Mankhwala azitsamba: mndandanda khalidwe

Mitundu ya mankhwala, pali zambiri. Ndipo mmodzi wa yaikulu kwambiri ndi gulu la mankhwala azitsamba. Kukonzekera mitundu amasiyana zochita Mwachangu ndi bata mawu a zochitika chowawa.

tanthauzo

Amene amatchedwa kukonzekera galenic amene anachokera ku chomera (muzu, misa wobiriwira, maluwa, mbewu) kapena chakudya nyama chithandizo chapadera kuti alandire mfundo yogwira ndi ndiyotani pakuchotsa zosafunika ballast zinthu. Nthawi zambiri, kupanga njira imeneyi ntchito ndi m'zigawo za luso yaiwisi ntchito wothandizila monga mowa, madzi kapena mpweya. Gwiritsani ntchito gulu la mankhwala kungakhale makamaka yekha pakamwa. Ena mwa iwo angathe kutikonza ntchito panja.

Kuwonjezera galenic mankhwala amakono makampani pharmacological ndi kutulutsa mankhwala novogalenovyh. Mu kupanga wothandizila amatigwiritsa ntchito yapadera luso kwambiri chipangizo kutulutsa mfundo yogwira zomera ndi nyama zipangizo mu mawonekedwe pafupifupi wangwiro - popanda zinthu chilichonse zina. Gulu la mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikizapo a jekeseni.

A mbiri pang'ono

Pakali pano, zochizira anthu makamaka ntchito mankhwala. mankhwala azitsamba ndi novogalenovyh Komabe, posachedwapa zatchuka kwambiri. Mankhwala otchedwa mitundu anali polemekeza wakale nzeru zapamwamba Roma ndi sing'anga Galen. Ndi zachilengedwe choyamba ichi anaganiza kuti phindu pa thupi la munthu alibe zitsamba, koma ena zinthu zawo constituent. K. Galen, mwa zina, mwini ndi ntchito za sayansi mankhwala amenewa kwa nthawi yathu ndi maziko a kachitidwe lonse la msika wa mankhwala.

Manufactures mankhwala akale dokotala zomera zochokera madzi. Komabe, pang'ono madokotala kenako anaona kuti si zakudya zonse akhoza zidzasungunuka mu izo. Choncho, kwa kudzipatula kwa yogwira mankhwala mfundo wakale ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi mowa.

Gawo

Imodzi mwa mbali mankhwala azitsamba zosiyanasiyana awo zikuchokera ndi kanthu pharmacological. Choncho, m'kagulu mankhwala ngati zovuta.

Nthawi zambiri mu mabuku chabe kukonzekera galenical lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu magulu awiri aakulu - akupanga, njira ndi zosakaniza zace. Kuti gulu loyamba la kukonzekera monga Mwachitsanzo, tinctures, mankhwala yotengedwa secretory zopangitsa, glycosides, mavitamini, alkaloids. Gulu njira ndi zosakaniza zace zikuphatikizapo:

• otsekemera;
• Kukonzekera akamagwira Kutha Tingafinye youma;
• madzi flavored;
• sopo ndi sopo-cresol njira.

Komanso, mankhwala azitsamba zikhoza wachinsinsi ndi feedstock. Pa nkhani imeneyi, amadziŵika:

• Kukonzekera organic (anakonza kuchokera ku zipangizo nyama yaiwisi);
• mankhwala azitsamba;
• zovuta mankhwala mankhwala Integrated.

Gulu la mankhwala azitsamba, nayenso tichipeza:

• akupanga;
• liqueurs;
• limafotokoza akupanga;
• mafuta akupanga;
• novogalenovyh njira;
• Kukonzekera kwa zomera atsopano (makamaka akupanga ndi timadziti).

ndi Tingafinye Kodi

Ndi mankhwala awa ndi gulu lalikulu ndi ambiri zipangizo azitsamba. Zikuimira akupanga kwambiri anaikira akupanga zomera mankhwala. The kugwirizana kwa mankhwala zimenezi zingakhale madzi ndi olimba kapena viscous. kukonzekera Tingafinye angatchedwe pokhapokha ngati ndende watsopano wa mankhwala yogwira m'menemo ndi wofanana kapena kuposa chithunzi lolingana zomera ndi mankhwala.

Phula mankhwala a m'gulu limeneli ndi mowa Tingafinye analandira mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Ubwino wa mankhwala ndi chiŵerengero chomwecho pakati pa yogwira zosakaniza ndi chomasuka metering. The sangathe wa akupanga madzi imatengedwa makamaka mkulu zili zinthu m'munsili.

mankhwala wandiweyani mitundu imeneyi ikukamba mowa Tingafinye kapena etheric Tingafinye. Chinyontho misa viscous ayenera mulibe oposa 25%, ndi muyezo ndi kulemera kwa - osachepera 70%.

Olimba akupanga youma amatchedwa ufa kapena porous chofewa ngati siponji misa. Chinyontho kukonzekera ayenera muli osapitirira 5%, ndi zotsalira youma - osachepera 95%. Nthawi zina, misa ngati ali osokonezeka zosiyanasiyana adjuvants kapena akupanga ena ndende.

formulations wakuda ndi youma mwayi kuti mankhwala yogwira lili kuposa madzi. Komanso, savuta zoyendera. The sangathe akupanga wandiweyani imatengedwa kuti iwo akhoza youma kapena, Tikawonetsetsa zichepetse ndi madoko akamaziwononga.

Kuwonjezera pa wandiweyani, olimba kapena madzi formulations galenic amagwiritsidwa opangidwa ndi makampani wamakono:

• akupanga loyesayesa ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga infusions ndi decoctions;
• mafuta akupanga.

Njira pokonza akupanga

Anapanga mankhwala ambiri mankhwala ndi umisiri ziwiri izi:

• ndi m'zigawo malo amodzi;
• ndi pompopompo.

Mbali yoyamba, zipangizo zopangira amene nthawi anatsanulira extractant. Ndiye pamene kuteteza. Mphamvu ndondomeko pokonza mankhwala kumafuna kapena kayendedwe apitirize extractant, kapena kusintha kosangalatsa zonse.

The njira kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito yodalirika malo amodzi galenic kukonzekera. Mizu ya njira imeneyi amabwerera zaka. Ndipo mu Roma, ndipo lero kwa kupanga akupanga kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Mwachitsanzo, ngati njira yosavuta monga maceration. Komanso, gulu la mankhwala akhoza analandira:

• ndi turboekstraktsii;
• ntchito ultrasound;
• mu sefa centrifuge;
• ndi nyemba mkulu-voteji.

Palinso njira zotsimikizira ndi malo amodzi kukonzekera galenic monga rematseratsiya.

Kuyambira umisiri wochitachita mu kupanga gulu la mankhwala kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito percolation - mosalekeza kusefera extractant kudzera chakudya wosanjikiza.

Kupanga galenic kukonzekera-tinctures

Ndi zachilendo gulu la mankhwala achilengedwe. Tinctures otchedwa mowa Tingafinye madzi kuwapeza zouma kapena mwatsopano nyama kapena masamba zopangira.

Monga extractant kwa formulations ngati njira zambiri hydroalcoholic ntchito pa ndende ya 30 mpaka 95%. Konzani tinctures zambiri ndi percolation. luso Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zingapo izi:

• akuwukha ndi zopangira;
• maceration;
• zosefera extractant kudzera chakudya wosanjikiza.

Ubwino wa ntchito

Mumadziwika mankhwala azitsamba kwa anthu, kotero kuti Zaka zoposa 2 zikwi.. Pa nthawi ina, pamene mankhwala mankhwala amphamvu iwo atayika malo awo. Komabe, patapita ndi chitukuko nthambi ya sayansi, biophysics ndi sayansi, mtundu wa mankhwala wakhala wotchuka kwambiri kachiwiri. makampani opanga mankhwala kuti anapezerapo mbadwo watsopano wa mankhwala gulu.

Kaperekedwe ka mankhwala azitsamba zimawathandiza anthu ndi makhalidwe chilichonse wa chamoyo. Ndi ubwino wachilengedwe mankhwala monga:

1. Mwachibadwa. Mu kupanga mankhwala gulu ili chachibadwa zipangizo. Choncho, zinthuzi ndipo ndi otetezeka mawu mavuto.
2. Kutheka ntchito yaitali. Yogwira zinthu mankhwala PALI njira ya thupi la munthu mwachibadwa zotheka.
3. Low digiri ya kawopsedwe ndi allergenicity.
4. Easy digestibility wa thupi.

Mu kupanga mankhwala azitsamba ndi novogalenovyh wosalira zambiri kuposa mankhwala ndi achire. Ndipo kotero kupangidwa akuti ndi chuma yotheka. Komanso, mfundo zenizeni yokha ntchito kupanga medicaments amenewa, ndi reproducible.

The efficacy achire chifukwa

Thunthu mwakhama mankhwala amenewa amakhala kuposa wina, monga mankhwala ndi achire. Ndipotu, zomera zili zambiri zothandiza zigawo zikuluzikulu thupi, kuyambira michere ndi mavitamini, kutsiriza ndi mapuloteni ndi kupanga oyaka. Pa processing a zipangizo, zinthu zonse izi pafupifupi kwathunthu anasamutsidwa ndi Tingafinye. Choncho, thupi mankhwala azitsamba ziribe mphamvu kwambiri apadera ndi zovuta.

mankhwala azitsamba: mndandanda wa wotchuka kwambiri

Modern pharmacological makampani umabala zosiyanasiyana mankhwala gulu. Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka kwambiri ndi ogula mankhwala awa mankhwala, monga:

• Phula tincture. Mankhwala akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito otitis, zilonda zapakhosi, pharyngitis. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo pansi zinazake ena.
• Antiseptic njira. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a magawo koyamba mastitis, zithupsa.
• Calendula tincture. Ntchito zochizira mabala, ndi ziphuphu zakumaso ndi kutupa.
• Ginseng tincture. Izo ntchito neurasthenia, kutopa, matenda a shuga.
• Echinacea Tingafinye. Ntchito polimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito Mwachitsanzo, mu fuluwenza, chimfine, chimfine.

Mankhwala otchuka

Izi ndi mankhwala ambiri mankhwala. Zitsanzo zoperekedwa pamwamba ali kwambiri otchuka ndi ogula. Mugule iwo pa mankhwala pafupifupi aliyense, ngakhale m'mudzi zazing'ono. Komabe, ambiri odziwika mankhwala azitsamba ndi mwina wachotsa wa valerian. Izi mankhwala ali odwala ndi sedative ndi kanthu antispasmodic.