Gulu la misewu. Mndandanda misewu boma ku Russia

Misewu ndi njirazo zoyendera kuti kulumikiza m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi malo a dziko. Mtengo wapatali kwambiri kwa dziko lathu ndi misewu boma la Russia. Komanso kufunika kwa misewu zina kuderera Sikuti. Tiyeni tiphunzire m'kagulu misewu, komanso akatunge mndandanda misewu Russian feduro.

Mitundu ya gulu msewu

Choyamba, tiyeni tifufuze pa maziko angathe kuikidwa m'magulu misewu. Malinga muyezo, pali mitundu ingapo ya gulu:

• momveka;
• mtundu wa ❖ kuyanika;
• pa chuma;
• kalasi;
• ndi gulu.

Pansipa, ife tikuyang'ana pa mtundu uliwonse wa gulu mwatsatanetsatane.

Gulu la misewu momveka

Mtundu wa gulu latsopano la Russia amati lamulo wapadera feduro m'misewu, zomwe inafalitsidwa mu 2007. Malinga ndi iye, msewu ogaŵikana misewu feduro Russia, dera, mfundo yapakati-oyang'anira tauni ndi makonsolo. Izi zikutanthauza tidzakambirana ina.

Russian misewu feduro - misewu ndi yothandiza dziko. Iwo zimachokera ku bajeti feduro.

Misewu Regional - njira msewu, pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma la zigawo. Ali m'dera, dera ndi digiri ya kufunika ndi ndalama zolipirira ku bajeti yoyenera. Ngati njira dera amapereka mwayi kwa interchanges lalikulu zoyendera ndi zofunikira zina yovuta, gulu Russian misewu akusonyeza ndi manambala oyambirira A, ndi onse - ndi manambala oyambirira K.

Misewu yapakati-oyang'anira tauni kutumikira kulumikiza midzi m'kati mwamalire a m'dera limodzi koma ndimasewera m'munsi zofunika kuposa misewu dera, ndipo tiwonjezere feduro misewu Russia. Onse njira intermunicipal amadziŵika ndi manambala oyambirira H.

Misewu ena onse misewu tanthauzo m'deralo. Nthawi zambiri, iwo ali m'kati mwamalire a dera limodzi kapena m'dera ndi phindu kwambiri iyeyo. Ndalama ku bajeti ya Boma, womwenso.

Mitundu misewu mtundu wa ❖ kuyanika

Pophimba misewu onse anawagawa mitundu iwiri: molimba bwalo ndi pansi. Ndipo woyamba ogaŵikana subspecies angapo phula kunapangitsa miyala amaika mumsewu, matailosi konkire etc ... Zinyalala misewu mulibe kuwaika yokumba.

Tikumbukenso kuti mu mndandanda Russian misewu feduro si mbali imodzi compactor mayendedwe njira. Komanso simudzapeza aliyense amathamanga ngati msewu pakati tanthauzo dera ndi yapakati-oyang'anira tauni. Koma akhoza kuthana ndi misewu m'deralo.

Mitundu ya umwini misewu

Ndi ufulu wa mauthenga njira umwini ogaŵikana dziko, dera ndi ena. Ngati tanthauzo la mwini misewu dziko ndi dera funso si uka, nkhani zachinsinsi akusiyanako. Choncho, amadziwika kapena bungwe lirilonse kapena munthu. Komabe, onani kuti mchitidwe kudutsa pawekha Russia si sizachilendo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera anatsindika kuti zipembedzo zonse amakhala mu mndandanda wa mizere boma la Russia, ndi mwini ndi boma.

Gawo kalasi

Palinso misewu gulu m'kalasi. Malinga ndi iye, khwalala ogaŵikana mitundu itatu: msewu, mkulu-liwiro ndi njanji ochiritsira.

Chachikulu kusiyana kwa misewu yosavuta motorways ndi kuti mtundu woyamba wa njanji sikuloledwa kupeza otaya galimoto pa msewu adjacently pa mlingo yomweyo, pamene mtundu wachiwiri n'zotheka.

M'njira ochiritsira wayikidwa m'munsi liwiro mode kuposa ziwiri pamwamba. Komanso, mosiyana ndi motorways ndi expressways, pa misewu yoteroyo amaloledwa mphambano njinga, galimoto ndi oyenda njira mu ndege yomweyo.

Amafuna chikhumbo motorways ndi expressways - pamaso pa misewu anayi kapena kuposa, aliyense ndi m'lifupi mwake 3,75 m.

Tikumbukenso kuti m'madera osiyanasiyana a ulendo wake omwewo angakhale nawo kalasi yosiyana.

Pamafunika kuona kuti onse a mitundu ya misewu m'gulu mndandanda misewu Russian feduro, koma mwa misewu dera msewu kale kwina.

Road Kusokonekera ndi gulu

Magulu Road gulu tinganene kuti musiye kwambiri ndi amathamanga kalasi.

misewu onse IA gulu, misewu - IB, koma njira mwachizolowezi kamodzi m'magulu asanu - IC, II, III, IV ndi V. IC isiyana siyana ena a mayendedwe ochiritsira ndi zimafuna pamaso kuvomerezedwa kulekana kwa iye kulemba kwa motorways ndi misewu yachangu. The zina m'gulu la misewu ochiritsira mtundu amasiyana chiwerengero cha misewu magalimoto ndi widths awo. Komanso, mosiyana embodiments zina, amalondola siyana IV ndi V mpata mphambano sitima ndi sitima m'mabande a msinkhu chomwecho.

zipembedzo zonse IA gulu, mwachitsanzo motorway, pa mndandanda wa misewu la Russia.

njira feduro

Tsopano tiyeni tione zimene mayendedwe ali pa mndandanda misewu feduro galimoto mu Russia. Pamafunikanso mwamtheradi misewu onse kuti kulumikiza Moscow ndi malikulu a mabungwe onse a boma, kapena kulumikiza izo ndi mizinda chapakati la Russia. Komanso, mu mndandanda misewu Russian feduro zingaphatikizepo zodutsa yolumikiza malo oyendetsera m'madera osiyana, ngati khwalala ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Komanso pa mndandanda nthawi zina linali kwambiri polumikiza misewu, makamaka amene amapereka zolowera ku mphambano waukulu magalimoto kapena kulankhulana ndi mtengo feduro, mwachitsanzo, kuti madoko lalikulu.

Misewu Federal Russia ndi zofunika makamaka kwa dziko, dongosolo zoyendera.

Gawo misewu feduro

misewu onse m'gulu mndandanda wa misewu feduro Russia, ndi mwini osiyana gulu lawo. Pa zimakhalira, ndipo zokambirana zathu anapitiriza.

Russian misewu feduro anawagawa mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri: maulendo onse ndi European.

Komanso, manambala misewu polumikiza Moscow ndi mitu kapena malo m'dera lachilendo ntchito manambala oyambirira M. Pakuti mizere, amene kugwirizana zigawo chapakati uchi mzinda, R. manambala oyambirira ntchito Russian misewu Federal zofunika kwambiri monga kugwirizana mwayi ndi liwerengedwa prefixed ndi A.

List misewu boma ndi manambala oyambirira M

Tsopano tiyeni tione mndandanda yokha Russian misewu feduro. Misewu Federal zofunika ambiri, kulumikiza Moscow ndi mitu European ndi malo dera ndi mayina otsatirawa:

• M1 - mu Minsk.
• M2 - mu Yalta.
• M3 - mu Kiev.
• M4 - Novorossiysk.
• M5 - Chelyabinsk.
• M7 - Ufa.
• M8 - kuti Arkhangelsk.
• M9 - mu Riga.
• M10 - mu St. Petersburg.
• M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow (tikukonza).

List misewu feduro

Mndandanda misewu feduro galimoto la Chitaganya cha Russia, amene kugwirizana kwa wina ndi mzake midzi chapakati nzika zake, zikuphatikizapo 34 njanji. The kwambiri za zinthu monga:

• P23 Belarus - St. Petersburg.
• P56 Pskov - Novgorod.
• P92 Mphungu - Kaluga.
• R119 Tambov - Mphungu.
• P120 Belarus - Oryol.
• R132 Ryazan - Kaluga.
• P208, R209 Penza - Tambov.
• P216 Stavropol - Astrakhan.
• R217- "Caucasus".
• R239 Kazakhstan - Kazan.
• R298 - Kursk njira P22.
• P351 Tyumen - Yekaterinburg.
• P402 Omsk - Tyumen.
• P404 Khanty-Mansiysk - Tyumen.
• P600 Ivanovo - Kostroma.

Misewu Federal la Chitaganya cha Russia, zimene kugwirizana ndi mwayi, ndi 75 mayina. Zofunika kwambiri, ndipo iwo ali motere:

• Shelkovskoye A103 khwalala.
• Ilinskoe A109 khwalala.
• A113 mphete Road.
• A164- "Transkei".
• A181- "Scandinavia".
• A375- "East".

misewu European

Komanso, pali misewu boma ku Russia, lomwe udindo wa maulendo European zoyendera. Zikuphatikizapo mzere zotsatirazi:

• E18 Finland - Saint-Petersburg.
• E20 Estonia - St. Petersburg.
• E22 Latvia - Ishim.
• E28 Poland - Kaliningrad - Lithuania.
• E30 Belarus - Omsk.
• E38 Ukraine - Voronezh - Kazakhstan.
• E40 Ukraine - Volgograd - Kazakhstan.
• E50 Ukraine - Makhachkala.
• E58 Ukraine - Rostov pa-Don.
• E77 Poland - Pskov.
• E95 Saint-Petersburg - Belarus.
• E97 Ukraine - Georgia.
• E101 Ukraine - Moscow.
• E105 Norway - Yalta.
• E115 Novorossiysk - Yaroslavl.
• E117 Georgia - Mineralnye Vody.
• E119 Moscow - Azerbaijan.
• E121 Samara - Kazakhstan.
• E123 Chelyabinsk - Kazakhstan.
• E125 Ishim - Kazakhstan.
• E127 Omsk - Kazakhstan.

Izi misewu feduro Russia ndi zofunika osati chifukwa zimapatsa galimoto magalimoto mkati dziko, komanso kuonetsetsa ntchito khola la zoyendera lonse.

zodutsa Asian

Komanso pali Asian mayiko msewu. Gawo The amadziŵika ndi manambala oyambirira AN. Koma tisaiwale kuti maulendo Asian komanso wachinsinsi imodzi prefixes M, P ndi kutengera mtengo wapatsidwa njira.

Mwachitsanzo, njira R258 "Baikal" anakafika ku Irkutsk mu Chita, gawo la Asian msewu AN6 Belarus - Busan (Republic of Korea). Mofananamo M10 msewu St. Petersburg - Moscow (dzina lina la msewu - "Russia") ndi mbali ya msewu Asian AH8 Finland - Iran ndi pa yomweyo gawo la European njira E105 Kirkenes (Norway) - Yalta.

misewu nyumba

Mwa misewu m'gulu mndandanda wa maulendo la Russia, limodzi lokha munamangidwa pa mphindi - M11 St. Petersburg - Moscow. ntchito yake yaikulu adzakhala kuti ndichepe otaya magalimoto ku khwalala M10 "Russia" imene amayendetsa pafupifupi kufanana ndi zikugwirizana ndi awiri mitu Russian. Malinga ndi dongosolo, madera ena a ku latsopano mzere mkulu-liwiro ilipiridwa. Mu 2014, chigawo choyamba cha msewu linatsegulidwa madalaivala. Poyamba zinakonzedwa kuti khwalala adzaphedwa kwathunthu kugwira ntchito mu 2018, koma chifukwa cha kubwera kwa mavuto azachuma mu dziko ngati n'kotheka akhoza kwambiri kusuntha.

Komanso pali ntchito chidwi, omwe, ngati akuyendera, anaphunzira udindo wa misewu feduro. Koma pakadali iwo okha pa siteji lingaliro.

chikhalidwe msewu

Tikumbukenso kuti ambiri mwa misewu boma ndi zogwira mtima ❖ kuyanika. Koma mayendedwe, amene wamng'ono kwa akuluakulu a zigawo ndi mizinda yambiri munthu, chikhalidwe chawo ndi chosiyana kwambiri. Izi zidalira pa gawo la Russia zili ndi ndalama zingati kwa kukonza kwawo ndi kubwezeretsa akhoza kuonetsetsa maboma a m'mayikowo.

Kumene, boma latsopano la Russia, misewu yambiri m'dera ali mu chikhalidwe mwachilungamo wabwino, koma pali okwanira akuthamanga, udindo umene ndi zoopsa, napempha mwamsanga kukonza nsalu.

Management misewu feduro

kasamalidwe feduro msewu unapatsidwa kwa mapewa a boma kampani "Road Service" kapena mwinamwake iwo ukutchedwa, ndi Federal Road Agency. Kampaniyi anakhazikitsidwa mu 2004 ndi mwachindunji Kumvetsela ku Unduna wa Transport la Chitaganya cha Russia. Kuyambira 2012 mpaka ku nthawi ino ndi mutu wa Roma Viktorovich Staroviyt. "Rosavtodor" amayankha khalidwe misewu boma ndipo akutenga zochita pa kukonza, ngati kuli kofunika. kampaniyo kukonza ndandanda wa kukonza misewu.

Komanso, mu 2009, idamangidwa ndi boma bungwe "Misewu Russian", mutu umene uli S. V. Kelbah. Oyang'anira za bungwe anatitumiza kuti ndi M1, M3 ndi M4.

Kutanthauza misewu feduro

N'zovuta Musaone tanthauzo la zomwe a dongosolo la mayendedwe a dziko ndi Russian misewu feduro. Mndandanda anazipereka amasonyeza kuti kuika pamodzi zofunika kwambiri kwa malo Russian Federation anthu ndiponso kulankhulana. Choncho ndikofunika kupereka amanena mu mawonekedwe zogwira mtima, kuteteza chiwonongeko, kufalitsidwa moyenera magalimoto.

Komanso kuti konza otaya zoyendera msewu, ayenera kumanga zambiri chiwerengero cha khwalala lalikulu boma, yomanga zomwe zingachitike m'tsogolo.