangachite masentimita oposa 15;
• The osachepera makulidwe matabwa ndikutsogolera - 2.5-3 cm.

Pamene kupanga makina masitepe m'nyumba, mwa zina, ayenera kulabadira zizindikiro monga malo malo okwezeka pamwamba pansi. Malinga ndi malamulo, chizindikiro ichi sayenera zosakwana 1,9 m, koma bwino kukhala m'dera pakati akulowera apamwamba -. 2.5 mamita kuchokera pansi. Apo ayi, kudutsa pansi ndi makwerero, anthu amakonda kuwonjezera amangokhala kugunda.

Mu zomangamanga matabwa zinthu zonse kukweza ayenera kumumanga ndi akapichi. Pamene ntchito kudziletsa pogogoda zomangira makwerero mofulumira kwambiri chilolezo kapena chowiringula. Chinthu choyamba amaloledwa kuchita pamwamba pang'ono pa mpumulo. Mu March akhale osapitirira 18 chimakweza. Komabe, makwerero yaitali wolakalakika swivel. Choncho pa chilichonse ulendo kungakhale digiri 9 (kapena Mwachitsanzo, 5 ndi 13). Kuya kwa pamwamba pa makwerero zikubweretsa m'lifupi kumatanthauza ya khomo chipinda. The chizindikiro choyamba chofunika kuti akuluakulu kuposa wachiwiri.