Kutanthauza phraseologism "jekete". Popular akuti "Procrustean bedi"

ndi chuma chenicheni cha chinenero chiyani? Monga mmene analembera NM Karamzin, si kuchuluka kwa phokoso kapena mawu ambiri, ndi luso kusonyeza mfundo wochenjera makhalidwe ndi maganizo. Imodzi mwa njira akuti tinganene kuti pokha-phraseological mayunitsi - osakaniza khola mawu, otchedwa wapakamwa mitunduyi kuti owala, Awatu ndi molondola kudziwa maganizo, makhalidwe ya woyankhula.

Kutanthauza phraseologism "Procrustes bedi"

M'chinenero chilichonse, pali khola akuti, wokonzeka osakaniza mawu amene osati azikongoletsa, ndipo wokamba kusonyeza khalidwe lawo zimene zikuchitika. Mu zilankhulo, iwo amatchedwa phraseology. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zawo ndi ambiguity. Pa nthawi yomweyo ali mwachindunji ndi wophiphiritsa tanthauzo, osiyana Kuwerenga kwenikweni. Kuyambira mfundo imeneyi ndi chidwi mtengo phraseologism "Procrustean bedi". Kwenikweni - chikumbutso cha wakuba chimphona kwa Agiriki, ndi zida zake achilendo kuzunzidwa, mophiphiritsa - ndi mphamvu woyenera chirichonse pansi malire osafunika.

"Mavitamini" kulankhula

Phraseology - nthambi ya zilankhulo (a sayansi ya chinenero), zomwe amachita ndi phraseology kapena yunitsi phraseological. Chiyani muyenera kuwerenga chodabwitsa zinenero kulenga lachindunji zilankhulo? Choyamba, maganizo funso n'lakuti, Kodi wolingalira mawu tinganene kuti phraseology: miyambi mawu, Zining'a, mawu, etc. Ndipo kachiwiri, kuwonjezera kuphunzira njira za mapangidwe awo, phraseology amadziwikanso chinkhoswe mu magwero a magwero a kanjedza ena ya kulankhula ... Kumbali ya maonekedwe ankasinthana wa mawu a chinenero cha Chirasha anawagawa zaka zakubadwa Russian ndi yobwereka.

Primordially Russian kukabwereka

Magwero ndi primordially Russian chikhalidwe cha wakale Asilavo, moyo miyambo, zikhulupiriro, nthano komanso ntchito ndi olemba Russian, "mu chaka chimodzi" - kalekale, kalekale; "Lochedwa" - kukhala kumbuyo; "Popanda mfumu mutu wake" - munthu kupanga zinthu opusa. Koma lero tikambirana pang'ono za izo, chifukwa ife tiri ndi chidwi akuti "Procrustean bedi" amatanthauza phraseology yobwereka. Monga sayansi, yotsirizira anabwera kwa ife kuchokera m'Baibulo-Evanjeriko malemba (ndi "chipatso choletsedwa" - yesero choletsedwa), ku Roma ndi nthano za Chigiriki ( "Gordian mfundo" - akuwaitanira, zachilendo kuphatikiza zinthu), komanso zinenero Western European ndi mabuku ( " Mfumukazi ndi mtola "- asokoneza mwa anthu).

Zining'a yakale yoyendera

Kodi anatisiyira ife chuma cha Ancient Greece? Agiriki "anapereka" ife sayansi, zisudzo, analenga ambiri a Mitundu mabuku, anali gwero la dongosolo Mchitidwe mtengo ... Ndi mbali yaing'ono ya zomwe tikuphunzira lonse chikhalidwe. Koma tsopano si za izo, kapena kani, za ichi - za zipambano za dziko lakale, koma m'munda osiyana - zilankhulo. Chochititsa chidwi gulu anabwereka mawu ophiphiritsa zimapanga mayunitsi phraseological kwa Agiriki: "makola Augean" - chipinda wakuda kwambiri; "Kumira mu anaiwalika" - kudzatha mu mpweya wochepa thupi, phompho, kuti zidzaiwalika; "Kwera Pegasus." - kuuziridwa kulemba ndakatulo, kukhala mlakatuli, etc. Monga Tingaone zitsanzo, kuti ntchito bwino mtundu wa mawu ndi Mwachitsanzo, ndi lingaliro, kutanthauza "Procrustean bedi", m'pofunika kudziwa mbiri ya moyo wawo unayambira, kapena osachepera bwino nthano zakale Greek ndi mabuku.

"Procrustean bedi": tanthauzo chiyambi

Fotokozani okuluwika "Procrustean bedi" kuthandiza nthano ya ngwazi Greek Theseus, mwana Efry ndi mbuye wa Athens Aegeus. Pamene iye anakula ndi kukhwima, mayi ake ndi agogo ake anam'tumiza ku Athens kupeza bambo ake. Theseus sanamvere pempho la banja kupita pa nyanja, koma anasankha njira kovuta - wapansi kudutsa kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Yovutayi njira anakumana kwambiri ndi mavuto, imene inali kugunda ndi wolanda damask dzina Procrustes, kutanthauza "dokotala wongozula mano ayi". About woipa amene amabweretsa uyu anapita kudziwika. onse woyendayenda iye anamuitana kunyumba kwake, kumene anadikira ndi wozunzikirapo mozunzika: anapanga zonse pogona pa kama wa wotchuka wake, ndipo ngati kwambiri kwa "wofera", iye anakokera iye mpaka mapazi ake simunandikhudze m'mbali. Ndipo ngati bedi anali pang'ono Kalanga kuti kukadulidwapo mapazi ake. Theseus anagonjetsa chimphona, ndipo anamugoneka pa kama wa izo. Zinali aafupi ndi unyamata wake molimba aphedwa mofanana iye disposes anthu osauka kamodzi apaulendo. Patapita zaka zambiri, dzina la wakuba Procrustes ndi chida kuzunzidwa - "mphasa" kutaya tanthauzo mwachindunji, ndipo pamodzi kutenga tanthauzo losiyana, womwe wapangidwa kwa anakumana pa kuwerenga nkhani makhalidwe. Choncho, mu Russian phindu chinenero phraseologism "Procrustean bedi" - muyeso wa chinachake kapena chinachake chimene mokakamiza kusintha ikonza.

zinenero zina

Anabwereka mayunitsi phraseological - ndi, monga ulamuliro, patsogolo lonse. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "Achilles 'chidendene" - pa chiopsezo - ali mnzake ake mu English - Achilles' chidendene, ndi French - talon d'Achille, mu Greek - αχίλλειος πτέρνα, German - Achillesferse ndi zina zotero. Komabe, iye kwathunthu ndi tanthauzo lake, ndi zithunzi zake. Tsopano tiyeni tione "Procrustean bedi" zitsanzo za ntchito zake m'zinenero zina: Greek - προκρούστεια κλίνη, English - Procrustean bedi, German - Prokrustesbett ndi zina zotero. The kuphunzira wakale wotchuka mawu m'zinenero zonse kumateteza chifanizo cha kuchimwa Procrustes, pa maziko a panali mawu okuluwika, kutanthauza kuti mtengo amasungidwa ndi phraseologism "Procrustean bedi" - onyenga ndi kayesedwe tanthauzo, ndipo lexical ndi kalembedwe dongosolo, ndi, kusamuka kwa mawu ndi zinenero wina wakhala si zinachititsa kuti mitundu yonse ya kusintha.

Okuluwika kapena mawu otchuka

Monga tanena mwa akatswiri a zinenero pali kusiyana, pali miyambi, ndi mawu magawo phraseological kapena ayi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti inde, ndipo zikuphatikiza miyambi ndi mawu mu gulu la "phraseological mawu." akatswiri a zinenero zina kukana mfundo imeneyi, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zochitika zinenero sangathe kukhala phunziro la phraseology. funso, ndithudi, zovuta ndi maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "Procrustean bedi" mukhoza kunena kuti phraseology, ndi mawu otchuka.

Monga okuluwika m'njira yopapatiza mawu, iwo ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• idiomatic, kuti ndi indivisible, indecomposability mawu pa zigawo munthu (mawu "Procrustean" ndi "mphasa" sangathe ntchito payokha, kapena kusiya matanthauzo ofanana ndi kuwasandutsa kuphatikiza ufulu);
• rethinking - kufunika koyamba akuti, phindu msanga n'kukhala wophiphiritsa (akuti "Procrustes bedi" poyamba dzina wolanda ndi chida wake wotchuka wozunzikirapo, ndipo yekha ndiye anapeza tanthauzo sekondale - muyeso ofunda);
• kukana - umatanthauza "Procrustean bedi" zolowa akhoza m'malo ndi ena;
• Malumikizanidwe ndi gawo makamaka wa kulankhula - mawu okuluwika "Procrustean bedi" ntchito ngati nauni;
• Kufufuza bwino.

Zosowa zakale otchuka akuti

Analembedwa ndi mawu akuti "otchuka akuti," "mawu mapiko" zimachitika Homer, yemwe kwa nthawi yoyamba icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu "Iliad": kuchokera mkamwa ya woyankhula mwamsanga samasunga mawu ndipo nthawi yomweyo anawulukira kwa khutu womvera Mulungu. Mu zilankhulo makono, mawu kumvetsa amagwira zisathe ndi odziwika ku ntchito tingachipeze powerenga za mafilimu a kanema, kuyambira nyimbo, malonda, ndi mawu a anthu otchuka. mawu ambiri ochokera m'Baibulo kapena Agiriki, monga akuti "Procrustean bedi". Dziko la "mawu mapiko" zazikulu - zina zolemba pa nthawi, kutaya kufunika awo, kutchuka ndi kutha, ena kuoneka ndi kukhala nzeru wamba.