Matamando - ndi chiyani ichi? Kutanthauza phraseologism "nyimbo zotamanda"

Nthawi zina timamva anthu kulankhula za munthu amene ali kumwa matamando a wina: "Inde izi ndi matamando olimba" Mawu amenewa ndi zachilendo, koma ndi angati akudziwa kuti chatifika a Chigiriki? Ndipo pamene anali ndi tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri kuposa panopa, ndipo ntchito mu lingaliro n'zolakwika. Tiyeni tidziwe bwino mbiri ya okuluwika ndi momwe izo zasintha timamvera nthawi.

Kodi "chiyamikiro" m'Chigiriki?

Kalekale, liwuli linatanthauza kolasi wodzitukumula zotamanda nyimbo ndipo ngakhale kuvina anachita polemekeza wakale mulungu wa vinyo, Diyonisiyo. Popeza kuti zikondwerero zimenezi nthawi yokolola mphesa anali odzipereka kwa chilengedwe ndi chonde ake, anali limodzi ndi otchedwa mapwando - vinyo raspivaniem, phwando ndipo ngakhale, monga ena Olemba, zachiwerewere kugonana ophunzira. Koma zinali choncho zoona zake n'zakuti, silidziŵika. Ife tikungodziwa kuti admirers a misala chopatulika cha Diyonisiyo chachitika pa akuvina, ndi anthu kuyimba pa nyimbo yemweyo, amene anali odzipereka kwa iye.

A mbiri pang'ono

Akukhulupirira kuti matamando oyambirira - ndi choral nyimbo chilumba cha Delos. Komabe, mavesi ambiri ndakatulo, amene anafika ife anthu a ku Atene. Zili kwa iwo anapita mawu akuti "kuimba matamando". Phindu la mawuwa Athens anali lophweka. amuna pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anyamata, ananamizira ngati satyrs, anayima mu bwalo ndi kuimba nyimbo ya Diyonisiyo pansi thandizo la akatswiri zisudzo makolasi, ndipo nthawizina ena zoimbira. Aliyense kwaya kutsogoleredwa ndi otchedwa "nyale". Kenako, mu Greece wakale, ngakhale i kuti yapangidwa, ndi chiyamikiro monga mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo. Choyamba, mawu a choral nyimbo ayenera mungoli wapadera, kukhala antistroficheskim. Kuyenera limodzi ndi limodzi aulos, ndipo ngakhale pa kalembedwe Frugiya. Komanso, pamafunika wapadera, wapadera kwambiri ndi kumusangalatsa kalembedwe. Pakati makwaya, kuchita matamando chifukwa cha zikondwerero wakale monga Diyonisiyo ndi Lenayya.

Music ndi Literature

Motero, nyimbo yakale kwambiri kuti tikutchedwera zinali zotchuka. Koma kenako anapeza khalidwe payekha. Chiyamikiro oyambirira mwachionekere analengedwa ndi ndakatulo Archilochus polemekeza "Ambuye wa Diyonisiyo", umboni ndi malemba a BC VII atumwi. Komabe, Herodotus makhalidwe m'manja ena Arion cha Lesbos. Choncho matamando - ndi mtundu wapadera nyimbo Greek ndi mabuku pafupi ndi tanthauzo ndi nyimbo ndi chiyamikiro. Koma mawu ali ndi matanthauzo ena. zaka ziwiri pambuyo ndakatulo iyi Arion Vakhilida ngakhale anabweretsa mtundu wanyimbo kuti kukambirana zoterezi, ndi executable pansi kuimba choral. Iye anakhala mizere wotchuka pathos ndi odziwika ndakatulo Pindarus. Kwambiri ambiri mtundu wanyimbo dithyramb anali mu zana lachisanu BC. Iwo ankapita ndi ndakatulo otchedwa "latsopano nyimbo." Oimira odziwika bwino kukuchititsa zimenezi zinali Timoteo la Mileto, ndi Melanippid Filokset ndi Keeter chilumba. Mu zaka zana polemba chinenero cha wayamba kupululuka, kenako linasiiratu kutchuka kwake, ngakhale mpikisano pakati makolasi, adayimba nyimbo zotamanda Mulungu, adakwera kuti agonjetse Greece ndi Rome.

Kodi nzeru ena kuti?

Pamene liwu anali wotchuka mu Kale, chiyambi chake si Greek. Matamando - kuti, zikuoneka, anali mmodzi wa achipongwe wa mulungu wakale wa vinyo. Plato mu kukambirana "Malamulo" ikufotokoza mfundo zosiyanasiyana Mitundu nyimbo. Kumeneko, iye akuti motere: "Ndikuganiza amatchedwa kubadwa kwa Diyonisiyo dithyramb." Ndipo wake wotchuka "Republic" m'dziko la m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC, Plato amapereka kutanthauzira lina la mawu akuti "chiyamikiro." Mawu amenewa ndi ndakatulo ankadziwa ngati njira yekha wa kukopera ndakatulo akuti m'malire chisangalalo. Plutarch amalankhula za matamando, monga kulankhula chiwawa, anachita mwa changu. Kusiyana nyimbo olembedwa mu kalembedwe penepyo, momasuka ndi zogwirizana matamando a Apollo. Aristotle amakhulupirira kuti ndiwo maziko ndi gwero la tsoka Greek. Takambirana kale amatchedwa ife Vahilida wotchedwa kukambirana pakati woimba ndi nyimboyi pa zoopsazo. Ndiye nyimboyi m'malo ndi wosewera wina.

The History Chatsopano

Europe anayesa kuti abwererane ndi matamando a Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Ndiyeno panali zosiyanasiyana odes laudatory kwa akalonga a Mpingo ndi andale zadziko. Koma m'masiku amenewo, pa mtundu wanyimbo izi ndakatulo anayang'ana otsutsa ndi Eti. Makamaka wotchuka ndi matamando mu nyengo Baroque, pamene olemba anayesa kutsitsimutsa chikondwerero lakalekale. Bwino kwambiri polemba chinenero ichi nyimbo-ndakatulo chapeza mu Italy ndipo makamaka mu Germany, kumene kusiya alakatuli "Sturm und Drang", monga Franz Schiller. Schubert Wolemba analembanso nyimbo pa lemba pretentious ya kalembedwe imeneyi. Ndipo Fridrih Nitsshe anafuna ngakhale kulenga zofanana chapachiyambi "Bakasi 'matamando, ngakhale ndi mawu satirical.

Masiku tanthauzo phraseologism

Tanthauzo loyambirira la mawu akadali nthawi ophatikizidwa ena oimba zamakono monga mwachitsanzo Igor Stravinsky. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, mawu awa ndapeza kudzimva kutchulidwa wa wachipongwe: "? Mwina ine ndidakali akutamanda inu kuimba" okuluwika wabwera kutanthauza kutamanda kwambiri ndi wosayenerera, slaver. M'lingaliro, n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa polemba chinenero ichi zolembalemba-nyimbo anafuna kuti matamando kogwidwa wa milungu. Ndipo pamene, ndi dzanja kuwala kwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, anayamba ntchito potamanda andale ndi onse mphamvu, n'zosavuta kuchita chinthu chopweteka, pretentious ndipo anagwirizana. Ndipotu, ngakhale mu Baibulo zikunenedwa kuti munthu apereke kwa Mulungu, ndi "Kaisara" - kwambiri. Ndipo pamene andale, nyenyezi ndi osiyana beau Monde nyimbo zotamanda chodalira zolengedwa zakumwamba, si kuti kwambiri mosapitirira? Ndipo mwina amwano. Choncho, anthu ambiri sakuzindikira matamando kapena kunyoza iwo monga osyasyalika zosaneneka. The kwambiri chifukwa kawirikawiri ntchito kuti akaonekere kwa munthu woyenera ndipo kutenga cholowa chawo cha ubwino.