Kodi mafuta nsanja? Jobs pa zitsime za mafuta

Mafuta (pobowola) nsanja - ndi kumanga, zomwe zili mbali ya malo kubowola. Iwo agawidwa mu mlongoti ndi nsanja ndi ntchito:

• P (tripping);
• thandizo (pamaziko a chipika ndi chintchito) a chingwe kubowola pamene pobowola;
• mayikidwe a mipope kubowola yotengedwa zitsime;
• malo chintchito dongosolo;
• kuwayika zinthu ndi Tsa njira nsanja: ntchito, mwadzidzidzi achoke ndi zida wothandiza;
• pamwamba galimoto dongosolo.

Russian zitsime Mafuta zimamangidwa makamaka pa Kaliningrad doko la zombo zapanyanja, Severodvinsk, Vyborg ndi Astrakhan. zitsime zonse - kuipidwa akonzedwa, limene lakonzedwa kuti kubowola zitsime aliyense pa mtunda ndi nyanja.

The zitsime za mafuta choyamba ku Russia zinamangidwa mu Kuban. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo anapatsa kasupe wa mafuta, adzakhala kupanga matani oposa 190 pa tsiku.

mitundu ya pobowola

Pobowola lagawidwa mitundu iwiri: yopingasa ndi a kukumba zitsime. Cham'mbali pobowola - ndi trenchless kuika njira zolankhulirana-ceni pansi ntchito zitsime wapadera. Pobowola - ndondomeko ya ntchito yomanga ya m'mimba mwake yaikuluikulu. Pansi Kenako anaitana kukaphedwa, ndi pamwamba - pakamwa.

Chingwe kubowola

The kubowola chingwe - zambiri za dongosolo mafuta nsanja. ndime tichipeza:

• chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi boma DA;
• DA;
• chitetezo kutsogolera mipope boma;
• logwirana lumikiza;
• pini loko;
• kubowola chitoliro;
• ndikutsogolera;
• Sub pa kolala;
• mwachindunji wa kolala;
• centralizer;
• Near Pang'ono kuyimitsidwa.

Palokha, ndi kubowola chingwe - msonkhano wapadera wa kubowola chitoliro kuti ayanjane mu chitsime. Machubu omwe anafuna kupereka kwa hayidiroliki ndi makina mphamvu mwachindunji pang'ono kumanga pa izo katundu zofunika ndi ntchito bwino njira yodutsamo.

zitsime ntchito kubowola

Mafuta nsanja amachita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• transmits kasinthasintha pakati pa ozungulira ndi pang'ono;
• walandira makokedwe zotakasika kwa injini nkhope;
• akukamba ankatenthetsa wothandizira nkhope;
• zimabweretsa mphamvu (hayidiroliki) ku galimoto ndi kubowola pang'ono;
• Iwo makina pang'ono mu miyala kudzera yokoka;
• Imakhala m'malo galimoto ndipo pang'ono ndi kayendetsedwe kwa nkhope;
• Amalola ntchito yapadera ndi pangozi bwino.

Ntchito mafuta nsanja

Mafuta nsanja anaikira kutsitsa ndi kuukitsa kubowola chingwe mu wellbore lapansi. Pamene nsanja iyi chololera kukhalabe kulemera. Popeza unyinji wa zinthu thandizo la Mipikisano matani, kuwapatsa zipangizo zina zapadera ntchito kuchepetsa katundu. A zida zochotsa - chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za nsanja iliyonse.

Lilinso ndi mafuta derrick ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito zina: malo mu chingwe kubowola dongosolo woyendayenda, kubowola chitoliro ndi zipangizo zina. Pamene nsanja ngozi lalikulu - ndi okwana kapena tsankho chiwonongeko. Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chachikulu ndi kupanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi kukonza pa ntchito.

Kupita mmwamba ndi pansi ndi kubowola chingwe kangapo. ntchito izi ndi okhwima, mwadongosolo komanso osasinthasintha. Katundu pa winch wa - cyclical. Pamene pali nyamuka, ndiye lumikizanani mphamvu akubwera kuchokera injini kuti winch, ndi obadwa - M'malo mwake. Kuti azipeza mphamvu ntchito, ntchito modes Mipikisano liwiro. Pa pobowola ndipo pambuyo makandulo aukitsidwa mosamalitsa pa 1 liwiro.

zosiyanasiyana zitsime

zitsime za mafuta anawagawa osiyanasiyana msinkhu, kapangidwe ndi mphamvu. Kuwonjezera nsanja mlongoti mtundu, ntchito ndi nsanja cholinga kunsi. Nyamulani pa maziko a linga yaikidwa kale kusonkhana. Pambuyo unsembe icho ndi ankaiphwasula.

derrick zomangamanga

Pamene khazikitsa ndi kumanga nsanja mafuta nthawizonse wachita ndi derrick zomangamanga ake, monga:

• reducer;
• kutulutsa anakhetsa;
• kulandira mlatho (okonda kapena yopingasa);
• zimaswana dongosolo kuyeretsedwa;
• malo zipangizo zambiri ndi mankhwala;
• thandizo nyumba pamene pobowola (thiransifoma malo, etc ...);
• zinthu banja (canteen, m'zipinda zogona, etc ...);
• Oyendayenda dongosolo;
• winch;
• zida chivindikiriro ndi screwing BT.

Zikawonongeka zitsime za mafuta

Kuchokera kubowola nsanja, limene lili m'dziko, nyanja yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi pakati pa nsanja ndi wellhead. Pali njira zingapo tikubooleza m'madera madzi:

• ku nsanja atathana zikawonongeka;
• ndi yokoka nsanja zikawonongeka;
• ndi jackup tikubooleza zitsime;
• theka-submersible pobowola zitsime;
• ndi zombo kubowola.

Mafuta nsanja m'nyanja - ndi nsanja, m'munsi mwa amene apuma pa pansi, ndipo iye limatuluka pamwamba pa nyanja. Pambuyo pa mapeto a ntchito nsanja amakhalabe malo. Choncho, anapereka riser nsanja, omwe amatha chitsime cha madzi ndi zikugwirizana pakamwa m'dera nsanja. SMEs wokwera wellhead.

Pofuna chingwe chabwazi nsanja kuchitsime, ntchito tugboats zisanu, kuti alandire gawo ndi ziwiya wothandiza (chithandizo, mathirakitala ndi zina zotero. D.). M'madzi nsanja yokoka - maziko amene zopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi konkire. Mafuta nsanja tikukonza kumalo akuya ndi agogo amandikhudza aperekedwa mpaka ankafunila. Iwo anafuna kuti kuboola ndi kusunga ndi kupanga mafuta pamaso anawatumizira. Iwo ali kwambiri kulemera, kotero zipangizo zina kugwira m'malo si chofunika.

Jack-mmwamba nsanja ali buoyancy wabwino. Wokwera pa pansi mothandizidwa ndi kukweza zida kuti kuwerengedwa kutalika ya mafunde. Pambuyo ntchito kutsekedwa ntchito casings ndi liquidation milatho.

Theka-submersible nsanja limapangidwa nsanja okonzeka ndi pontoons chikugwirizana mizati. Pontoons ndizodzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo adalowetsedwa nsanja pa kuya ankafuna.

Self-yogwidwa mayunitsi ndi buoyancy wabwino ndi casing lalikulu, amene amathandiza towing pomwepo ndi zida anaika pa iwo. Kuika mfundo ndi adatchithisira pansi awo ndipo kumizidwa mu nthaka.

Kodi kupanga mafuta nsanja, ndi kumene kumachititsa kuti?

zitsime pobowola anapangidwa kwa mbiri adagulung'undisa kapena utsi yamachubu. Kupanga iwo mamita 28 kutalika ndi zochotsa mphamvu - matani 75. nsanja wamtali ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa chitunda ndi mbadwa angathe kukhala ndekha osati mafuko ndi kuti kwambiri kufulumizitsa ntchito.

Mtunda pakati pa miyendo m'munsi nsanja ndi kumtunda amapanga pafupifupi 8 mamita. Ngati chitsime chiri chakuya, ndipo Pakufunika mlongoti. Nsanja ndi masts ali wokwera pa maziko olimba omwe chofunika mopitilira patsogolo kudzera mawaya zitsulo, lokhazikika kwa anangula a.

Korona midadada anakhala pa nsanja, ndilo dongosolo woyendayenda ndi mbedza chifukwa zitsulo. Jobs pa zitsime za mafuta ikukhudza unsembe masitepe, amene yakwera kuti antchito. Amachita wa zitsulo kapena matabwa.