Chiwerengero cha Tyumen - ndi mafakitale mzinda waukulu Siberia

Tyumen - likulu la Tyumen Oblast. mzinda uyu ndiye woyamba Russian m'dera Siberia. Za mmene anthu ambiri anakhala ndi moyo mu Tyumen lero, zimene iwo amchita, tikuphunzira chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Mbiri ya dzina la mzindawo

Kodi mzinda nalo dzina lake? Pa zigoli ichi pali maganizo osiyana. Malinga ndi ena, dzina "Tyumen" lachokera ku mfundo Turkic a "Tumen" kutanthauza "zikwi khumi." Anthu ena, amagwirizana ndi Bashkir "tumende" omwe anamasuliridwa amatanthauza "pansipa". Pali lomwe dzina Tyumen walandira kuchokera wakale Chitata Chimgen-Tours, kutanthauza "mzinda panjira." Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti amachokera ku mawu awiri Turkic "bai" matanthauzo wachokera, ndi "myana" - katundu, pamodzi - chuma changa.

Geographic malo ndi nyengo Tyumen

Tyumen anakhazikitsidwa mu gawo Asian la Russia pa promontory mkulu, awiri a West Siberia mitsinje - Tura (a tributary wa Irtysh) ndi Tyumenka, atazungulira paini ndi nkhalango birch. Lero, malo mudzi wa mamita lalikulu 83,13. Km.

Mzindawu woyendera nthambi kovuta nyengo chifukwa chosowa mapiri kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Kuno yaitali yovuta chisanu ndi yochepa chabe m'chilimwe. Kulowerera kawirikawiri Arctic misa mpweya kapena mpweya otentha ku Chikazaki steppes ndi zipululu a ku Central Asia, ofunda lonyowa mphepo ku Atlantic, kugumula mapiri Ural, kupanga nyengo ya Tyumen wosakhazikika chaka chonse.

History Tyumen maziko

mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1586 ndi Cossacks ndi, wotumidwa ndi maulamuliro kuteteza Urals dziko kupanga gawo la boma Russian ku anawazunza wa asilikali wa ku Siberia Khanate, amene anauka chifukwa chiwonongeko cha Golden gulu. Mu 1563, pamene afika mphamvu Khan Kuchum nkhondo ya Chitata ku dera Russian kuchuluka. Mmodzi wa asilikali Cossack molamulidwa ndi Ataman Ermak mu 1852 zingawonongeka kwambiri kwa Chitata, yolanda likulu la Siberia Khanate - Kashlyk. Ankhondo a Khan Kuchum anakakamizika abwerere. Chirichonse madera anagonjetsa Siberia akuluakulu anathamangira ku Moscow.

Mu 1586, pafupi ndi mabwinja a Chitata mzinda Chimgen-Tours, linga latsopano limeneli anayalidwa. Choncho anabadwa mu Siberia, woyamba Russian mzinda wa Tyumen. Chiwerengero cha anthu pachiyambi yaing'ono. Kukwatiwa pano oponya mivi Cossacks, ana boyars. Near mpanda yamalinga kenako anatuluka Posad.

Anthu unakula Tyumen malinga kunja, kuwonjezera ngozi nkhondo. pamzinda mtengo makamaka kumbuyo. Tyumen anakhala kunja kuteteza boma Russian kuchokera m'mayiko steppe wa mafuko oyendayenda amene anapanga anawazunza mpaka chapakati pa m'zaka XVII.

Waukulu nthawi mbiri ya chitukuko cha Tyumen

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI, pambuyo mfumu inalamula pa chitukuko cha malonda Siberia ndi kubweretsa Bukhara ake kudzera Tyumen anasefukira katundu. Izi sakanakhoza koma bwanji anthu. Tyumen anayamba kukula mofulumira likuvutika amalonda amene anadzakhala kuno. Pa nthawi chakhala malo chidwi njira malonda ku East ndi ku Central Asia.

Malinga ndi magwero zilipo olembedwa, "sentinel mabuku", anthu a Tyumen m'zaka za m'ma XVII analipo anthu 500. Theka la iwo ali anthu kutumikira. Mu mzinda pali alimi ambiri amene anafuna chitetezo kuseri kwa mpanda wa kuthetsa zokhalamo

mzinda unakula. Anaonekera midzi, anamanga mchitidwe umenewu ndi nyumba. Tyumen matabwa mobwerezabwereza anaonanso chowala ya moto. Koma kamodzinso atachira, otstraivaya kachiwiri. Kukula m'dera ndi ambiri a anthu. Tyumen, anthu mu XVII mochedwa - oyambirira XVIII zaka mazana anthu oposa zikwi zitatu, inasanduka malo aakulu malonda a Siberia.

Stone yomanga inayamba m'zaka XVIII. mlatho inamangidwa kuwoloka mtsinje Tyumenka anamanga akachisi latsopano. Ife anayamba kumanga nyumba njerwa.

Mu XIX m'ma Tyumen anakhala lalikulu mafakitale, Chotsimikizika ndi pakati ulimi Western Siberia. Pali udaikidwa ndi anapezerapo woyamba Siberia yapanyanja. doko Tyumen unadziwika ngati "Mungapeze Siberia" chifukwa cha zolowa lalikulu pachaka.

Tyumen mu XX atumwi

Mu XX m'ma Tyumen anakhala mafakitale pakati yaikulu ya Western Siberia kuti chitukuko cha shipbuilding zikopa, nkhuni, matabwa, nsomba ndi malonda pamphasa-kuluka. Mzindawu uli mabanki ambiri. Tyumen amalonda mwachangu ankagulitsa Russia ndi mayiko ena. Chaka chilichonse mu June mu Tyumen anakonza ntchito yaikulu chilungamo, kudadziwika Siberia.

Mu zaka za m'ma XX anthu a Tyumen wafika anthu 30 sauzande. Nthawi zambiri iwo anakhala pano amalonda ndi amalonda. City nyuzipepala lofalitsidwa, ndi zisudzo, malo ochitira zionetsero. Kumachita obisika, mipingo 18. sukulu inakhazikitsidwa.

Mu Soviet Union, Tyumen anakhala pakati zigawo. Ndi Kupezeka kwa madipoziti lalikulu la mchere - mafuta ndiponso gasi - mzinda anapeza udindo wa malo aakulu utsogoleri, kumene kulamulira wina wa mafuta ndi gasi zikuluzikulu maofesi a dziko.

Population Tyumen lero

Kodi anthu ambiri amakhala Tyumen lero? Chifukwa azilandira zazikulu chitukuko opanga ndi mafakitale zigawo yaikulu kutumidwa amakampani latsopano, chitukuko zomangamanga, yothandiza, yomwe ndi wokongola kwa anthu.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku sociological, mu 2015 Tyumen anakhala nkhani otsogolera khalidwe la moyo mu Russia, kumenya Kazan, Krasnodar, ndipo ngakhale Moscow. Mfundo zonsezi zimathandiza chakuti anthu ikukula likunena Tyumen. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015, malinga ndi akatswiri, panali moyo 714 zikwi. Man.