Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Voronezh. Malo oteteza zachilengedwe ku Caucasus. Malo otetezeka a Danube

Malo otetezeka a Voronezh, Caucasian ndi Danube ndi malo aakulu kwambiri osungirako zachilengedwe omwe ali m'malo a Soviet. Ndipo malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi chiyani? Choyamba, ndi malo otetezedwa, omwe ali ndi chilengedwe chodabwitsa. Kuonjezerapo, kuyang'anira ndi kuphunzira zachilengedwe kumayendetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi nthaka yoyandikana nayo .

Mbiri ya Nyanja ya Voronezh

Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake, malo otetezedwa ndi boma makamaka amachokera ku njuchi. Chifukwa kusanayambe phunzirolo kumayambiriro a pakiyiyi panali zoo zokazinga, zomwe zidzukulu ndi beever zinabweretsedwa poyamba. Yachiwiriyo inapanga malo okongola kwambiri.

Mbiri ya kusungirako idabweranso mu 1919. Kenaka maulendo anatumizidwa apa kuti akafufuze chikhalidwe cha chigawo cha Voronezh . Gulu lina la asayansi linatenga zaka zinayi kuti lifufuze bwinobwino dera limene malo osungirako zinthu zakuthambo a Voronezh ali pano. Pambuyo pake, mutu wa ulendowo anapempha kuti akonze mlonda wamuyaya wa beaver kuti asaphedwe.

Kale mu 1923 dera lotetezedwa linakhazikitsidwa, lomwe linayendayenda pa mtsinje wa Usmani, kumene kunali azungu oposa 100 pa nthawi imeneyo. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chaumunthu, chiwerengero cha beavers chinawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo icho chinatha kukhala pamphepete mwa kutha. Mu 1927, malo otetezedwawo adasungidwa. Ndipo mu 1985 chinakhala cholengedwa.

Ntchito zazikulu

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Voronezh ali m'dera la Voronezh ndi Lipetsk. Malo ake ali mahekitala opitirira 30,000. Zisonyezero za malowa ndizithunzi za beever ndi mbawala, zopangidwa ndi nthambi.

Masiku ano malowa ndi malo apadera, omwe mitundu ndi zomera zimayimira.

Ntchito zazikulu za antchito ndikusungirako nkhalango zachilumba, mitundu yambiri ya zinyama, ndikuphunzira za chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve ndi malo omwe ofufuza akugwira nawo ntchito zachilengedwe zachilengedwe.

Dziko la masamba

Pa gawo la malo amasiku ano pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha zomera zosawerengeka. Pano pali chodabwitsa cha mtengo waukulu, mtengo wa pine, birch ndi aspen.

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Voronezh ndi malo apaderadera omwe zomera zosawerengeka za taiga zamasamba zimasungidwabe. Kuwonjezera apo, gawo lake ndi nambala yambiri yamagombe. Kotero, apa mukhoza kupeza zomera zambiri zomwe zimamera pamapiri ndi mitsinje. Zina mwa izo, titha kusiyanitsa ana a madzi osefukira omwe amayamba kufalikira m'chaka, komanso maluwa okongola a iris ndi mathithi.

Nthawi yotentha pamitsinje yamchere ndi yamapiri pali maluwa a makoswe a dzira, maluwa a madzi ndi maluwa. Kuwonjezera apo, kumadera amenewa, makamaka pamtsinje wa Ivnitsa, nthiwatiwa yambiri imakula. Ndipo m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Chistoe mumatha kuona mitundu yambiri ya zomera - lzamamysh wamba.

Zinyama

Kulengedwa kwa malowa kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe a zitsamba, kotero chitetezo ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mitundu iyi ndi zinyama ndizo ntchito yaikulu. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Voronezh amakhala ndi nyama zazikulu zambiri. Izi ndi nkhumba zakutchire, mbawala yamphongo, ntchentche ndi nsomba zofiira.

Nyama yambiri yotetezedwa ndi nkhumba yamba. Komabe, m'deralo muli zowonongeka, monga mimbulu. Mosakayikira, malo ofunikira kwambiri m'moyo wa malowa amakhala ndi beavers, omwe ochulukitsa angapo anachuluka mpaka mazana angapo.

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe omwe amakhalapo "Voronezh" amakhala m'malo asanu ndi atatu a marten. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana ndi zigawenga. Komabe, zofala kwambiri ndi zinyama za banja la hamster. Pakati pa mitundu iyi, mutha kupeza malo osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, wamba, wofiira, madzi ndi mdima.

M'sungirako pali mbalame zambiri. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kukumana atsekwe, mpheta ndi falcons.

Mbiri ya malo otetezeka a Danube

Mbiri ya malo otetezedwayi inayamba mu 1981, pamene madzi osefukira a Danube adalengedwa mothandizidwa ndi nthambi ya Black Sea Reserve. Kenaka adatenga malo okwana mahekitala 15,000. Chifukwa cha Banki Yadziko Lonse mu 1995, zinkatheka kupanga bungwe lalikulu la Danube Biosphere Reserve chifukwa cha malo ochepa otetezedwa.

Kukula kwake komwe adalandira mu 1998, atapatsidwa chilolezo cha mkulu wa boma, gawo lake lawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi mahekitala 50,000. Malo amasiku ano akuphatikizapo Stentsiv-Zhebrian Plavni, Zhebriansky Range, ndi Channel Island ya Ermakov. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nsomba, zomwe ziri pafupi.

Pulogalamu ya Kukula kwa Zombo zotetezedwa imapereka chitukuko cha malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Danube pafupi ndi 2015 kudutsa m'madera otentha kwambiri omwe ali ndi mzinda wa Reni. Chifukwa chake, posachedwa malowa adzapezeka m'madera onse ofunda kwambiri a Danube.

Zochita za asayansi

Malo otetezeka a Danube Anasungidwa kuti ateteze mtundu wapadera wa danube dera. Asayansi amafufuza mwakhama chikhalidwe cha Danube Delta, akuyang'ana kutsogolo kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuphunzitsa anthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akuchitika m'munda wa chisungidwe, komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kufufuza zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe chonse. Palinso zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu za munthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chilengedwe.

Malowa amagwirizana ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo ntchito pa mapulogalamu a UNESCO. Chifukwa cha ichi, chidwi cha anthu chikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mavuto a chilengedwe cha dera lino.

Osintha kokha pa zomera ndi zinyama zomwe zili m'sungidwe zikuphunziridwa, komanso kusintha kwa ma hydrological ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Palinso kuyang'anitsitsa kwina kwa boma la Danube, mathithi ndi mitsinje yaing'ono.

Flora ya malo

Dziko la vegetative m'deralo lili ndi zomera zosiyana. Mitengo yake imakhala pafupifupi mitundu 600 yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zimasungidwa chifukwa cha nthaka yachonde kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Kuwonjezera apo, nthaka ili ndi kuchuluka kwa silt yomwe imaperekedwa ndi mtsinjewu.

Mitundu yamitundumitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndiyo nsomba yochepetsetsa ndi bango. Pamphepete mwa Danube mumatha kuona mapiritsi, omwe ali pafupi mamita 100 m'lifupi. M'dera ili pali woyera, trehtychinkovaya, loshkaya ndi zina mitundu ya chomera. M'mbali mwa nyanja mungapeze chitsamba cha amphibian, nyanja buckthorn, komanso tamorizo galozisty.

Mu udzu wamtali mungathe kuona malo ochepa ndi zomera zam'madzi. Maluwa a madzi oyera , zishango za chithokomiro, salvina oyandama ndi oyandama ndi mitundu yosawerengeka ya zomera zomwe zimapezeka mu malo osungiramo zamoyo. Chithunzi cha mitundu yapadera ya zamoyo posachedwapa chinawoneka mu Bukhu Loyera la Ukraine. Koma chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za asayansi, zomera zosawerengeka tsopano zimakhala zomasuka mu chilengedwe.

Zinyama

Dziko lazilombo la Reserve la Danube ndilopadera. Mitengo yambiri imagwa pa mbalame. Chigawo ichi cha malo osungidwa - chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Pano mungathe kuona nyenyezi, ntchentche, ntchentche, imoto , bulu, abakha ndi tern. Komanso, pali mitundu yambiri ya mbalame. Zina mwa izo, zimatha kulemba pelican pinki, spoonbill, pelican ya tsitsi lofiirira komanso tsekwe zofiira. M'madera otetezeka, mbalame zimangokhala paulendo, koma mitundu ina yamadzi imakhala yozizira.

Mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya nsomba ingapezenso pano. Mitundu ina ndi yosawerengeka, mwachitsanzo, umber, kudula pang'ono ndi yaikulu, sturgeon, komanso nsomba Danube. Kuchokera ku zinyama zomwe zili m'deralo mungathe kukumana ndi nkhumba zakutchire, gombe la nkhalango ndi galu la raccoon, komanso mitundu yambiri ya zokwawa ndi amphibiya. Pakati pa anthu okhala m'deralo muli mitundu yoposa 20 ya tizilombo zomwe tazilemba m'buku la Red Book.

Mbiri ya malo oteteza zachilengedwe ku Caucasian

Mbiri yake inayamba mu 1924. Kuyambira nthawi ino kupita kumalo otetezedwawo anali kusungidwa pazomwe malamulo amachitira. Poyambirira pano panali bungwe la "Kuban kuthamanga". Malo a Caucasian Reserve ndi zoposa mahekitala 250,000. Izi zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi kukongola kwake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi zinyama.

Malo oteteza zachilengedwe ku Caucasian mu 1999 anaphatikizidwa pa mndandanda wa malo a zachilengedwe a UNESCO, omwe ali ofunika kwambiri padziko lonse. Gawoli laphatikizidwa mu mayiko ena padziko lonse a biosphere reserves kuyambira 1997. Ichi ndi malo okhawo a Caucasus Wamkulu, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 3.5 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Ntchito yotetezera

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe padziko lapansi a Caucasus ndi chinthu chomwe chimasungidwa ndi chilengedwe komanso ntchito zophunzitsa. Koma kodi malo osungirako zinthu zakuthambo ndi otani komanso zolinga zake ndi ziti?

Nyanja ya Caucasus ndi malo otetezedwa bwino kumene zinthu zachilengedwe zosawerengeka zomwe zili ndi chilengedwe chofunikira kapena sayansi. Ogwira ntchito akufufuza za mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe imapezeka m'deralo, kuyang'anira njira za chilengedwe, komanso kuyang'anira momwe zamoyo zimapangidwira, komanso kuwateteza ku zinthu izi.

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya asayansi yosungirako imawonetsedwa ndi chitetezo cha gawo lake kuchokera ku ntchito zachuma, chifukwa ziyenera kukhalabe zopanda kusintha zomwe zafotokozedwa m'chilengedwe ndi munthu. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti othandizira awo ndiwo mauthenga, omwe amathandiza kuti ntchito ya maphunziro ikhale yopangidwa pakati pa anthu.

Malo okonzera malo

Malo okwezeka a ku Caucasus ali ndi malo apadera. Pano mungathe kuona mitengo yapamwamba, miyala, matabwa, mapiri a cuesta, nyanja zing'onozing'ono ndi mitsinje yamapiri, nkhalango zamtundu ndi mitengo.

Kodi malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo otani? Lili ndi mapiri, omwe amadziwika bwino. Pano pali mkanda wa nkhanu, subalpine, nkhalango zosungunuka, nkhalango za coniferous ndi beech ndi zina. Mu gorges mungathe kuona nkhalango ndi mitsinje, komanso nyanja ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Nsonga za mapiri zimadzaza ndi zida zosatha, momwe mitsinje yambiri ya maloyi imayambira.

Zamasamba

Dziko lachilengedwe lasungidwe ndilosiyana. Pa gawo lomwelo pali zomera zambiri ndi zomera zokonda kutentha. Pafupifupi, zomera za m'derali zili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 3,000, ndipo mitundu yoposa 200 imakhala ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba.

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali imakula m'dera la malo. Kuwonjezera apo, apa mukhoza kupeza zomera zomwe zasungidwa kuyambira nthawi yoyamba. Izi ndi zokongola, yew, laurel ndi ginseng. Palinso nambala yambiri ya mabulosi, zipatso ndi mankhwala.

Zinyama za Reserve la Caucasus

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe amapangidwa makamaka kuti asungidwe ndi nyama zosiyana zomwe zimakhala kudera linalake. Mitundu yoposa 70 ya nyama zakutchire imakhala m'dera la Caucasus. Zina mwazo ndi nkhumba, chimbalangondo, mbawala yofiira, lynx, nkhandwe ya Kuban, nkhandwe, begi, martens ndi nyama zina zosaoneka. Chofunika kwambiri ku malo osungiramo mabasoni amphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yoposa 240 ya mbalame ingapezeke m'deralo. Izi ndi mitundu yosawerengeka monga sip, nyemba, mutu wa golide, Caucasian black grouse. Zambiri mwa mbalamezi ndi zisa m'dera la Caucasian Reserve Reserve.

Kunyada kwa malowa ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba, zomwe zili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20. Nthawi zambiri mumitsinje mumatha kuona mtsinje. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pali mitundu khumi ya amphibians, monga newt, frog mtengo ndi Caucasus tsitsi, komanso mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya zokwawa. Ambiri mwa awa ndi mlalulu wa Caucasus ndi adder. Kumalo a malowa amakula bowa zambiri - pafupifupi mitundu yokwana chikwi. Pakati pa iwo, makumi asanu ndi awiri ali mu Bukhu Loyera.