Malo - ndi chiyani ichi? Tanthauzo ndi mitundu ya katundu: makina ndi osasunthika, boma, boma, makampani ndi munthu

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za katundu ndi mitundu amafotokoza. Makamaka, ife kupereka tanthauzo la mawu monga chuma makina ndi malo. Ife kuganizira mfundo umwini ndi kukambirana njira zake ndi mitundu. Tikukhulupirira zimenezi zidzakhala zothandiza inu.

Katundu - ndi zovuta malamulo mawu amene ali kutanthauzira osiyana

Mu malamulo zalamulo, malingana ndi ntchito, lingaliro ili angagwiritsidwe ntchito matanthauzo osiyana. Ndi gulu ndi osiyanasiyana mu kapangidwe kake. chuma tinganene kuti ngati katunduyo kapena tingati akonzedwa ena chuma (onani. Art. 133-135 ya Civil Code). M'njira ina, mawu akuti mukhoza chiti katundu ufulu (onani. 301, 303 CC RF). Lamulo la motsatizana mu lingaliro la "katundu" akuphatikizapo osati chuma zinthu dziko ndi ufulu, komanso udindo wa womwalirayo (onani. Art. 1112 Civil Code). Kufikira tsopano, mu mabuku a malamulo ndi osazindikira yunifolomu ya chuma. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri, kuphatikizapo VA Lapach kuthandiza mwatchutchutchu ambiri akuti. Malinga ndi malingaliro awo, ayenera monga zokolola za chikhalidwe ndi zochita za anthu (kuphatikizapo nzeru katundu), amene amanenedwa ndi kuwerengera ena ndi lidzasinthidwa chofunika, ndipo ufulu ndi udindo katundu kuwonekera za iwo. Kulonga n'cigwagwa mwachidule. Katundu - ndicho chinthu ufulu, gawo la zomwe zikuphatikizapo zinthu zakuthupi (kuphatikizapo sheya ndi ndalama), zotsatira za ntchito mwanzeru ndi mapindu ena chosaoneka ndi maso, komanso katundu ufulu ndi udindo katundu.

Makina katundu. Ndalama ndi sheya

Mu nkhani yapachiweniweni zinthu ambiri imvera. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu iwiri chachikulu - makina ndi osasunthika. chuma makina mosavuta kuyenda ndi eniake, kungakhale generic kapena munthu, ndi zina zambiri mosinthana. Mu N. 2 tbsp. 130 wa Civil Code limafotokoza m'gulu la chuma makina m'gulu osati zinthu zosiyanasiyana za dziko chuma, komanso ndalama sheya. Yotsirizira ndi zikalata wapadera zikalata katundu ufulu. Ali eni ndipo anapereka mawonekedwe. Mu Art. 143 wa Civil Code limafotokoza osiyanasiyana sheya, kuphatikizapo nsinga boma, ngongole, macheke, ndalama ndi zikalata gawo, ngongole wonyamulira katundu, buku ndalama ndi magawo.

Atsutsane ndi zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi katundu osasunthika

Malo - ndi chinthu dziko chuma, ndi nthawizonse pa malo omwewo, kukhala pa ubwenzi wolimba ndi dziko, ndipo irreplaceable. Mu Art. 130 wa Civil Code limafotokoza zimene zikugwirizana ndi katundu osasunthika. mndandanda uli motere:

• zinthu zachilengedwe, magwero zachilengedwe - m'madera madzi, mchere chuma ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe;
• zinthu kuti ali paubwenzi ndi dziko - ziwembu nkhalango, nyumba osiyana, zomangamanga, nyumba;
• zazindikirika ndi aphungu a malo zifukwa zosiyanasiyana - zombo, ndege, nthambi, maofesi danga, zombo mlengalenga, ziwiya ulinso ndi zina zotero.

Article 132 la Civil Code likugwirizana mndandanda ndipo amanena kuti ndi mtundu wina wa malo - kampani, amene anazindikira momwe kuipidwa katundu ntchito ntchito ndi kumachita ngati woima nkhani yogula ndi kugulitsa ndi zinthu zina. Komanso nkhaniyi. 1 Chilamulo Federal (kuchokera 21.07.97) №122-FZ monga chuma osasunthika amaonedwa mokhala anafuna wokhala nzika ndi kukumana ndi kukhazikika ukhondo, luso, moto ndi zofunika zina, ndi malo omwe si zogona anaikira malonda, utsogoleri, nyumba yosungiramo katundu, ntchito yopanga.

Lingaliro la chuma. katundu wamba

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kuunikila chilamulo china chofunika akuti yapachiweniweni - "chuma". Mu nkhani zamalamulo, ndi chiŵerengero cha munthu zabwino za yake wake, ndipo amasonyeza zovuta lonse la katundu ufulu. Lingaliro la chuma imasonyeza kukhalako nkhani za ufulu angapo malamulo, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito (luso logwiritsa ntchito chinthu ku chifuniro ndi ndalama kuchokera izo), umwini (kutanthauza kukhala thupi chinthu) ndi kutaya (mwayi azipereka, kusinthana item anagulitsa). Nawo umwini - ndi mtundu wapadera ubale malamulo akuwuka kukachitika kuti lamanja ntchito, khalidwe ndi chigawo cha zabwino tikuziona kwa anthu angapo (ziwiri kapena zambiri). Pankhaniyi, phindu - ndi chuma okwana chingakhale zinthu indivisible ndi divisible kapena kuchotsedwa awo. Lamanja la umwini wamba kumachitika zinthu indivisible ngati iwo anatengera anthu angapo chilamulo kapena chifuniro. Chitsanzo ndi vuto limene ana kulandira womwalirayo testator anali katundu kwa iye - Dziko nyumba.

Katundu ndi State

Latsopano la Russia akuzindikiridwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi lamulo yosiyanasiyana ya umwini, kuphatikizapo boma, boma, payekha. Mu Art. 212 wa Civil Code ndi m'kagulu. State chuma (ie katundu anthu makina ndi osasunthika) ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu iwiri :. Federal ndi katundu mabungwe - mayiko, zigawo, mizinda, zigawo, etc. zochita The boma monga mutu ubale malamulo, komanso ina mwini chuma, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi ufulu kutaya chogwirika ndi katundu chosaoneka ndi maso nokha - .. kupereka, pangano, kugulitsa, etc. chitsanzo cha chuma amenewa akhoza kuchita mafakitale, mabomba, nkhondo, migodi ndi malamulo yake. Ku Russia ndi nzika zake ikuchitika ndi akuluakulu onse kapena malangizo kwa Pulezidenti ndi ya boma ndi matupi womuimira.

Chuma cha mizinda yambiri

katundu Municipal ndi umwini payekha, alipo limodzi ndi boma. katundu Municipal akuupereka mu midzi m'midzi ndi m'matauni kapena mizinda yambiri ena ndi cholinga kukakomana ndi zofuna za nzika zawo. Iwo agawidwa mitundu iwiri: za chuma, amene yomatidwa ndi mabungwe oyang'anira tauni ndi mabizinezi, ndi katundu amene palibiretu makampani ndi mabungwe boma ndi omwe amapanga zopereka. Mndandanda wa malo oyang'anira tauni tichipeza oyang'anira tauni zachilengedwe ndi dziko chuma, mabungwe boma, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, mabanki, ndalama si bajeti, malawi ndi nyumba, ndi zina zotero D..

umwini Private. katundu Personal

katundu Private zimagawidwa pa chuma cha anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo. The choyamba ndi mtundu umene njira yopanga ndi a anthu. Tikafika patokha munthu angatanthauze katundu wina woposa umene lamulo itachotsedwa ufulu chuma payekha, mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe si (kupatula milandu ena chinaneneratu). mabungwe alamulo kumachita monga nzika za katundu ufulu, akhoza kukhala aliyense malonda ndipo sanali phindu mabungwe - mayanjano, maziko, zipembedzo, .. zibwenzi Economic, ogula cooperatives, mabungwe, etc. The kuchotserapo ndi boma, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono oyang'anira tauni ndi mabungwe ndalama ndi mwini. Chuma cha bungwe - ndi makina ndi osasunthika katundu aliyense kuti aliyense zamalonda kapena osakhala malonda amagwiritsa opangira ake kapena zinthu zina. Zimakhala zida, dziko, ndalama, nyumba, zipangizo, mankhwala ndi zina zotero. Mu Russia, ndi makina ndi osasunthika katundu wa m'gulu anazindikira chinthu misonkho. Pankhaniyi, m'munsi msonkho kuchita masamu ngati mtengo avareji chuma chogwirika ndi accrued mogwirizana ndi zolembedwa mlandu wa kumalo a ntchito. Pakuti nthawi msonkho wa chaka chimodzi kalendala, kulengeza ayenera kuperekedwa kwa katundu aliyense bungwe.

m'malo mapeto

Kotero, ife ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi ku funso lakuti: "Katundu - ichi?" ndipo anapereka tanthauzo la zinthu zofunika, monga "katundu" ndi "katundu wamba". Iwo anandiuza za mitundu ya chuma, ndi kudziwa kusiyana lotengeka ndi osasunthika. Komanso, tinakambirana za alipo mu umwini Russian Federation, ndipo anafufuza kusiyana boma ndi katundu boma, komanso chuma payekha a anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo.