The una wa Alevi dziko. Motalikitsa undersea mumphangayo mu dziko

una wa nthawi zonse kale nyumba zofunika zofunika ndimeyi otetezedwa kapena polumikizira mobisa. Koma ngati kale ngati kamangidwe katswiri kuthandiza anthu mosadziwa kudutsa mu gawo mdani, koma lero yomanga awo zokhudzana ndi zolinga zina. Komabe, iwo amasiyana dongosolo, malo ndi pati. Zimene ali una wa Alevi dziko, tinaganiza kuti ndikuuzeni inu lero.

Japanese wa Ngalande yaitali

Motalikitsa ndi lero ankaona mumphangayo njanji ili mu Japan. Njirayi imatchedwa Seykanom, amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku njira Japanese "choonetsedwa zazikulu". Ngalande ali ndi kukula kochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndipo ngakhale ali gawo chobisika pansi pa madzi. Choncho, ndi wofanana ndi utali wonse wa 53,85 Km ndi m'madzi mpukutu limafanana ndi kutalika 23,3 Km. N'chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa udindo wa mmodzi wa nyumba yaikulu m'dziko, Seikan ali ndi udindo osiyana - motalikitsa yodutsa pansi pa madzi mu dziko.

Kupanga lokha yomanga amene anakhala zaka zosachepera 40, inamangidwa mu 1988. Lili okwerera awiri. Komabe, ngakhale kuti mphamvu zonse za zomangamanga, panopa Seikan si ntchito nthawi monga kale. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ichi ndi chifukwa kuwonjezeka mu mtengo kuyenda yokonza njanji.

Seikan - dziko yaitali sitima mumphangayo, kuya lake 240 mamita Izi ndi chilengedwe zodabwitsa za munthu amadziwika. Tsugaru Khwalala. Momwe munakonzera mwa okonza, ndi mumphangayo chimagwirizanitsa chilumba cha Honshu ndi Hokkaido.

anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti mtundu wa kutsogolera zomwe zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha chimphona, anakhala mkuntho, chifukwa cha zomwe inaonongeka 5 zonyamula mabwato. Chifukwa cha ngozi pa gulu limodzi lokha la amene adapha oposa 1150 alendo, kuphatikizapo mamembala adalira.

Kugwirizana yaitali ndipo pansi mu dziko

The una wa Alevi dziko akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu zotsatirazi:

• pamwamba;
• mobisa;
• galimoto kapena njira;
• njanji;
• m'madzi.

Limodzi, Alevi dziko mumphangayo ankaona Lamberg, kamodzi anamanga ku Switzerland. m'litali ndi 34 Km. Monga mosavuta kusuntha sitima, nthawi zina Iyamba 200 Km / h liwiro. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nyumba imeneyi zimathandiza apaulendo Swiss kwa maola angapo kufika mu imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri achisangalalo wa dziko - Valle. Malinga ndi apaulendo yake, apa achuluka akasupe otentha.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, kuwonjezera pa ntchito yake yaikulu, Lamberg, komanso zina una wa Alevi dziko, ndipo amachita anthu ena. Makamaka, pafupi nyumba yeniyeniyo ofunda mobisa madzi, zomwe zimathandiza kutenthetsa Tropenhaus Frutigen - ili pafupi kutentha ndi mbewu otentha kukula pa madera ake.

Mmodzi wa subways waukulu magalimoto

Msewu Ngalande yaitali mu dziko - Lerdalsky. nyumba imeneyi ndi kutalika kwa 24,5 Km ndi mtundu wa polumikiza mlatho pakati pa mizinda yambiri Eyrlann ndi Laerdal ili kumadzulo kwa dziko la Norway. Ndipo Lerdalsky mumphangayo akuti ndi kupitiriza odziwika bwino njira E16, umene unali pakati pa Bergen ndi Oslo.

Chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga m'ngalande wotchuka anali anayambitsa m'ma 1995, ndipo zinatha pafupi 2000 Mu. Kuyambira nyumbayo anazindikira kuti imodzi mwa subways yaitali msewu, anasiya wotchuka Gotthard mumphangayo monga mmene 8 Km.

N'zochititsa chidwi dongosolo chimadutsa mapiri ndi kutalika kwa pa 1600 meters. Chifukwa cha mawerengedwe molondola mapulani, akatswiri atapambana pochepetsa katundu madalaivala kuyendayenda mumphangayo. Ndipo izi zimatheka mwa kulenga atatu mapanga zina equidistant Chrixitu. Deta m'mapanga yokumba kugawana danga pansi kapangidwe m'zigawo zinayi yaitali. Ameneyo ndi odabwitsa komanso ndi Ngalande yaitali mu dziko.

Wachitatu-motalika sitima mumphangayo

The lachitatu yaitali pakati subways ena kudutsa pa njanji, ankaona Eurotunnel. nyumba imeneyi akudutsa mu English Channel, ndipo Chili ndi mbali ya UK ku Ulaya. Ndi izo, aliyense akhoza kubwera ku Paris ku London maola ochepa chabe. Mkati mwa mobisa sitima chitoliro mphindi 20-35 pa avareji.

Grand kutsegula kwa Channel Ngalande unachitikira mu May 1994. Ngakhale kuti pomanga kulowera mobisa anasiya ndalama zambiri, anthu padziko lonse ali anazindikira mwaluso mozizwitsa. Choncho, nyumbayo wachinsinsi monga mmodzi wa zodabwitsa wamakono wa mdziko. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira, ichi ndi Ngalande yaitali mu dziko adzapita Kudzidalira patapita zaka 1000.

Ngalande yaitali mu Alps

Wina zosaneneka mobisa kulowera, osati kupereka malo ake oposa theka zaka, ndi Simplon Ngalande. Amaona kugwirizana bwino kwambiri pakati pa tauni ya Domodossola (Italy) ndi Brig (Switzerland). Komanso, nyumbayi ali wabwino malo Hrs, lotchedwa msewu mitanda Asia Express ndi wokhudza mmodzi wa mizere motsogozedwa Paris ku Istanbul.

Amazipanga, Simplon Ngalande lili ndi mbiri yake. makoma awa kukumbukira zinthu zambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuti athandizira ndi linanena bungwe la izo ncho nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Komabe, kuphulika wosaloleka kukanidwa, chifukwa cha thandizo la zigaŵenga zankhondo m'deralo. Panopa yapansi tichipeza makonde awiri kutalika 19803 ndi 19823 mamita Tsopano inu mukudziwa. Kumene Ngalande yaitali mu dziko.

Yosatha "chilombo" mu Alps

Mu Alps pali yosatha Gotthard mumphangayo, wotchedwa chilombo woona wa nyumba zamakono mapulani. Yogwira titaniyamu amene kutalika ndi pafupifupi 57 Km, zinamangidwa mu Switzerland wochezeka. Malinga ndi kutukula zomangidwazo okha, cholinga chachikulu cha mumphangayo ndi kuwoloka abwino katundu ndi anthu kudutsa Alps. Komanso, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa ulendo wa maola atatu kuchokera Zurich ku Milan maola awiri ndi mphindi makumi asanu.

Ndipo ngakhale Gotthard mumphangayo pa mphindi si isanathe, izo kale kuswa zinalembedwa chiwerengero cha tonde. Monga momwe buku lina, kumanga ndi kulowera mobisa ndalama eni ake pa madola biliyoni 10,3.. Kutsegula kwa mmodzi wa una wa njanji yaitali ali inakonzedwa ndi 2017.

The una wa Alevi dziko: kugwirizana m'madzi pakati Japan ndi South Korea

Boma la South Korea, pamodzi ndi Japanese, zachitika dongosolo kumanga mumphangayo, 182 Km yaitali. chisankho uyu adagwiridwa kuti kuonjezera zolowa ndi mofulumira kugwirizana zoyendera pakati pa maiko awiri. polojekitiyi, malinga ndi akatswiri, adzakhala chachikulu. Ngakhale yomanga yake anakulirakulirabe, kutukula, akatswiri ndi mapulani anakumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Kwenikweni, si bwino mmene ntchito dongosolo kuchira, ngati inu modzidzimutsa kuchitika ngozi mwachisawawa.

Motalikitsa ndi mtengo kwambiri mumphangayo mu dziko

Motalikitsa njira yotulukira, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona itatu yokha kunjira msewu, ankaona Boston wamkulu. Komabe, kapangidwe kake kodabwitsa ndi mamangidwe ali mosakayikira zokha pamaso kuchuluka amene anali kupereka malipiro kwa makasitomala a yomanga.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku kuyambirira, bajeti okwana ntchito pa ntchito yomanga mumphangayo, kuposa $ biliyoni 14,6. Koma ndalamazo sangathe kukumana ndi kampani, zowonjezera ndalama tsiku analipo pafupifupi $ 3 miliyoni. Pomanga Big kukumba izo ntchito zoposa 150 cranes ano. Ndipo pochita nawo ogwira ntchito oposa 5,000.

Ngalande yaitali lonse Spain

Spain komanso monyadira Guadaramoy - motalikitsa pamtunda mumphangayo kulumikizanitsa Valladolid ndi Madrid. m'litali ndi 28,37 okha kuchokera kutali. Kutsegula kwa kapangidwe izi zinachitika mu 2007 pafupi. Kenako Guadarame tinakambirana za mmene zikuluzikulu ntchito mapulani mu Spain.

A lalikulu mobisa mumphangayo ku Japan

Japan anatchuka chifukwa mobisa ake ndipo pamwamba-kuuluka nyumba, Pakati pali lalikulu sitima mumphangayo Hakkōda Mountains. Kutalika kwake konse kumakhala ndi za 26,5 Km. Popeza kutsegula kwa nyumbayi ndipo mpaka nthawi ino wadutsa kwa zaka zambiri. Ndi momwemo basi ndipo tsopano apitiriza kukhala mmodzi wa timipata kwambiri wapadera yaikulu imene angaphunzitse sitima ziwiri basi.