Ng'ombe mkaka: zikuchokera ndi katundu. The zikuchokera mkaka wa ng'ombe - tebulo

mankhwala amadziwika kuti aliyense wokhala pa dziko lathuli. Pachikhalidwe, mkaka ntchito ana chakudya ndi akulu. Asayansi mantha ife mfundo za ngozi ake, koma mafani mankhwala sanakhaliretu zochepa.

Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mkaka - zikuchokera wapadera ndi katundu wa mankhwala achilengedwe. Komanso, zopangira kwa kupanga nambala yaikulu mankhwala chakudya chimene timadya ndi zosangalatsa ndi thanzi phindu lalikulu. Tiyeni m'nkhani ino, tione mkaka wa ng'ombe, ndi zikuchokera katundu opindulitsa.

Mkaka - mpaka madzi 90%?

Kwa ambiri, mfundo imeneyi ndi zodabwitsa, koma mkaka kwenikweni ndi 87,5% tichipeza madzi. Onse zina zodabwitsa ndi zothandiza zigawo zikuluzikulu wambiri 12,5% ya nkhani youma. Izi anatsimikiza ndi muyezo nyemba kuyanika mkaka kulemera zonse pa kutentha 105? C. Monga Chifukwa ndondomeko madzi kwathunthu chamunthuyo ndi okhawo zolimba.

Koma kugwirizana kwa mkaka madzi si chifukwa wambirimbiri madzi, ndi chakuti zinthu zonse ndi mankhwala ndi kusungunuka.

Mkaka amadziwikanso yodziwika ndi SOMO (nonfat youma mkaka zolimba). Khalidwe limeneli analandira ngati mkaka kuchotsa madzi onse ndi mafuta. chizindikiro ichi atakhala osachepera 9% ndipo zimasonyeza khalidwe la mankhwala achilengedwe. mkaka wa ng'ombe, zikuchokera omwe zatha ndi dilution ndi madzi, adzakupatsani SOMO chithunzi muyezo m'munsi.

Kodi mkaka mafuta ndi zothandiza?

Mlingo wa mkaka mafuta zili mu mkaka wa ng'ombe mu avareji 3.5%. mlingo Izi mosamalitsa olamulidwa ndi alimi ndi zipangizo m'mafakitale anasankha munthuyo. khalidwe amakhudza khalidwe la mankhwala: wowawasa kirimu, kirimu kanyumba tchizi.

The zikuchokera mafuta mkaka limapangidwa 20 mafuta zidulo. Iwo amakhala ndi otsika limatsogolera kutentha chizindikiro (25-30˚S) ndi solidification (17-28˚S). The peculiarity wa mafuta ichi - wake wamng'ono dongosolo teardrop woboola mu mkaka. Izi zimapangitsa ake mkulu kuchuluka (pafupifupi 95%) chimbudzi ndi thupi la munthu.

Chifukwa kulemera zochepa, mkaka mafuta limatuluka pamwamba kupanga wosanjikiza a kirimu. mankhwala wapatali amakondedwa ndi anthu ambiri ndipo lili zambiri zothandiza mafuta-sungunuka mavitamini: D, A, K ndipo E. Choncho, kumwa mkaka ndi masoka mlingo mafuta kumalimbitsa thupi la zinthu biologically yogwira ndi zotsatira opindulitsa pa thanzi la munthu.

Kodi wapadera za mapuloteni mkaka?

mkaka wa ng'ombe, zomwe zikuchokera limapangidwa mapuloteni mu kuchuluka kwa 3.2%, imatengedwa lofunika zakudya mankhwala. chithunzi Izi mosamalitsa kuyang'aniridwa ndi alimi, malonda ndi malonda zogwirizana.

Mkaka mapuloteni bwino anaphatikizana ndi thupi la munthu - oposa 95%. Mbali wake - okhutira zidulo zofunika kwa amino, kupanda imbaenda kusokonezeka kwa njira kagayidwe kachakudya. Zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Methionine - kuphana mafuta, kuteteza alibe chiwindi.
• Tryptophan - likuyamba mfundo kaphatikizidwe wa serotonin ndi niacin. akusowa ake kungachititse kuti maganizo, matenda a shuga, TB ndi matenda a khansa.
• Lysine amalimbikitsa yachibadwa magazi mapangidwe. sangathe ake amatha kuutsa kuchepa magazi, matenda a kagayidwe zinthu nitrogenous ndi fupa calcification, akulu dystrophy, ndi wonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi mapapo.

Kwenikweni tichipeza mkaka mapuloteni casein. Iwo anapereka m'njira ziwiri: Alpha mitundu amachititsa chifuwa ku anthu ena, mawonekedwe beta adazindikira mwa munthuyo bwino.

Seramu kapena sulfa akuyambitsa mapuloteni, zili amene mu mkaka - 0,6%, zili zofunika michere ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani chakudya.

Mu mkaka kumeneko microflora wa zamoyo miniti yomwe moyo wa ndondomeko n'kopanda zinthu zenizeni mapuloteni - michere, kapena michere. nyumba izi zonse njira mankhwala mankhwala ndi zochita za aliyense wa iwo ndi mosamalitsa yeniyeni. ntchito puloteni ndi pH yozungulira kutentha kwa sing'anga. Ena mwa kuwathandiza kuti aone khalidwe la mkaka:

• Lipase amalimbikitsa kuwonongedwa kwa mafuta ufulu mafuta zidulo ndi glycerol. Kumasintha kukoma kwa mkaka kwambiri, kuchepetsa ubwino wake. Kuchuluka kwa zidulo ufulu mafuta ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni awo kumabweretsa rancidity mankhwala.
• Peroxidase - thermo enzyme ndi zimasonyeza chakuti mkaka anali pasteurized pa 80 ° C.
• Catalase linawola hydrogen peroxide kwa madzi ndi mpweya. Mkaka ku ng'ombe odwala catalase msinkhu ndi mkulu mokwanira.
• Phosphatase cleaves kuti esters asidi phosphoric ndi alcohols ndi n'kugwa ochiritsira pasteurization. sanamwe akutsimikiza khalidwe yosalala ya pasteurization.

Mkaka shuga ndipo kusinthika ake

Mipweya ya mkaka wa ng'ombe monga kugwirizana wapadera - lactose, kapena shuga mkaka. chigawo yogwira gwero mphamvu m'thupi la munthu. The puloteni lactase imaphwanya lactose shuga ndi galactose.

Lactose amathandiza kupondereza ntchito ya microflora tizilombo putrefactive. Lactose ali zotsatira zopindulitsa pa mantha ndi mtima ntchito za thupi.

Kwa ena, pali vuto la kukana shuga mkaka, wotchedwa lactase akusowa. Matenda akhoza kukhala kobadwa nako kapena anayamba zaka. chifukwa akhoza anasamutsa matenda matumbo kapena yaitali osadya kumwa mkaka.

Tizilombo kubala, monga tanenera kale, wapadera enzyme - lactase, amene cleaves lactose kupanga mankhwala chosavuta: shuga ndi galactose. Woyamba wa chinthu analandira ndi chakudya ankakonda kwa mabakiteriya ambiri. Komanso, izi n'zimene zicitika ndi shuga, umene ndi gawo la mkaka wa ng'ombe: izo thovu tizilombo, kukhala asidi lactic, moŵa ndi mpweya. Mu intestine anthu chifukwa cha kusintha amalenga malo pang'ono acidic amene ali abwino chitukuko cha tizilombo opindulitsa acidophilus. Activities bakiteriya inali kuwola Choncho kuletsedwa.

mchere mkaka

mkaka wa ng'ombe, zomwe zikuchokera limapangidwa zigawo organic ndi zochita kupanga ndi gwero la zakudya kwa thupi. Maonekedwe ake ndi kuti kanthu tonse mankhwala kumabweretsa mayamwidwe bwino. The zikuchokera mkaka ndi zotsatirazi zinthu zikuluzikulu:

• Kashiamu - chili mwa mawonekedwe zidyeke ndi mosamala ndi phosphorous. Ndi mu mawonekedwe a ayoni (10%) mu mawonekedwe a phosphates ndi citrates (68%), molumikizana ndi casein (22%). Okhutira okwana chinthu ichi mu mkaka - 100-140 mg, amene ali m'munsi mwa chilimwe.
• Phosphorus zili zomwe ranges ku 74-130 mg, alipo m'njira ziwiri. Ndi mbali ya mankhwala zochita kupanga mu mawonekedwe a kashiamu wa phosphate ndi zitsulo zina. M'gulu phosphorous zinthu organic - ethers, casein, phospholipids, michere, zidulo mkati.
• Okhutira mankhwala enaake a uli mu osiyanasiyana 12-14 mg, phindu pa mantha, m'mimba ndipo anthu amabadwa, bwino chitetezo chokwanira.
• Potaziyamu (135-170 mg) ndi sodium wochuluka (30-77 mg) thandizo osmosis ndi buffering onse atolankhani madzi m'thupi la munthu. Iwo kuwonjezera solubility wa mankhwala ambiri ndi zidulo mchere, casein micelles;
• Chloro (90-120 mg) ndi chizindikiro cha thanzi nyama. Kuwonjezeka ndende 30% akusonyeza pamaso pa mastitis mu ng'ombe.

ambiri kufufuza zinthu ndi gawo la mkaka. Ngakhale kuti zili ndi ochepa kwambiri, zinthu izi ndi amadza yaikulu uziyenda zachilendo m'thupi la munthu. Mkaka lili chitsulo, mkuwa, nthaka, manganese, ayodini, molybdenum, fluorine, zotayidwa, pakachitsulo, selenium, tini chromium, patsogolo. Onse a iwo zosowa zako physiologic mu thupi.

Table mkaka zikuchokera

Indicators mkaka constituent zigawo zingasiyane. deta zimenezi zimakhudza ng'ombe mtundu, forage quality, nthawi ya chaka, ndipo ambiri. Koma zikuchokera avareji mkaka wa ng'ombe, ndi gome pansipa, ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Zothandiza ndi zoipa kufufuza zigawo za mkaka

The zikuchokera mkaka lonse ng'ombe mulinso mavitamini, michere ndi inki. amanena amayezedwa hundredths ndi thousandths peresenti, koma phindu la zinthuzi ndi mkulu. Iwo mkulu ntchito kwachilengedwenso, ndipo ngakhale ochepa, pamaso pawo n'kofunika kuti thupi la munthu.

Panopa, mkaka ndi wapezeka 50 mavitamini, lomwe ndi madzi sungunuka - B1, B2, C - ndi sungunuka - A, D, E, K. Kupezeka kwa zimenezi zigawo biologically yogwira amachititsa mkaka kupindula thanzi la munthu, chifukwa zochita zawo pa Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi n'kofunika kwambiri.

Koma gawo la mankhwala ndi zingaphatikizepo zinthu zina zimene zimawononga thupi. amanena ndi ochepa, koma ngakhale izi Mlingo ang'onoang'ono angathe kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu kwa thanzi la munthu. Njirazi ndi monga:

• poizoni: Arsenic (osapitirira 0,05 mg / kg), kutsogolera (osapitirira 0.1 mg / kg), Mercury (0.005 mg / kg), cadmium (0.03 mg / kg).

Iwo akhoza kulowa mkaka pamodzi ndi chakudya kapena chidebe. chiwerengero chawo mosamalitsa osowa ndipo ankalamulira.

• Mycotoxins, makamaka aflatoxin M1, amapezeka kwambiri poizoni amatha kuumba ndi zotsatira aakulu carcinogenic. Akulowa mkaka pamodzi ndi chakudya, si kunatha pasteurization. wokhutira ndi mosamalitsa yovomerezeka kunja 0,0005 mg / L.
• Mankhwala - tetracyclines, penicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin.
• Zoletsa - koloko ndipo detergents zina ndi disinfectants.
• Mankhwala ndi radionuclides (strontium-90, cesium 137) - pamodzi ndi chakudya.
• Mahomoni mu mawonekedwe timafunika zopezeka mkaka atsopano. Choncho, kupewa mtundu uwu matenda m'thupi la mankhwala kwa ana ali osavomerezeka.
• Various tizilombo ndi salembedwa tizilombo tizilombo.

Choncho, ng'ombe mkaka, zikuchokera ndi katundu amene ali mwachindunji amadalira zakudya ndi nyama moyo, akhoza kubweretsa osati apindule, koma zoipa. Ndi kugula mankhwala tiyenera kuwakhulupirira makampani mafakitale, kuwonedwa mu msika. Childs, ngati choyezera kuyezetsa mkaka akudutsa pa magawo onse ndondomeko, ndipo zili zinthu zonse zopindulitsa ndiponso zimawononga ndi mosamalitsa ankalamulira. anthufe anagula kwa eni payekha pa msika mowiriza - kuzimvetsa, ndipo zonse wogulitsa ndi wogula. Musati pachiswe thanzi lanu, kutsatira kuitana kumuyesa kugula "lenileni amamwa mkaka."

mkaka chidwi mbuzi?

Anthu ena panopa amakonda mkaka wa mbuzi. Iwo kufotokoza izi ndi kukhalapo kwa ubwino zoonekeratu mankhwala. The zikuchokera mkaka wa mbuzi ndi ng'ombe ndi kwenikweni pang'ono osiyana. Pano pali mfundo zotsimikizira kusiyana pakati pa malonda awa awiri:

• The cobalt zili mbuzi mkaka kuposa mankhwala nthawi ng'ombe 6.
• Mbuzi mkaka pafupifupi palibe alpha-1s-casein, amene anawapatsa udindo wa mankhwala hypoallergenic.
• okhutira lactose wa mkaka wa mbuzi zosakwana ng'ombe, ndi 53%. Zimenezi zikhale zosavuta anthu akusowa lactose chimbudzi.
• Mafuta zili mbuzi mkaka - 4.4%, ndi asidi 69% - polyunsaturated ndi kupikisana ndi mafuta.
• Mu mbuzi mkaka kuli tizilombo tizilombo.

Kodi mtundu wa mkaka bwino?

Kodi mtundu wa mkaka kudya - ng'ombe kapena mbuzi - mwaganiza. mankhwala onse ali woyenera ulemu ndi amaonedwa kukhala wofunika ndi zothandiza thanzi. Chinthu chachikulu - kukumbukira chitetezo ndi kuti agule katundu wa khalidwe n'ngwokayikitsa. Muzipewa yesani mkaka atsopano ku msika. Pakhoza kukhala kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi poizoni. Ndi bwino kugula zinapita ulamuliro moyenera ndi chitsimikizo. Mukatero mungathe kudziteteza ndi banja lanu kuopseza lakuti amanena wamaliseche diso ndi sangathe. Kumwa mkaka khalidwe ndi zosangalatsa!