Mangawa - ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya misonkho rents

Mangawa - ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya misonkho kuti serfs anapereka mbuye wake. Mwachibadwa ilo linkatchedwa, ngati analipira mankhwala, ndalama - ngati ndalama. Mlandu file uyu amene analenga serfs, mwachitsanzo "kupanga zochuluka '. Natural mangawa - ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zaulimi (masamba, mbewu, vinyo), katundu waluso. Ndi 15 m'ma dalitso pang'onopang'ono chimazirara kukhala maziko. Main requisitions amakhala zopereka chabe.

Monga zopereka msonkho

Izo ziyenera ananena kuti chidang'ambika Russia anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma ndipo poyamba anali achilengedwe. Kukonza kukula kwake zakonzedwa kuti m'zaka 14. Zitatero, onse mbali yofunika ubale chofunika ndalama, ndi rents pang'onopang'ono kuyambira kulipidwa ndalama. Koposa zonse, mchitidwe umenewu watenga mizu m'mayiko Novgorod. Pamene m'ma 16 Zikuoneka dalitso, pali mtundu wa kulekana pakati Amaya: wamba tidakocheza analipira serfdom, ndi boma ndi obisika - rents ndalama. Kuyambira cha m'ma 18 umakhala mtundu zambiri zazikulu chifukwa kukula ubale msika. Timavala iye m'maiko onse a gawo Loona za Russia, oposa theka la alimi onse (55% wa nthaka si wakuda ndi 26% mu zone wakuda nthaka). Choncho, rents - msonkho uyu, kuchuluka umene unali wolunjika ndipo analipira ndithu popanda maganizo ndi zilakolako za Amaya.

mangawa mbiri

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi rents ndalama zambiri yopindulitsa wamba, chifukwa iwo kupereka ufulu ndi kudziyimira pawokha anira. Kwenikweni Choncho, zoyesayesa zonse kumasulira makamaka ushlyh landlords serfs kuti corvee anachititsa kukana zachiwawa anthu. Mu zaka za m'ma 19, kwayamba kutchuka kwambiri, nyengo ntchito, anali njira zazikulu zomwe mumapezera ndalama malipiro a mangawa, kuchuluka amene kukula za kawiri (pamene wambiri wamba ndi kuchepetsedwa). Pang'onopang'ono pali dongosolo lonse la malipiro wosanganiza, womwenso rents onse ndalama ndi udindo ntchito. Mu 1861, pa kumasulidwa kwa otsiriza a osawuka ndi anathetsa n'kuikapo ndalama, koma kuyambira chiyambi cha 1863 wamba anayamba kupereka kuvomerezedwa chiwombolo. Malipiro a mangawa kwa landlords zakale. Onse ndalama kusiya-lendi anakhala chiwombolo.

mtundu wina wa mangawa

Mawu "mangawa" ali tanthauzo lina: yobwereka akalola wopanda dziko ziwembu, meadows ndi nkhalango. Izi otchedwa - "akadzabweranso mu lendi." Mu lendi amenewa ndi malo kugwira weasels, agologolo, dziko Bortnikov, malo nsomba, ndi phula zakutchire ndi m'mayiko ngakhale nakulitsa mwadzidzidzi opanda tillers. Ngati alimi oterowo dziko kanthu ubwino analandira kwa boma kwa zaka zingapo (asandilembe ntchito zonse koma zoona, pangano, kuchuluka kwa omwe negotiated ndi kwawo). Mu mizinda ngakhale kubwereka malo ogulitsira ndi arcades kugula. mangawa amenewa - ichi mwangwiro aganyu malipiro yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'mayiko ndi malo, ndi ndikupeleka yekha payekha ndi boma. Motero munthu ndi mawu omwewo amatanthauza ubwino zosiyana. Mmodzi - amakakamizidwa kugonjera kasamalidwe, winayo - malipiro kwawo kwa lendi m'dziko.