Maphunziro koyamba galimoto

Cholinga cha mutu 1 "maphunziro Koyamba" (8 hours.) - kuphunzitsa ophunzira kukhala ndi akulamulira, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi magiya osiyana, akuyendetsa mu kukula anakhazikitsa ndi aime pa malo mwachindunji.

Maphunziro amachitika madzulo, kumakhala liwiro. Osavomerezeka chifukwa makalasi woyamba inachitika pa misewu. Kukhalapo pa iwo a magalimoto oyenda pansi ndiponso kuchititsa mavuto zimabwezera ophunzira si abwino chowathandiza luso ndi ufulu kugwira ntchito ndi akulamulira. magulu onse a maphunziro a kupulayimale ayenera kuchitidwa mu malo womasuka kwambiri.

Pamene koyamba galimoto maphunziro ophunzira kuphunzira ntchito ndi amazilamulira ndi amaphunzira njira galimoto za zosiyanasiyana kulamulira, mwachitsanzo. E. Ntchito kuchokera galimoto njira. Iyi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya galimoto luso. Komabe, izo ndi maziko kenako kuphunzira kuyendetsa galimoto mu mavuto mu mzinda, pamene kwaiye galimoto machenjerero.

Cholinga cha maphunziro chachikulu - kuphunzitsa ophunzira makamaka njira galimoto ntchito zolondola. Pankhaniyi, ophunzira kukhala ndi luso zenizeni, ngakhale kuti anali adakali osakwanira. luso olimba luso la galimoto iwo atero, ulamuliro, ndi mapeto a sukuluyi, chifukwa cha kusintha mosalekeza ndi kukonza iwo pa magawo onse wotsatira nkhani zina kuphunzira.

Yovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri mobwerezabwereza ndi kugwira ntchito ndi pedals ndi zowalamulira kulamulira fulumizitsa ndi zida ndalezo. Pophunzitsa ntchito akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito otchedwa "malamulo atatu" kuti ophunzira ayenera mwamphamvu kumbukirani: choyamba - simungathe nthawi yomweyo kupitiriza ngo zowalamulira ndi fulumizitsa ngo: pamene inu tilimbikire zowalamulira ngo kukakamiza oyima fulumizitsa ngo, pamene inu kumasula ngo zowalamulira pa mathamangitsidwe ikuchitika kukanikiza fulumizitsa ngo; wachiwiri - gearshift ndalezo bokosi ikuchitika kokha pamene zowalamulira ngo kwathunthu anamasulidwa ngo ndi fulumizitsa; lachitatu - ndi ngo zowalamulira adzamasulidwa ndi fulumizitsa ngo nthawi zonse yosalala.

Development luso ophunzira mu ntchito yoyenera ndi ngo zowalamulira ndi fulumizitsa ndi zida ndalezo - okhutira yaikulu ya maphunziro koyamba. Kumbukirani kuti zida chete kusintha - chizindikiro cha luso la galimoto.

maphunziro koyamba, ngati wina aliyense, ikuchitika ku yosavuta zovuta. Zokha kuyenda pa imodzi ya ziwonetsero ndi zosayenela. Ophunzira ayenera nthawi zonse tikhale watsopano, zinthu zovuta kwambiri. Choncho, galimoto ndi mpando galimoto ikuchitika woyamba ndi pamwamba olimba pansi mosabisa, ndiye galimoto mu mchenga kapena chisanu, ndiyeno galimoto kutali, pamene mawilo a galimoto ndi m'ngalande ya madzi onyansa. Maphunziro kusintha zida ikuchitika woyamba popanda malire nthawi, chiletso yake liwiro apamwamba, ndi zina zotero. D.

Pofika kumapeto kwa gawoli pa mbuye ali ndi ufulu amafuna ophunzira ntchito bwino ndi amazilamulira galimoto.

Ine Nkukupatsani njira zothandiza maphunziro mutu wa "Maphunziro a pulaimale" posonyeza 3 "Mayendedwe ndi gearshift mu akwera natsikira kuti" (4 maola.).

zolimbitsa thupi imakhala ntchito ziwiri:

1. Yotsatana zida kosangalatsa kwa oyamba apamwamba ndi apamwamba mpaka woyamba.
2. Braking olimbana galimoto nagawa utumiki, mwadzidzidzi amasiya galimoto.

Main yophunzira gawo kutsatira ntchito choyamba.

Maphunziro imayamba ndi kuwonetsera kwa zida luso mbuye mu ukutsika dongosolo. Mu mafotokozedwe m'munsichi kusonyeza mbuye atamukoka chidwi cha ophunzira chakuti mtengo wa mafuta wapakatikati ayenera kukhala mwachinsinsi ndi liwiro galimoto ndipo kuti ndi kofunika komanso kugwira tatchulawa "malamulo atatu" .Obuchenie gearshift chokhethemulira mu ukutsika dongosolo loyamba pa liwiro kunsi kwa galimoto pa anapatsidwa HIV. Pakutha paphunziroli, komanso chiyesedwe wotsatira wa m'kalasi ndi ophunzira kuloza ku ukutsika kuti m'pofunika kusokoneza ndi kuwonjezeka liwiro koyamba galimoto. Choncho ngati poyamba analembetsa anachita kusinthana kwa liwiro wachinayi liwiro chachitatu pa koyamba 20 - 25 Km / h, akufunikira wotsatira kumafunsa kusintha pa mlingo wa 30 - 35 Km / h kapena zambiri.

Pophunzira galimoto injini braking mbuye yoyamba ikusonyeza phwando, kenako ndikachite mu kuphedwa ake ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo. Pankhaniyi, ntchito mabuleki ophunzira ndikoletsedwa.

Emergency galimoto amasiya ndi kuthera pa zokambirana. Master akusonyeza mmene amasiya mwadzidzidzi ikuchitika ndi lakuthwa kukanikiza ngo ananyema kenako (pamaso siteji) kuzimitsa ndimakokedwe. Ndi bwino kuchita njira imeneyi ntchito kulandira malo oyamba, ndi injini inoperative. Pamenepo mwini zoyenda adzalamulira kuti aime njira imeneyi, koma pamafunika kuchita zoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Monga migodi phwando deceleration mlingo ukuwonjezeka, kuletsa lamulo amatenga mbuye mosayembekezera ndinalembetsa.

Pa ophunzira kalasi ayenera kulabadira ntchito ndi ngo ananyema. Mwadzidzidzi braking adzakhala amakumana ndi mavuto kuchulukana kwambiri zimagwirira ndipo avale inapita ndipo ankaloledwa ndi amasiya pangozi ya galimoto. Pa magalimoto ndi mabuleki hayidiroliki ali osavomerezeka monga zikuchepa kumasula ananyema ngo pambuyo kukanikiza, monga zotsatira zovulaza pa mfundo za chachikulu yamphamvu ananyema.

Chitani izo m'pofunika kukhazikitsa zotsatirazi ulamuliro Ntchito kusunthira kutali, mathamangitsidwe yotsatana gearshift kwa mzere, braking yotsatana gearshift mu ukutsika kuti ndi woyamba galimoto amasiya kutumikira ananyema.

Ophunzira alandire "wolemekezeka" pamaso pa palibe cholakwika kuposa wina, "chabwino" - zosaposa atatu, "zogwira mtima" - zosaposa zisanu. Zolakwa amaonedwa chomwecho, monga tanenera Zochita, m'mbuyomu. Komanso, ayenera kutengedwa vuto ngati kusintha kwa m'munsi wapakatikati kutengerapo mpweya wambiri si chogwilizana ndi liwiro kuyenda.

Ntchitoyi Akumaliza kwenikweni kukoka kuchokera malo a maphunziro ndi gearshift ndalezo. Mu maphunziro wotsatira wa njira ya kuchita maluso awa ophunzira bwino ntchito yawo ndi kuyenda kwambiri. Koma vuto lalikulu ndi kale kudzakhala zina, zovuta kwambiri, maphunziro kowonjezereka kale zochokera luso yotengedwa ndi ophunzira Zochita izi choyamba. N'chifukwa chake m'pofunika kwambiri panthawi imeneyi maphunziro kukwaniritsa zolondola zolakwa zonse zopangidwa ndi ophunzira pamene kukoka kutali ndi pa kusintha magiya.

zolakwa zambiri Tingaone mwakamodzi (mwachitsanzo, wophunzirayo akuyang'ana akulamulira, amasunga mapazi ake pa ngo zowalamulira, ndi ngo ananyema amayikanikiza phazi la kumanzere, etc ...), Ndipo awathandize chabe - zonse amanena kuti ophunzira awo. Koma pali zolakwika zovuta kuti ayenera bwinobwino kupeza zimayambitsa ndi maphunziro owonjezera awathandize.

The GM kuganizira kwambiri za zolakwa zitatu izi: kugwedezeka mwamphamvu pamene galimoto ikuyenda kutali, kuima injini kudzera vuto la wophunzirayo ndi kukukuta magiya pamene kusuntha magiya. Master anafotokoza kuti chifukwa cha zolakwa woyamba ndi zambiri galimoto kuchoka pa pafupipafupi mkulu wa kasinthasintha wa crankshaft ndi kulolerana zakuthwa lumikiza. The injini makola pamene ananyamuka, malinga mozama pa otsika liwiro injini, ndi ngo zowalamulira adzamasulidwa mwadzidzidzi, popanda ndalezo adzamasulidwa ku magalimoto ananyema kapena zinathandiza zida apamwamba. Osati injini ofunda, phiri kuyamba pansi zolemera, kusunthira kutali wodzala ndi galimoto - zonsezi amafuna pafupipafupi apamwamba a kasinthasintha wa crankshaft, kapena injini akhoza onenepa.

magiya kulira pamene kusuntha zidzachitika chosakwanira kuthimitsa ngo zowalamulira, ndi odekha, anachedwa kusintha zida ndalezo pamene kusintha popanda cutoffs awiri zowalamulira ngo, ngati wapakatikati "mpweya" mtengo si chogwilizana ndi liwiro kuyenda.

mbuye ayenera kupeza zimayambitsa zolakwika, kusonyeza kuti iwo ophunzira ndi pophunzitsidwa zina kulabadira Kupha kwawo.